Supplementary Table S1.

Trials that have evaluated Kidney Failure endpoints

ID Year
Trial Population Intervention n
# Published
1 Ponticelli [S1] 1989 Membranous Corticosteroids and chlorambucil vs placebo 81
2 Ponticelli [S2] 1992 Membranous CS vs CS + chlorambucil 92
3 Zucchelli [S3] 1992 CKD, no diabetes nifedipine vs captopril 121
4 Captopril [S4] 1993 diabetes type 1, CKD ACE inhibitor, placebo 409
5 MDRD [S5] 1994 CKD very low protein diet, low BP 840
6 Hanndouche [S6] 1994 CKD, no diabetes ACEi vs beta blocker, open label 100
7 Donadio [S7] 1994 IgA fish oil vs placebo 106
8 AIPRI [S8] 1996 CKD ACEi vs placebo 583
9 REIN [S9] 1997 CKD, no diabetes ACE inhibitor vs placebo 352
10 Ponticelli [S10] 1998 Membranous CS + chlorambucil vs CS + IV cyclophosphamide 97
REIN stratum 1
11 1999 CKD, no diabetes ACEi vs placebo 186
[S11]
12 IDNT [S12] 2001 diabetes type 2, CKD ARB, amlodipine, placebo 1715
13 RENAAL [S13] 2001 diabetes type 2, CKD ARB, placebo 1513
14 Donadio [S14] 2001 IgA fish oil high dose vs low dose 73
15 AASK [S15] 2002 CKD ACE inhibitor, beta blocker, alpha blocker, amlodipine 1094
16 Katafuchi [S16] 2003 IgA randomized to low dose CS or nothing. Open label. 90
17 Maes [S17] 2004 IgA MMF vs placebo 34
18 Frisch [S18] 2005 IgA MMF vs placebo 32
19 Chan [S19] 2005 Lupus nephritis MMF vs Cyclophosphamide-azathioprine 64
20 REIN2 [S20] 2005 CKD, no diabetes conventional (DBP <90) vs intensified BP (<130/80) 338
21 Ponticelli [S21] 2006 Membranous Methylpredisone + cytotoxic vs IM ACTH 32
22 Hou [S22] 2006 CKD, no diabetes ACE inhibitor vs placebo 422
23 HKVIN [S23] 2006 IgA ARB vs placebo 109
24 CREATE [S24] 2006 CKD partial vs complete correction of anemia with epo beta 603
25 CHOIR [S25] 2006 CKD partial vs complete correction of anemia with epo alpha 1432
26 Praga [S26] 2007 Membranous Tacrolimus or nothing, open label 48

1
ID Year
Trial Population Intervention n
# Published
27 ROAD [S27] 2007 CKD, no diabetes conventional vs uptitrated doses of ACEi/ARBs 360
28 HOST [S28] 2007 CKD vitamins vs placebo to lower homocysteine 1305
29 ADVANCE [S29] 2008 diabetes type 2 standard vs intensive glucose control 11140
30 ONTARGET [S30] 2008 diabetes type 2 ACEi vs ARB vs combination 25620
31 TREAT [S31] 2009 diabetes type 2, CKD darbepoietin, placebo 4038
32 CAP-KD [S32] 2009 CKD carbon adsorbent, AST-120 vs placebo 460
33 Manno [S33] 2009 IgA CS + ACEi vs ACEi alone, open label 97
de Brito-Ashurst
34 2009 CKD sodium bicarbonate vs controls, open label 134
[S34]
35 Pozzi [S35] 2010 IgA CS + AZA vs CS alone 207
36 Goicoechea [S36] 2010 CKD allopurinol vs nothing, open label 113
37 ASCEND [S37] 2010 diabetes type 2, CKD endothelin receptor antagonist vs placebo 1392
38 SHARP [S38] 2011 CKD statin-ezetimibe, placebo 9270
39 ORIENT [S39] 2011 diabetes type 2, CKD ARB vs placebo in ACE I treated patients 577
nurse-coordinated team including nephrologist vs general
40 Barrett [S40] 2011 CKD 474
practitioner
41 TEMPO [S41] 2012 ADPKD tolvaptan vs placebo 1445
42 ALTITUDE [S42] 2012 diabetes type 2 direct renin inhibitor + ARB/ACE i vs ARB/ACE i 8561
Sun-MACRO
43 2012 diabetes type 2, CKD sulodexide vs placebo 1248
[S43]
44 BEACON [S44] 2013 diabetes type 2, CKD NRF2 activator (bardoxolone), placebo 2185
45 Pozzi [S45] 2013 IgA CS + AZA vs CS alone 46
VA NEPHRON D
46 2013 diabetes type 2, CKD ARB vs ARB + ACEi 1448
[S46]
47 EPPIC1 [S47] 2014 CKD carbon adsorbent, AST-120 vs placebo 1020
48 EPPIC2 [S47] 2014 CKD carbon adsorbent, AST-120 vs placebo 1015
49 HALT-PKD [S48] 2014 ADPKD ACE inhibitor + ARB vs ACE inhibitor alone 486
MASTERPLAN Nurse practitioner aided strict CKD guideline implementation vs
50 2014 CKD 788
[S49] usual care
51 PREDIAN [S50] 2015 diabetes type 2, CKD pentoxifylline vs control, open label 169

2
 ID Year
Trial Population Intervention n
# Published
EMPAREG
52 2016 diabetes type 2 SGLT2 inhibitor vs placebo 6185
OUTCOME [S51]
53 TESTING [S52] 2017 IgA Corticosteroids vs placebo 262
54 LEADER [S53] 2017 diabetes type 2 GLP-1 RA vs placebo 9340
55 CANVAS [S54] 2017 diabetes type 2 SGLT2 vs placebo 10142
DECLARE TIMI 58
56 2019 diabetes type 2 SGLT2 vs placebo 17160
[S55]
CARMELINA
57 2019 diabetes type 2 DPP4 inhibitor, placebo 6979
[S56]
58 SONAR [S57] 2019 diabetes type 2, CKD endothelin receptor antagonist vs placebo 2648
59 CREDENCE [S58] 2019 diabetes type 2, CKD SGLT2 inhibitor vs placebo 4401
FIDELIO-DKD
60 ongoing diabetes type 2, CKD non-steroidal MRA vs placebo 5674
[S59]
FIGARO-DKD
61 ongoing diabetes type 2 non-steroidal MRA vs placebo 7354
[S60]
EMPA-KIDNEY
62 ongoing CKD SGLT2 inhibitor vs placebo 5000
[S61]
63 AYAME [S62] ongoing CKD NRF2 activator (bardoxolone) vs placebo 1323
64 FLOW ongoing diabetes type 2, CKD GLP-1 RA vs placebo (NCT03819153) 3160
ID = identification; # = number; n = number of participants; CS = corticosteroids; CKD = chronic kidney disease; ACE = angiotensin-converting-
enzyme; BP = blood pressure; ACEi = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; IgA = immunoglobulin A; IV = intravenous; ARB = angiotensin-
II-receptor blocker; MMF = Mycophenolate mofetil; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; IM = intramuscular; ACTH = Adrenocorticotropic Hormone;
epo = erythropoietin; AST-120 = KREMEZIN® (drug name); AZA = azathioprine; ADPKD = Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease;
SGLT2 = sodium–glucose cotransporter 2; GLP-1 RA = glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; DPP4 = dipeptidyl peptidase 4; MRA =
mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist; NRF2 = nuclear 1 factor (erythroid-derived 2)–related factor 2

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