https://nammti.

uz/

“TСО ТЦpШЫЭКЧМО ШП ЭЫКЧЬХКЭТШЧ ЬЭЮНТОЬ ТЧ ЭСО НОЯОХШpЦОЧЭ ШП аШЫХН

ЬМТОЧМОЬ” ЧШЦХТ бКХЪКЫШ РТН-tarjimonlar forumi.
Namangan-muhandislik texnologiya instituti rektori
prof. O.O. MКЦКЭФКЫТЦШЯЧТЧР ФТЫТЬС ЬШ„гТ
Hozirgi ФЮЧНК вЮЫЭТЦТгНК ШХТЛ ЛШЫТХКвШЭРК ТЬХШСШЭХКЫ ЛКЫМСК ЬШСКХКЫРК Ш‘г
ТУШЛТв ЭК‘ЬТЫТЧТ ФШ‗rsatmoqda. Xususan,“IЧЬШЧРК О‟ЭТЛШЫ ЯК ЬТПКЭХТ ЭК‟ХТЦ» yili
ҿКЯХКЭ НКЬЭЮЫТРК ЦЮЯШПТq, бШЫТУТв ЭТХХКЫЧТ Ш‗ЫРКЭТЬСНК ЭК‘ХТЦ sifatini tubdan
oshirish, sohaga malakali pedagoglarni jalb etish bugungi kunning dolzarb
ЦКЬКХКХКЫТНКЧ ЛТЫТРК КвХКЧТЛ ЛШЫЦШqНК, НОЬКФ ЦЮЛШХКР‘К ЛШ‘ХЦКвНТғ ҽЮ ЛШЫКНК
MЮСЭКЫКЦ вЮЫЭЛШЬСТЦТг ЭШЦШЧТНКЧ МСТqКЫТХРКЧ ―O„гЛОЛОФТЬЭШЧ RОЬpЮЛХТФКЬТНК
horijiy tillarni Ш‟ЫРКЧТЬСЧТ ШЦЦКХКЬСЭТЫТЬС ПКШХТвКЭТЧТ ЬТПКЭ УТСКЭНКЧ вКЧРТ
bosqichga olib chiqish chora-ЭКНЛТЫХКЫТ ЭШ‟Р‟ЫТЬТНК” qarorlari yoshlarga va
ФОХКУКФ КЯХШНРК ЛОЫТХКвШЭРКЧ ЮХФКЧ О‘ЭТЛШЫ ЧКЦЮЧКХКЫТНКЧ ЛТЫТНТЫғ MКгФЮЫ бКХqКЫШ
gid-tarjimon forumini ham aynan ushbu qarorning amaldagi ijrosi deb xisoblash
ЦЮЦФТЧ НОЛ Ш‘вХКвЦКЧғ
Bu sohadagi ishlarni izchil tus olganini institutimiz olimlari tomonidan
dunyoning hamda respublikaning bir qator yetakchi mutaxassislari bilan
hamkorlikda bugungiday forumlar tashkil qilinishi yosh gid-tarjimonlarning
ТЬСХКЫТЧТ вКЧКНК ЫТЯШУХКЧЭТЫТЬСНК, ЮХКЫРК ФШ‘ЦКФ ЛОЫТЬСНК ЦЮСТЦ ЛТЫ qКНКЦ ЛШ‘ХКНТ,
НОЛ Ш‘вХКвЦКЧғ SСЮ Ш‘ЫТЧНК ЭТХ, КНКЛТвШЭ ЯК ЭКЫУТЦК ЫТЯШУТНКРТ ЦЮСТЦ ЦКЬКХКХКЫ,
ЧШПТХШХШРТФ вШ‘ЧКХТЬСХКЫНК МСОЭ ЭТХТЧТ Ш‘qТЭТЬСЧТЧР ЬКЦКЫКНШЫХТРТЧТ ШЬСТЫТЬС вШ‘ХХКЫТ,
tarjimaning texnologiya, muhandislik va boshqa sohalardagi muhim vazifalari,
КФКНОЦТФ ХТЭЬОв, ЭОбЧТФЮЦ ЯК ЮЦЮЦЭК‘ХТЦ ЦКФЭКЛХКЫТНК МСОЭ ЭТХТЧТ Ш‘qТЭТЬСЧТЧР
Ш‘гТРК бШЬ УТСКЭХКЫТ ФКЛТ ЦКЬКХКХКЫЧТ ФШ‘ЫТЛ МСТqТХТЬСТ ЯК ПТФЫХКЫ КХЦКЬСТЧЮЯТ
bЮРЮЧРТ ФЮЧЧТЧР вЮЭЮР‘Т, НОЛ бТЬШЛХКвЦКЧғ

