USAR ESSA IDEIA PARA FALAR SOBRE CHANEL: F.

Scott Fitzgerald
was an artist literally caught between two worlds, caught between his
genius as a writer and his self-doubt and inability to express that genius in
screenplay form.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcsuTGfHVYE Simone
Touseau (partie 1)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TVHrmYo0Fs Simone
Touseau (partie 2)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GPS1x0WX2E vídeo original em Frances com a tradução

abaixo. Eu fiz o downloda. Fotos de Robert Cappa

CHANEL TIMELINE MELHORAR:

1939: With the outbreak of World War II, Coco Chanel shuts down her couture house.

1941: Chanel begins an affair with German officer Hans Günther von Dincklage and becomes
involved in a romantic relationship with him.

1943: Chanel moves to the Ritz Hotel in Paris, where she resides throughout the war.

1944: Chanel is questioned by the Free French Purge Committee about her connections with
German officers but is released.

1945: At the end of World War II, Chanel is briefly arrested and questioned by French
authorities but is ultimately released due to lack of evidence.
SIMONE TIMELINE:

16/08/1944 Foto famosa foi tirade

The woman trimmed in the picture is Simone Touseau, a 23-year-old Chartraine and the baby
she is holding in her arms is her daughter Catherine, born a few months earlier in her
relationship with a German soldier, Erich Goz.

This picture became iconic of the wild purge enacted after France was liberated, and the severe
punishment imposed on the French women accused of so-called horizontal collaboration with
the German occupiers.

A week after the liberation of Paris, women deemed as collaborators of the Nazi regime,
especially those who had been romantically or sexually involved with German men, were being
punished in France with head shaving and were often paraded through the streets as a way of
humiliation, before usually being sent to jail. The picture depicts one of these women, Simone
Touseau, 23 years old, who had been a translator working for the Germans and was in a
relationship with a German soldier since 1941, and who bore him a daughter, still a baby when
the event took place. She was also accused of denouncing neighbours, who ended up being
deported, which she denied. The picture depicts her, carrying her daughter on her arms, after
the humiliating head shaving had taken place and her forehead had been branded with a red-
hot iron as a sign of collaborationism, while she is being paraded in the streets of Chartres,
followed by a number of people, including women, children and policemen. Her father (George
Touseau) walks ahead, carrying a bag, while her mother (Germaine), who also suffered the
same punishment, is partially covered by him.

Juventude

The young woman was born in 1921 in Chartres, daughter of a couple who held a cream shop-
posesonnerie that collapsed in the 1930s from the Great Depression. She received a
conservative Catholic education. His parents are not politicized but they are not experiencing
their downgrading (his father becomes maneuvered). Strung by the frustration and hatred of
the Popular Front, his parents developed openly far-right ideas (anti-Shims, anti-English). She
was educated at a Catholic school, a brilliant student but she did not experience the
bankruptcy in 1935 of the family business and the social degradation of her family She was
noticed before the war by her fascist ideas, drawing swastikas on her notebooks and telling her
comrades that "France also needed a Hitler", Nazism being a model of economic recovery. She
passed her baccalaureate in 1941 at a time when only 5% of girls passed it.

Collaboration

Having learned German, she applied just after her baccalaureate for a post of secretary-
translator at the Kommandantur de Chartres where she was hired and assigned to the Marceau
barracks. She quickly became acquainted with a German soldier, Erich Goz, then aged 32.
Coming from the Protestant bourgeoisie of Konzelsau, a small town in Baden-Wurttemberg in
southwestern Germany, he worked as a pre-war librarian after studying humanities. In
Chartres, he was in charge of the bookshop of the German army9. According to Gérard Leray
who investigated Simone Touseau and the family of Erich Giz, he kept his distance from
National Socialism The two nevertheless fall in love and begin an unhidden relationship: they
appear together in the streets of the city and Goz goes to All Waters on a daily basis.
Simone Touseau also linked to this period with Ella Amerzin-Meyer, a 10-year-old German-
speaking Swissman, who settled in Chartres following her marriage to Georges Meyer, a French
pilot, hero of the First World War. She had frequented the Germans as soon as they arrived in
Chartres and had divorced her husband. She serves as their interpreter and works for Sipo-SD,
the German security and intelligence police (whose Gestapo is a part), translating or even
participating in interrogations of detainees. She proposed that Simone should replace her
during her maternity leave, her position being better paid than Simone held at the Marceau
barracks.

