DEPARTMENT FOR CURRICULUM,

LIFELONG LEARNING AND EMPOLYABILITY

Directorate for Learning and Assessment Programmes
Educational Assessment Unit
Annual Examinations for Schools 2019

YEAR 10 EUROPEAN STUDIES MARKING SCHEME

PART I (Total 51 marks)

Candidates are to choose any THREE sections from Part I and answer all the questions in the chosen
section.

The answers in the marking scheme are just indicative and any other possible and valid answers are to
be accepted.

Question Mark Answer

Section 1 −
Power and
People
1a 2 The European Court of Human Rights is charged with supervising
the enforcement of the European Convention on Human Rights
which was drawn up by the Council of Europe.

b 1 This Court is based in Strasbourg, France.

c 4 The European Court of Human Rights is organised into five sections,

each with a judicial chamber. Each section has a President, a Vice
President and a number of judges. The Court’s 47 judges are selected
by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from a list
of applicants proposed by the Member States.

d 3 Any person, NGO or group of individuals claiming to be the victim

of a violation of any of the rights listed in the Convention can present
a case before the European Court of Human Rights. An application
can also be lodged by one or more of the contracting states.

e 3 The applicant must have availed himself, without success, of all legal
possibilities to have his right acknowledged which were available to
him on a national level.

2 4 Students are to list and explain TWO rights such as:

 The right to work
 The right to just conditions of work;
 The right to safe and healthy working conditions;
 The right to a fair remuneration;
 The right to bargain collectively;
 The right of children and young persons to protection.
Total: 17

European Studies – Marking Scheme – Year 10 – 2019 Page 1 of 7

 Section 2 −
Economic
Development
and Changes
in Europe
1a 1,1,1 Students can give THREE of the following examples or other
examples which are deemed to be relevant:
 Vodafone
 HSBC
 McDonalds
 IKEA
 Burger King
 Holiday Inn
b 10
 STMicroelectronics is one of the world’s largest
semiconductor companies;
 The ST group was formed in 1987 as a result of the merger
between SGS Microelettronica of Italy and Thomson
Semiconducteurs of France;
 In 1998 the company changed its name from SGS-
THOMSON to STMicroelectronics;
 The company is always growing and expanding its
manufacturing and distribution in Europe, North America and
the Asia-Pacific region. It has centres in France, Italy,
Switzerland, Malta, Morocco, USA, Singapore, Tokyo and
Malaysia. Its headquarters are found in Geneva;
 This company has a leading position in fields as varied as
discrete devices, camera modules for mobile phones and
automotive integrated circuits,
 It produces parts for computers and other digital equipment
such as mobile phones, cars, sound systems, DVD’s, TV’s,
digital cameras, webcams, ATM’s etc,
 Its customers are companies which produce the above items.
These include Alcatel, Ford, Motorola, Nokia, Philips and
Sony;
 STMicroelectronics tries to reduce its impact on the
environment by reducing consumption of water, energy,
paper and chemicals and by recycling waste;
 This company has received more than 100 awards and
accolades worldwide in the areas of both Quality and
Environmental Protection.
2a 2 the amount of timber that may be harvested through natural
regeneration, training given to foresters and by planting and sowing.

transport, electricity and communications which enables Europeans

b 2 to be closer together.
Total: 17

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 Section 3 –
Demographic
and Social
Realities
1 2,2,2 Ethnic minority
It is a group within a community which has different national or
cultural traditions from those of the majority of the population in that
country.

Rural depopulation
It is the process in which population density in rural areas decreases
overtime as a result of the migration of people to urban areas in search
of a higher quality of life and employment.

Counter-urbanisation
It is the demographic and social process whereby people move from
urban areas to rural areas.

2 9
3 1,1
Total: 17
Students can discuss the ethnic, linguistic and religious groups in any
European country.
i. Host countries are enriched by cultural diversity such as
different cuisines;
ii. Economic growth can be sustained.

