ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024

PAPER FORMAT
NOTEBOOK FORMAT
Hydraulics 1
FLUID PROPERTIES

ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-2025

Fluid Mechanics
A physical science dealing with the action of fluids at rest or in motion, and with
the applications and devices in engineering using fluids.

Two Major Areas:

1. Fluid Statics- which deals with fluids at rest
2. Fluid Dynamics- concerned with fluids in motion

Hydrodynamics- term applied to the flow of liquids or to low-velocity gas flows,

where the gas can be considered as being essentially incompressible.
Types of Fluid
Ideal fluids
• Assumed to have no viscosity (and hence no resistance to shear)
• Incompressible
• Have uniform velocity when flowing
• No friction between moving layers of fluid
• No eddy currents or turbulence
Types of Fluid
Real Fluids
• Exhibit infinite viscosities
• Non-uniform velocity distribution when flowing
• Compressible
• Experience friction and turbulence in flow
MASS DENSITY
MASS DENSITY
 Sample Problem 1

A reservoir of glycerin has a mass of 1200 kg and a volume of 0.952

cu.m. Compute the following:
1. Weight (W) (11.772 kN)
2. Unit Weight (12.366 kN/cu.m)
3. Density (1260.5 kg/cu.m)
4. Specific Gravity (1.26)
 Sample Problem 2

The specific gravity of certain oil is 0.82. Compute the following:

1. Specific Weight in lb/cu.ft (51.168)
2. Specific Weight in kN/cu.m (8.044)
3. Density in slugs/cu.ft (1.59)
4. Density in kg/cu.m (820)
 Sample Problem 3

If an object has a mass of 22 kg at sea level,

1. What will be its weight at a point where the acceleration due to
gravity is 9.75 m/sec sq. (214.5 N)
2. What will be the mass at that point (22 kg)
 Sample Problem 4

If the specific volume of a certain gas is 0.7848 cu.m/kg, what is its

specific weight? ( 12.5 N/cu.m)
 Sample Problem 5

What is the specific weight of air at 480 kPa absolute and 21 degree
Celsius? (55.81 N/cu.m)
 Sample Problem 6

Find the mass density of helium at a temperature of 4 degree Celsius

and a pressure of 184 kPa gage, if the atmospheric pressure is 101.92
kPa. (R= 2079 J/kg.degree Kelvin) (0.4965 kg/cu.m)
 Sample Problem 7

A liter of water weighs about 9.75 Newton. Compute its mass in

kilograms. (0.994 kg)
 Sample Problem 8

What is the weight of a 45-kg boulder if it is brought to a place where

the acceleration due to gravity is 395 m/s per minute? (296.25 Newton)
 Sample Problem 9

At 32 degrees Celsius and 205 kPa gage, the specific weight of a certain
gas was 13.7 N/cu.m. Determine the gas constant of this gas. (718.929
J/kg-K)
 Sample Problem 10

Air is kept at a pressure of 200 kPa absolute and a temperature of 30

degree Celsius in a 500-liter container. What is the mass of air? (1.15 kg)
 Sample Problem 11

A cylindrical tank 80 cm in diameter and 90 cm high is filled with a liquid.

The tank and the liquid weighed 420 kg. The weight of the empty tank is
40 kg. What is the unit weight of the liquid in kN/cu.m. (8.23 kN/cu.m)
 Sample Problem 12

A lead cube has a total mass of 80 kg. What is the length of its side? Sp.
Gr. Of lead is 11.3. (19.2 cm)