TUGAS RESUME JURNAL

BAHASA INGGRIS
Dosen pengampu: Miss Maya Sari Ananda Pohan M.Sc., S.Si
Oleh : Kahirunasihin Amrullah
NIM :231092200086
Kelas : REG A/002

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) METHOD AS A MODEL DESIGN IN

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND ITS ALTERNATIVES

Sri Gustiani srigustiani@polsri.ac.id Politeknik Negeri Sriwjaya

2019

The Research and Development (R&D) Method by Borg & Gall (1983) is a popular model
design in educational research, aimed at improving educational practices by developing
models. However, there are questions about whether it is the only proper method. This
paper explores the R&D Method and offers alternative model designs for educational
research.

Basic and applied approaches in educational research can be basic, focusing on developing
theories, or applied, focusing on solving educational problems through practices. The R&D
Method by Borg & Gall (1983) is commonly used in applied research to develop and validate
educational products like teaching materials.

Efficient models in educational research should have a descriptive narrative, logical

procedures, specific purpose, measurable success, and be representative of a system.
Models can be predictive, prescriptive, descriptive, or normative, each serving different
functions in achieving educational goals. Verification and validation steps are crucial to
ensure the model's usefulness and acceptance by users.
Alternative R&D methods include Hoge, Tondora, & Marelli (2005), which suggested seven
steps in developing a model, including obtaining sponsor support, developing a
communication plan, planning methodology, identifying and creating the model, applying
the model, and evaluating and updating it. Fotis & Mentzas (2006) developed a nine-step
R&D Method for competency model development.

The model design process starts with identifying performance metrics and validation
samples, followed by developing a tentative needs list based on preliminary competencies.
The preliminary model is then developed based on collected data, cross-checked and
refined, and validated for legal acknowledgment before finalization. Plomp's model design
has five steps, including preliminary investigation, designing, realization/construction,
testing/evaluation/revision, and implementation.

Luther's Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) is used for designing multimedia
products for learning processes, consisting of six steps: determining the purpose and users,
designing program specifications, collecting materials, assembling multimedia materials,
testing the product for errors, and distributing the final product to users.