Section 4 –
Europeans
and their
Environment
1. 9  The River Rhine spans across nine countries;
 It has experienced a variety of issues in the past including
navigation, pollution, high levels of salt, ecological
deterioration and flooding;
 Some of these issues continue to exist today;
 Pollution problems in the Rhine began during the 1850s due
to the increase of agricultural fertiliser runoff and industrial
wastes that were released into the river;
 As industrialisation progressed, more chemicals, metals and
organic compounds were discharged;
 The accumulation of these led to the decrease of fish
populations;
 Large amounts of domestic waste were disposed of in the
river;
 Because industries brought about such economic growth,
policymakers did not want to impose restrictions to the
amount of wastes generated by them;
 To make the problem worse, the Sandoz Accident in 1986
released toxic chemicals that affected over 400 km of the
river.

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 2 8 Farming
 Agriculture is highly dependent on specific climate
conditions;
 Farmers plant certain crops according to the expected amount
of rainfall and the length of the growing season;
 Scientific research has showed that our climate is changing;
 Therefore, when the weather does not follow the typical
climate patterns, it can result in hard times for farmers and
higher food costs for consumers;
 As global warming influences temperature and precipitation,
it will play an important role in what types and amounts of
crops can be produced;
 This will have a crucial effect on the world’s food supply and
determines what can be grown, how much can be grown and
where;
 Agriculture and livestock depend on the health and well-being
of soil conditions such as the presence and quality of organic
matter and availability of adequate moisture;
 If the progression of global warming upsets the balance of any
of these biophysical properties, agriculture and livestock will
be negatively affected.
Total: 17

Section 5 −
The Cultural
Heritage
1 8  The Beatles was an English rock band which was formed in
Liverpool in 1960;
 The members of the band included George Harrison, John
Lennon, Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr;
 The Beatles went through several additional members as well
as through several name changes;
 The Beatles utilised several genres of music;
 They began to be perceived by fans and cultural observers as
the expression of the ideals shared by the era’s sociocultural
revolutions;
 The Beatles gained popularity in the UK after their first hit
‘Love Me Do’ in late 1962;
 Other popular songs of this group are Hey Jude, Yesterday,
Don’t Let me Down and All You Need is Love;
 By 1964, they had become international stars;
 The Beatles remain one of the best-selling musical groups of
all times;
2 5  Dante Alighieri was a Florentine poet of the Middle Ages;
 His central work The Divine Comedy, which describes
Dante’s journey through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise, soon
became the cornerstone in the evolution of Italian as an
established literary language;

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  This epic poem is written mostly based on the regional dialect
of Tuscany, but with some elements of Latin and other
regional dialects which later on developed as the Italian
official language;
 For this reason, Dante is held to be the father of the Italian
language and is perceived as one of the greatest literary icons
of the Western world.
3 4  Caravaggio was born in Milan but during his lifetime he was
active in Rome, Naples, Malta and Sicily;
 He had to flee from Rome to Naples after killing a young man;
 After Naples, he came to Malta where he was given a warm
welcome by the Knights of St John;
 While in Malta, Caravaggio painted the Beheading of St John
the Baptist and St Jerome Writing;
 The Beheading of St John the Baptist is considered to be one
of his important works and is the only work to bear his
signature;
 This painting is dominated by the chiaroscuro effect.
Total: 17

PART II (Total 34 marks)

Answer any TWO questions in essay form.

Question Mark Answer

Section 1 − 17  The Basque Country is an autonomous community in
Power and Northern Spain;
People  The Basques are an ethnic group whose origins are quite
obscure;
 Their language is Euskera which is Europe’s oldest living
language. Nearly all Basques speak Spanish as well and
many speak English as a third language;
 The Basque conflict was an armed and political conflict
between Spain and the Basque National Liberation
Movement, a group of Basque organisations which sought
independence from Spain and France;
 The conflict took place mostly on Spanish soil;
 It had both political and military dimensions;
 Its participants included politicians and political activists
from both sides;
 The separatist organisation Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA),
which was founded in 1959, launched a campaign of attacks
against Spanish administration;
 This group used terrorism in its campaign for an independent
Basque state, although to a smaller degree it was also present
in France;
 ETA’s violence was met by increasingly effective
counterterrorism efforts by Spanish and French security
forces;