In the autumn of 1942, he was transferred to the Eastern Front. He then began, via a comrade
who remained in Chartres, a correspondence with Simone. In the spring of 1943, Simone
joined the French People's Party, the collaborationist party of Jacques Doriot8. Injured that
year, he was hospitalized in Munich. Simone then applied to the STO, and managed to be sent
to the STO, to work at BMW9. She then regularly visits Gz and meets her family once She
became pregnant with him, and Erich Guz then wished to recognize the child 10and married
Simone, but he faced the refusal of the German administration, which viewed this type of
relationship with foreign workers a negative light. When her pregnancy became visible, Simone
Touseau was sent back to France in November9, where her father failed to kill her for salvaging
the honor. She gave birth on 23 May 1944 a little girl named Catherine He was sent back to the
Eastern Front, where he died in July 1944 near Minsk in Belarus.

Post War

A few days after being mowed and exposed to popular vindictiveness, Simone Touseau and his
mother Germaine were accused of having denounced five inhabitants of their district of the
rue de Beauvais where Simone lived with his parents. On the night of 24–25 February 1943, the
Sipo-SD arrested five heads of households and accused them of being “enemy of Germany”
and listening to the BBC. Deported at Mauthausen camp in Austria, two will die there. On 6
September, the two women were incarcerated in Chartres prison and then at the Pithiviers
camp in the Loiret8. George Touseau, described as a brave man who does not know how to
hold the wives of his house, is left free him well as Annette, Simone's eldest sister. But the four
family members are charged with “infringing the external security of the State”, a crime
punishable by the death penalty. On 1 March 1945, Simone and her mother were brought back
to Chartres for their trial8. Their lawyer, the skilful Claude Gerbet, hangs out the proceedings
until the spring 1946. However, from 15 January 1946, judgements were no longer handed
down to Chartres but to Paris, where judgements would be more lenient In Chartres, the
Special Court and the Civic Chamber convicted 162 persons, 7 of whom were killed for
collaborative acts. The Touseau case was therefore transferred to a Parisian court. Simone
Touseau defends herself by accusing her former friend, Ella Amerzin-Meyer, explaining that she
had told him: "I am very pleased because I am rid of these people who will no longer call me
spy or boche Ella Amerzin-Meyer had fled Chartres with the Germans on 15 August 1944. After
a long education, on 26 November 1946 the court noted the inadequacy of charges and
acquitted the two women then held at the Roquette prison in Paris and who were released the
following day8. It was during his incarceration that Simone Touseau learned of the death of
Erich . Although free, she was brought before a civic chamber and on 8 March 1947 she was
sentenced to 10 years in national indignity, but the court waived it from the denial.
The Touseau family nevertheless left Chartres and moved 40 km kmaway, in Saint-Arnoult-en-
Yvelines. Simone found a job in a pharmacy, married in November 1954 to an accountant with
whom she had two children. In the 1950s, she traveled several times with her first child to
Konzelsau, see the Gz family His visits and past eventually became known in Saint-Arnoult. She
will then lose her job, her family breaks and she sinks into alcohol and depression7. She died in
1966, at the age of 44. The girl she had with Erich Goz drew a line on this past that she refused
to talk about later She told a journalist she agreed to talk to in the early 2010s that she had
destroyed the photos and letters of correspondence between her mother and Erich Gz and had
kept her children in ignorance of the past

The videos and pictures are striking. The images of French women targeted as collaborators
with their heads shaven in public disgrace after the liberation of Paris. Maybe some women
were collaborating with the enemy because they had the same beliefs, some did for necessity
and that they want to help their families, but many others did it just for love. I am not arguing
for or against the reasons.

Simone Touseau undoubtedly participates in the collaboration. But there is much more serious.
The rumor accuses her of being a whistleblower. She is the cause of a raid in Chartres, in the
district of the Rue de Beauvais, where she lives with her parents. On the night of 24 to 25
February 1943, five heads of household were arrested by the Sipo-SD, the German Security
Police. Accused of being “enemy of Germany” and listening to the BBC, they are deported to
Mauthausen, Austria. Only two of them will return. When they returned, they will be told that
it was Simone Touseau, the neighbour who worked for the Germans, who denounced them.
They will remain convinced of this.