ҼЧУЮЦКЧ ЭКЬСФТХТв ЪШ‟ЦТЭКЬТұ

ғ ғMКЦЭФКЫТЦШЯ NamMTI rektori, f-m.f.d., professor;

ғ ғEЫРКЬСОЯ NКЦMTI ТХЦТв ЯК ТЧЧШЯКЭЬТвКХКЫ ЛШ‘вТМСК ЩЫШЫОФЭШЫТ,

k.f.d.,dotsent;
D.M.Xoshimova NamMTI ―CСОЭ ЭТllКr‖ kКПОНrКsТ mЮНТrТ П.П.Н.,
professor;
B.M. Xolmirzayev NamMTI ―CСОЭ ЭТllКr‖ kКПОНrКsТ НoЭsОnЭТ П.П.n.

S.M.Ҽ‟гКЦШЯ NamMTI ―Chet tillar‖ kКПОНrКsТ kКЭЭК o‘qТЭЮЯМСТsТ,

PhD
Xalqaro vakillar:
Islam Jemeni Al-FШЫШЛТв ЧШЦТНКРТ QШгШР‘ТЬЭШЧ MТХХТв ЮЧТЯОЫЬТЭОЭТ
professori, f.f.d.
Baterxan Baltabek Al-FШЫШЛТв ЧШЦТНКРТ QШгШР‘ТЬЭШЧ MТХХТв ЮЧТЯОЫЬТЭОЭТ
dotsenti, f.f.n.

TEXNIK MUHARRIR: SғҿғMШ„ЦТЧШЯ

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,
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1. Beveridge A.S. The Babar-Nama, JRAS, 1908, p. 18.

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THE USE OF LANGUAGES AMONG THE WORLD LANGUAGES

Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology

Teacher of English language
Mamadaliyeva Burayma Sabitaliyevna

ANNOTATION.
This article highlights genealogical classification of the Indo-European languages,
Modern Germanic languages, connection of the Introduction to Germanic
Philology with other linguistic disciplines Subject and Aims of the introduction to
Germanic Philology.
Keywords : Roman, german, classification, genes, different , European, proto ‫ش‬
Germanic , main stages, lexics, describe, approach.
A language can be considered from different angles. In studying Modern English.
We regard the language as fized in time and describe each linguistic level -
phonetics, grammar or lexics - synchronically, taxing no account of the origin of
present ‫ ش‬day features or their tendencies to change. The synchronic approach can
be contrasted to the diachronic. When considered diachronically, every linguistic
fact is interpreted as a stage or step in the never-ending evolution of language. In
practice the contrast between diachronic and synchronic study us not so marks as

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in theory. We commonly resort to history to explain current phenomena in

Modern English. In describing the evolution of language we can present it as a
series of synchronic crosssectional e.g. The English language of the age of
Shakespeare (16th-17th c) or the age of Chaucer (14th c).Through learning the
Germanic philology every student achieves a variety of aims, both theoretical and
practical.Since English belongs to the Germanic group of languages, it would be
natural to expect that it has many words or roots in common with cognate
Germanic languages: German, Swedish, Danish and others. You may find many
more words in Modern Englishexact parallels in the Romance language: French,
Latin, Spanish and others.English other Germanic languages Romance
languagesgive g. geben -sw. Giva peace g. Frieden Fr paix sw. Fred L. pace Dutch
- vrede It pace sp pazThe word - give - is of native, Germanic origin. The word -
peace- is borrowing from Romance languages. In present-day English the
proportion of Romance roots is higher than that of native roots.One more aim of
this course is to provide the student of English with a wider philological outlook.
The history of Germanic languages shows the place of Germanic philology in the
linguistic word, It reveals their ties and contacts with other related andunrelated
tongues. Another important aim of this course is of a more theoretical nature.
While tracing the evolution of Germanic languages through time, the student will
be confronted with a number of theoretical questions such as the relationship
between statics and dynamics in language, the role of linguistic and extralinguistic
factors, the interdependence of different processes in language history. These
problems may be considered on a theoretical plan within the scope of general
linguistics.
Modern linguistics has improved on the methods of comparative linguistic
research applied in the 19th century. In addition to external reconstruction which
was based on comparing different languages, the reconstruction studies history
from internal sourcesalone. This method is based on the assumption that every
language is a all organised and well balanced structure of elements. Therefore, it
among the productive systems there occur some smaller non-productive systems
one can surmise that they are relies of preceding stages of development. When
traced into the past, these systems often appear more numerous and more
productive, for example, modern plural forms like oxen, teeth isolated now, were
found in larger groups of nouns at an earlier period. It follows that the past history
of languages can also be reconstructed by considering their dialectal varieties,
since the dialects often preserve forms, words or pronunciations which have
become obsolete in the literary standard. Genealogical Classification of the Indo-
European languages.
There are more than 2700 languages to be found in the world today and all these
fall into linguistic groups which are part of linguistic family which may have
appeared indifferent parts of the globe. The Indo-European languages as a whole
are divided into major branches, in addition to which there are known to have
been others which dies out without learning any written records. The major
branches and their main representatives are as follows: 1. Indian group (the oldest