European Studies – Marking Scheme – Year 10 – 2019 Page 5 of 7

  Three attempts were made to arrive at a political solution;
 ETA’s violence finally ended in 2011;
 It was the longest running violent conflict in modern Western
Europe.
Section 2 − 17  Rotterdam is a city and municipality in the Netherlands;
Economic  The port of Rotterdam is the largest and busiest port in
Development Europe;
and Changes in  It is found next to the channel of the River Rhine and this
Europe makes it easier for industries nearby to transport their goods
through Rotterdam;
 Rotterdam port is a sheltered harbour that could easily be
deepened with room for expansion;
 It began to grow as a port in the 19th century with the opening
of a direct link between the city and the North Sea;
 In the port of Rotterdam, hundreds of millions of tonnes of
cargo are handled on an annual basis;
 It is the largest container port in Europe. Even the largest
vessels can enter the port regularly thanks to the large depth
and the lack of restrictions from tides or locks;
 The port’s main activities are petrochemical industries,
general cargo handling and transshipment;
 Rotterdam is fully mechanised as a storage and distribution
centre for Europe for ores, grain, coal fertiliser and other dry
bulk goods;
 The port area is constantly in development, maintaining
Rotterdam’s position as the world’s leading port.
Section 3 − 17  The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century led to the mass
Demographic production of goods, resulting in greatly decreased costs of
and Social these manufactured goods and an improvement in the living
Realities conditions of people due to the availability of affordable
consumer goods;
 This, in turn, led to a huge requirement for people to work in
factories;
 Mass migration of people from rural areas to the cities took
place, resulting in urbanisation;
 Urbanisation is the process by which towns and cities are
formed and become larger as more people move to cities for
work;
 Despite the growth in wealth and industry, urbanisation had
some negative effects;
 The rate of growth was so rapid that city services could not
keep pace;
 Working-class neighbourhoods were crowded, dirty and
polluted
 There was lack of sanitation, high rates of disease, poverty
and high rates of crime;
 Heavy use of coal led to accumulations of dirt and grime,
there was accumulation of sewage and other types of noise,
air and land pollution.

Page 6 of 7 European Studies – Marking Scheme – Year 10 – 2019

 Section 4 − 17  Physical activity and sports are essential for the health and
Europeans and development of the person;
their  Physical activity is a strong means for the prevention of
Environment diseases;
 The positive, direct effects of engaging in regular physical
activity and sports are particularly apparent in the prevention
of several chronic diseases which include obesity,
osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and
hypertension;
 Physical exercise may also play a therapeutic role in
addressing a number of psychological disorders;
 It greatly improves a person’s mood as well as his or her
mental health;
 Regular physical activity and sports using large muscle
groups such as walking, running or swimming produces
cardiovascular adaptations that increase exercise capacity,
endurance and skeletal muscle strength;
 Regular physical activity also helps to control weight and
increases a person’s chance of living longer;
 Remaining physically active can enhance functional capacity
among older people and can help to maintain quality of life
and independence.
Section 5 − 17  One Direction is a UK-Irish boy group;
Cultural  It originally consisted of five members – Liam Payne, Louis
Heritage Tomlinson, Niall Horan, Harry Styles and Zayn Malik. Malik
announced that he was to leave the group in March, 2015;
 One Direction’s first single, What Makes You Beautiful, was
released in September, 2011and was the fastest selling single
of the year;
 Shortly after, the band released their second single Gotta Be
You, followed by their album Up All Night. This album was
propelled to international success by social media;
 Other popular singles released by the band are Live While
We’re Young, Best Song Ever, Story of My Life and Drag Me
Down;
 The group has received numerous accolades including seven
Brit Awards and four MTV Video Music Awards;
 They also received the title of Global Recording Artist of
2013 and were ranked as the fourth highest earning celebrities
in the world in 2015;
 Their third album Midnight Memories was the best-selling
album worldwide in 2013;
 The boy band have a huge following both in their own
countries and on an international level;
 The band has been on a break since January 2016, creating
successful solo careers.

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