The historian Gérard Leray recognized another woman in the photo from East Germany. Ella
Amerzin-Meyer. Born in German-speaking Switzerland on 22 August 1911, perfectly bilingual,
she arrived in Chartres following her marriage to a French pilot, Captain Georges Meyer, hero
of the First World War, from whom she has just divorced. She collects lovers, which she has no
difficulty finding in her professional environment. She is also an interpreter, but for the famous
Sipo-SD. When tracking down to “terrorists”, she translated the interrogations of the resistance
fighters, who were sometimes tortured. "The rumor was that she was the commander's
mistress," said one of them. Beautiful, brown, thin, a pretty face and a pretty silhouette, she
was a little chicken. She showed me generously her thighs throughout the interview. In the
summer of 1942, Simone Touseau and Ella Amerzin are friends. La Française has been working
for the Germans since August 1941 but, at the Marceau barracks, she is poorly paid.

The justice of the purification is a justice system of exception. In Chartres, its two
courts, the special court and the Civic Chamber, convicted 162 persons, including 7 to
death, and handed down 278 sentences of national indignity, i.e. prohibitions on voting
but also on the exercise of many professions. From 16 January 1946, all judgements –
now less severe – will be rendered in Paris. For Simone, the instruction is long. She
defends herself: "I or my mother did not denounce the neighbours, it was Ella Meyer.
She once said to us, "I'm very happy because I'm getting rid of these people who won't
call me any more spies or boche." Simone and her mother were released on 29
November 1946. The following year, Simone was given ten years of national indignity,
but the court exempted the ban from residence.
Ella Meyer has long since fled. On 15 August 1944, she left for Germany, her daughter
Erika under her arm. A warrant was issued against her and, on 28 February 1946, she
was arrested by British military security. But the French authorities were not informed
of it and, on 21 July 1947, it was in absentia that the Seine Court of Justice sentenced
her to death and to confiscating her property for "intelligent with the enemy". This is the
most perilous moment of her life: Ella is extradited from Germany, transferred to Paris
where she is imprisoned on 27 September 1947 at the Chaquette prison. She was
sentenced on 29 April 1950 by the Court of Justice of the Seine to hard labour for life.
A month later, the judgement was annulled. The court recognized an unstoppable legal
argument: Ella could not be condemned for intelligence with the enemy, since on 30
May 1944 she was the enemy, having opted for German nationality. The court of justice
declared itself incompetent and released.

Indeed, she could not be condemned for "intelligent with the enemy" because she had
taken German nationality in May 19447. She was released and returned to live in
Germany, where she lived a hundred-year-old in the Hanover region.

And that what happened to Simone Touseau in Chartes on August 18, 1944 happened to
a conservatively estimated 20,000 other women in France alone (and I say this is a
conservative number because it is estimated that over 80,000 French children were
fathered by the Wehrmacht during the four years of the French occupation).

https://www.pinterest.com/harry2843/ww-ll-nazi-collaborators/ muitas imagens

Sources (coloque apenas os livros):

“ La Tondue” author: Philippe Fretigne

https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Societe/La-veritable-histoire-de-la-tondue-de-
Chartres-583028

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Tondue_de_Chartres

https://www.academia.edu/192024/
History_Memory_and_Trauma_in_Photography_of_the_Tondues_visuality_of_the_Vic
hy_past_through_the_silent_image_of_women essse ée parra fazer aalgo maais
detaallhhado sobree Simmone sozinha.. Para o Braasill talvez.

In 1925 Simone’s parents bought a creamery in downtown and things were good, but in 1936
it started to decline, still suffering from the depression. For Simone parents the great
depression was a disaster! They lost everything and started feeling betrayed by the
government.

Simone was a bright student and the teachers encouraged her parents to continue financing
her studies. They did it, despite their financial difficulties. Simone was now 15 and the young
people were fascinated by the ideologies of the national socialist party because, in their view, it
had implanted in Germany a model of economic recovery. They saw it as an opportunity to
restore dignity for all those who have been ruined by the 1930 crisis.

After France was occupied by the Germans, the French watched as the Germans imposed
restrictions, looted the best products from the land, requested the best tables and their most
comfortable homes. Collaboration allowed people to improve their daily lives, with that being
the safest way to get supplies in this period of food shortage, but this generated anger in
those who suffered from restrictions.

The relationships between Germans and French were prohibited by the German authorities
and by the Vichy, part of the France that collaborated with the Germans. In 1943 there were
a political party (French Popular Party) that asked for more collaboration with the occupier
because that was the way to destroy the bolshevism

She was accused of horizontal collaboration, in other words “sleeping with the enemy”. The
baby in the photo was 3 months old. Judging by some of the faces in photo we a assume they
saw fairness in the punishment given because of the almost 4 years of suffering under the
Germans.