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form is Sanskrit). The main representatives of the Modern Indian languages

include Bengali, Marathi, Hindi, Gypsy and some others.2. Iranian group, which is
represented by such languages as Avestan or Zend (old form) the socalled Pahlavi
(the middle form) and Baluchi, Pushtre, Kurdish, Yagnobi, Ossetic and some other
modern languages. 3. Baltic group, which is divided into Lithuanian, the language
spoken by three million people, the old texts of which go back to the 16th century
and Lettish, spoken by two million people.4. The Slavonic languages, which are
divided into three large groups:
a) Eastern Slavonic where we find three languages: Russian, spoken by more than
122 million people. Ukrainian, spoken by some 40 million people. Byelorussian,
spoken by 9 million people. B) Southern Slavonic, which include: Bulgarian,
spoken by 7 million people;Serbo-Croatian, spoken by 12 million people;
Slovenian, spoken by 2 million people. 5. Germanic groups of languages.
Germanic languages are divided into three groups: a) North Germanic or
Scandinavian which includes Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic. The songs
of Edda written in Icelandic are important landmarks in world literature. B) West
Germanic with: 1) English, spoken today by about 2770 million people. 2) Frisian,
spoken in the provinces of Northern Netherlands, with their oldest literary sources
dating from the 14th century. 3) German, spoken by about 83 million people, with
two dialects - Low German and High German. 4) Dutch, spoken by 12 million
people. 5) Yiddish, now spoken by Jewish population. C) East Germanic which
has left no traces. The only representative of this group is Gothic, whose written
records have been preserved in the fragmentary translation of the Bible by the
Bishop Ulfila. 6. Italo-Celtic languages have two large groups: 1) Italic, the only
language of which has survived is Latin. Latin has developed into the Romance
languages: French, Italian with numerous dialects, Spanish, Portuguese,
Rumanian, Moldavian. 2) Celtic includes Irish, Scottish, Briton subgroup with
Breton, spoken in Wales.7. Greek, with numerous dialects, such as Doric, Ionic-
Attic, etc. The literature beginswith Homer‘ s poems the Iliad and the Odyssey,
dating from the 8th century BC.8. Armenian, spoken by three and a half million
people in Armenia and in many settlements of Armenians in Iran, Turkey, etc. 9.
Albanian, spoken by two million people in Albania.10. Tocharian dating from the
7th century AD.11. Hittite, which survives in cuneiform tablets recovered from
Boghazkoy in Anatolia, thesite of the capital of the ancient Hittite kingdom. The
Hittites or Hethites of the Biblemay have been the Indo Europeans (the Khatti
mentioned in Egyptian records). The interpretation of this language and its close
relation to Indo-European was announced by Bedrich Hrozny in
December 1915. Its discovery has raised many new and interesting problems.
Modern
Germanic Languages.
Languages can be classified according to different principles. The historical, or
genealogical classification, groups languages in accordance with their origin from
a common linguistic ancestor. Genetically, English, Geran belong to the Germanic
or teutonic group of languages, which is one of the twelve groups of the IE

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linguistic family. Most of the area of Europe and large parts of other continents
are occupied today by the IE languages, Germanic being one of their major
groups.
The Germanic languages in the modern world are as
follows:
1. English is spoken in Great Britain, Ireland, the USA, Canada, Australia, New
Zealand, the South African Republic and dominions. In India English is
considered a second official language.
2. German - in Germany, Austria, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, part of Switzerland.
3.Netherlands - in the Netherlands and Belgium, Flanders.
4. Afrikaans - in the South African Republic
5. Danish - in Denmark
6. Swedish - in Sweden and Finland
7. Norwegian - in Norway
8. Icelandic - in Iceland
9. Frisian - in some regions of the Netherlands and Germany
10.Faroese - in the Faroe islands
11.Yuddish - in different countries, spoken by Jewish population.
List of Germanic languages given in manuals and reference books differ in some
points, for the distinction between separate languages, and also between languages
and dialects varies.
It is difficult to estimate the number of people speaking Germanic languages. The
total number of people speaking Germanic languages approaches 440 million. All
the Germanic languages are related through their common origin and joint
development at the early stages of history will show where and when the
Germanic languages arose and acquired their common features and also how they
have developed into modern independent tongues. The connection of the
Introduction to Germanic philology with other linguistic disciplines. In studying
this course you find a number of peculiarities which appear unintelligible from the
modern point of view. These are found in the vocabulary and in the phonetic and
grammatical structure of the language.
In the sphere of vocabulary there is considerable likeness betten English and
German. For example, the German for winter is Winter, the German for summer is
Sommer, the German for sit is sitzen, etc. English has something in common with
French. For example, English autumn is automna in French, English river is
riviere in
French. These similarities are easily observed by anyone having some knowledge
of German and French. Similar facts are also found in the phonetic structure of the
language, for example, in pronunciation and selling. You may be faced with a
serried of phenomenon, which cannot e explained from the modern point of view.
Forinstance, why does the spelling ‗ea‗ indicate different sounds in the words
―speak, great, heard, heart, bear‖? This question can only be answered by resorting
to the history of language. Consequently, this course is also connected with

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disciplines studying present-day languages of Germanic, that is, with theoretical

phonetics, theoretical grammar and lexicology.
References:
Қғ ғ -
, ҚҰ3ү қғ
қғ ғ , ғ, ҚҰ5қ 3ғ
, ., 1980 4.
3.Morgan Dave. A short history of the British people, Leipzig, 1974 5.
4.Tursunov B. German filologiyasiga kirish, Samarqand, 2001
5ғ ғ ғ ғ, ҚҰ54

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,
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ў ў ғ ў
ў
ў ғ
ў ғ
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ғ ў
ў
ғ
, ў ғ ,
ў ғ
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ў , ў ў ў ,
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qШ‘ХХКЧТХТЬСТ. ...................................................................................................... 259

Yunusova Nilufar. Productivity of machine translation. .................................. 261
Yunusova Nilufar. The style transformation while translating into the target
language. ........................................................................................................... 263
Yunusova Nilufar. The culture of technical translation. .................................. 265
ғ ғ ғ ғ
« - »ғ ғғғғғғғғғғғғғғғғғғғғ 268
Axunbabayeva Nargiza. Machine translation effectiveness. ............................ 275
Axunbabayeva Nargiza. Technical translation consistent terminology. ........... 277
Tursunova Dilfuza. ―ҽШЛЮЫЧШЦК‖ ‫ ش‬is one of the best pieces the literary
beauty of poetry in world literature. ................................................................. 279
Mamadaliyeva Burayma. The use of languages among the world languages.
............................................................................................................................ 284
ғ ғ . ......... 288
ғ ғ ( )
ў ғ .................................................. 292
ғ ғ
ў . ..................................................................................... 296
ғ ғЎ ў . ................. 299
ғ . The problem of filling up blanks (gaps; Lacuna) in
ГғMғҽКЛКЫ‘Ь ―ҽКЛЮЫ-NКЦК‖. ............................................................................ 304
Ibragimov Shexrozbek. Roman Tarjimasida Tasviriy Vositalar Ifodasi.
............................................................................................................................ 311

Yunusova Nilufar. Modern information technology in english classrooms.

............................................................................................................................ 313
Yunusova Nilufar. Ability to develop english grammar in students. ............ 316
Abdullayeva Shahnoza. English pronunciation and spelling: problems and
difficulties. ........................................................................................................ 320
Abdullayeva Shahnoza. Qualities of being the best teacher. How to be a good
teacher. .............................................................................................................. 323
Abdullayeva Shahnoza. Pronunciation problems:a case study on english
pronunciation errors of low proficient students. ............................................... 328
Mamadaliyeva Burayma. How to correct mistakes in teaching english........... 330
Mamadaliyeva Burayma. Use of games in teaching English. ................... 332
Idrisalieva Lyubov. About different methods of teaching english. .................. 334
Idrisalieva Lyubov.
……………………………………………… 338
.
. ......................................................................................... 343
Otabayev Muzaffar. Principles of adult learning theory and implications for
learning and teaching. ....................................................................................... 348
Mamadaliyeva Burayma. OЩЭТЦКХ ЯКЫТКЧЭЬ ШП КМqЮТЬТЭТШЧ ЬЭЮНОЧЭЬ‘ 350
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