In the days that followed that photo Simone would be accused of a more serious crime (worse
than sleeping with a German soldier): she, and her mother, were accused of having denounced
five families in their neighborhood for having listened to English radio. These neighbors were
sent to a concentration camp…only two survived. The mother and daughter were questioned
by a commissioner who was a former collaborator himself. He had to be harder on them trying
to erase his past. They were then sent to prison and stayed there for 18 months until the trial.
They ended up being acquitted because there were no proof of that crime, but Simone still had
to answer for sleeping with a German soldier. For the horizontal collaboration she was found
guilty and lost the possibility of working in the public sector, couldn’t have most jobs, and
wouldn’t have the right to vote.

She had to leave town because people didn’t forgive her and to find aa job.

In November 1954 Simone remarried and had two children. The other workers of the
pharmacy she was working on found out she was a collaborator and she losses her job, enters
in depression, start drinking and her husband leave her taking their kids. She dies in 1966,
poor and alone in the same place where she gave birth to the daughter in the photo.

In June 1940 the German army entered Paris. A new government was soon set up inn Vichy
and reached agreements with the German military command. It was the start of collaboration.
Many French people, especially women, worked for Germans. German soldiers were under
orders to respect the local population. The births of illegitimate children rose significantly
during the occupation and, to cover this up, the government passed a law allowing women
to give birth anonymously, giving up their babies, often in a Covent.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImTNQr6eSlA até os 16:50 tem os testemunhos que

preciso.

CHANEL

Certain lives are at once so exceptional, and yet so in step with their historical moments, that
they illuminate cultural forces far beyond the scope of a single person. Such is the case with
Coco Chanel, whose life offers one of the most fascinating tales of the twentieth century—
throwing into dramatic relief an era of war, fashion, ardent nationalism, and earth-shaking
change—here brilliantly treated, for the first time, with wide-ranging and incisive historical
scrutiny.

Coco Chanel transformed forever the way women dressed. Her influence remains so pervasive
that to this day we can see her afterimage a dozen times while just walking down a single
street: in all the little black dresses, flat shoes, costume jewelry, cardigan sweaters, and
tortoiseshell eyeglasses on women of every age and background. A bottle of Chanel No. 5
perfume is sold every three seconds. Arguably, no other individual has had a deeper impact on
the visual aesthetic of the world. But how did a poor orphan become a global icon of both
luxury and everyday style? How did she develop such vast, undying influence? And what does
our ongoing love of all things Chanel tell us about ourselves? These are the mysteries that
Rhonda K. Garelick unravels in Mademoiselle.

Raised in rural poverty and orphaned early, the young Chanel supported herself as best she
could. Then, as an uneducated nineteen-year-old café singer, she attracted the attention of a
wealthy and powerful admirer and parlayed his support into her own hat design business. For
the rest of Chanel’s life, the professional, personal, and political were interwoven; her lovers
included diplomat Boy Capel; composer Igor Stravinsky; Romanov heir Grand Duke Dmitri;
Hugh Grosvenor, the Duke of Westminster; poet Pierre Reverdy; a Nazi officer; and several
women as well. For all that, she was profoundly alone, her romantic life relentlessly plagued by
abandonment and tragedy.

Chanel’s ambitions and accomplishments were unparalleled. Her hat shop evolved into a
clothing empire. She became a noted theatrical and film costume designer, collaborating with
the likes of Pablo Picasso, Jean Cocteau, and Luchino Visconti. The genius of Coco Chanel,
Garelick shows, lay in the way she absorbed the zeitgeist, reflecting it back to the world in her
designs and in what Garelick calls “wearable personality”—the irresistible and contagious style
infused with both world history and Chanel’s nearly unbelievable life saga. By age forty, Chanel
had become a multimillionaire and a household name, and her Chanel Corporation is still the
highest-earning privately owned luxury goods manufacturer in the world.

Paris sinks under the iron fist of German rule. Chanel -- a woman made of sparkling granite --
will do anything to survive. She will even agree to collaborate with the Nazis in order to protect
her darkest secrets. When she is covertly recruited by Germany to spy for the Reich, she
becomes Agent F-7124, code name: Westminster. But why? And to what lengths will she go to
keep her stormy past from haunting her future?