2021 - 2011 Maths Standard 2 HSC Qs by Topic (1)

Mathematics Standard 2 HSC Examinations by Topics compiled by projectmaths.com.
au page
Page
1 1
MATHEMATICS STANDARD 2 v2022.1
HSC Exam* Questions by Topic Licensed

from NESA
2021 - 2011
Year 11 Course Year 12 Course Complete
Papers
Algebra Algebra 2021 HSC
A1: Formulae and equations A4.1: Simultaneous Linear Equations 2020 HSC
A2: Linear relationships A4.2: Non-linear relationships 2019 HSC
Measurement Measurement
Question
M1.1: Practicalities of measuring M6: Non-right-angled trigonometry Difficulty
M1.2: Perimeter, area and volume M7: Rates and ratio Easy
M1.3: Units of energy and mass Financial Mathematics
M2: Working with time Mid-range
F4.1: Investments
Financial Mathematics F4.2: Depreciation and loans
Difficult
F1.1: Interest and depreciation F5: Annuities
F1.2: Earning & managing money
Statistical Analysis
F1.3: Budgeting & household expenses
S4: Bivariate data analysis
Statistics Analysis S5: The normal distribution
S1.1: Classifying & representing data
Networks
S1.2: Summary Statistics ·
N2.1: Network concepts

S2: Relative frequency & probability
N2.2: Shortest paths
N3: Critical path analysis
-
Mathematics Standard 2 Reference Sheet (2021 HSC)
HSC Examination Papers Mathematics

Questions by Topic from … Advanced (2020, 2021), Mathematics
Standard 2 (2019 - 2021), Mathematics
• 2021 – 2019 Mathematics Standard 2 HSC General 2 (including Maths General from
2017-2018); Mathematics (2017-2019),
• Mathematics Standard 2 Sample exam questions [SQ] (2019) Mathematics Extension 1 (2017-2021), and
Mathematics Standard 1 (2019 - 2021) ©
• Selected NESA Topic Guidance questions [TG] (2018) NSW Education Standards Authority for and
on behalf of the Crown in right of the state of
• 2014 – 2018 Mathematics General 2 HSCs (eg 17 MG) New South Wales.
• Mathematics General 2 Specimen HSC Paper [SP] (2014)

• 2011 – 2013 General Mathematics HSCs
HSC Standard 2, Gen Maths and Maths Gen 2 © NSW Education Standards Authority for and on behalf of the Crown in right of State of NSW
Mathematics Standard 2 HSC Examinations by Topics compiled by projectmaths.com.au page
Page
2 2
Year 11: MS – A1: Algebra

F1.1 Formulae and equations Back
Syllabus: updated November 2019. Latest version @

https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/11-12/stage-6-learning-areas/stage-6-mathematics/mathematics-standard-2017
Reference
Sheet
21 6 b 1 Solution
MS Suppose a = , where b = 22.
7
2
What is the value of a, correct to three significant figures?
A. 3.14 B. 3.15 C. 3.142 D. 3.143
NESA 2021 Mathematics Standard 2 HSC Examination
21 9 A student is thinking of a number. Let the number be x. When the student 1 Solution
MS subtracts 8 from this number and multiplies the result by 3, the answer is 2 more
2
than x.
Which equation can be used to find x?
A. 3(x − 8) = 2x B. 3x − 8 = 2x
C. 3(x − 8) = x + 2 D. 3x − 8 = x + 2
Page
3 3
21 29 x −1 2 Solution
Solve x + = 9.
MS 2
2
COMMON QUESTION: NESA 2021 Mathematics Standard 2 and Advanced HSC Examinations
20 13 When Jake stops drinking alcohol at 10:30 pm, he has a blood alcohol content 1 Solution
MS (BAC) of 0.0835. The number of hours required for a person to reach zero BAC
2
BAC
after they stop consuming alcohol is given by the formula Time = .
0.015
At what time on the next day should Jake expect his BAC to be 0.05?
A. 12:45 am B. 1:50 am C. 2:15 am D. 4:05 am
19 11 Which of the following correctly expresses y as the subject of the formula 1 Solution
MS 3x – 4y – 1 = 0?
2
3 3 3x − 1 3x + 1
A. y = x–1 B. y = x+1 C. y = D. y =
4 4 4 4
19 28 The formula below is used to calculate an estimate for blood 4 Solution
MS alcohol content (BAC) for females.
2
10N − 7.5H
BACFemale =
5.5M
The number of hours required for a person to reach zero BAC
after they stop consuming alcohol is given by the following
formula.
BAC
Time =
0.015
The number of standard drinks in a glass of wine and a glass
of spirits is shown.
Hannah weighs 60 kg. She consumed 3 glasses of wine and
4 glasses of spirits between 6:15 pm and 12:30 am the following day. She then
stopped drinking alcohol. Using the given formulae, calculate the time in the
morning when Hannah’s BAC should reach zero.
SQ AL What is the solution to the equation 6x = 3x + 9? 1 Solution
MS 1 A. 0.2 B. 1 C. 3 D. 4.5
2 Band
2-3
NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Sample examination materials
SQ AL 5 1 Solution
MS The formula C = (F – 32) is used to convert temperatures between degrees
2 9
2 Band
2-3 Fahrenheit (F) and degrees Celsius (C).
Which of the following is the equivalent of 50oF in Celsius?
A. –4oC B. 10oC C. 46oC D. 122oC
SQ AL a + 15 1 Solution
MS If m = and a = 3, what is the value of m?
3 2a
2 Band
2-3 A. 3 B. 5.5 C. 25.5 D. 27
Page
4 4
SQ AL T 1 Solution
MS Which of the following correctly expresses T as the subject of B = 2(R + )?
11 2
2 Band
5-6 B B B B R
A. T = – 2R B. T = –R C. T = 2R – D. T = –
   4 2
SQ AL The number of ‘standard drinks’ 2 Solution
MS 12 in various glasses of wine is
2 Band
shown. A male weighing 83 kg
3-5
drinks four small glasses of red
wine and two large glasses of
white wine between 6 pm and
midnight. Calculate his blood
alcohol content (BAC) estimate at midnight, correct to three decimal places.
10N − 7.5H
Note: Blood alcohol content estimate: BACmale =
6.8M
SQ AL The formula below can be used to calculate the required dosages of medicine for 3 Solution
MS 13 children aged 1 – 12 years.
2 Band
yA
3-5 D=
y + 12
where D = dosage for children aged 1 – 12 years
y = age of child (in years)
A = adult dosage
How much medicine should be given in total to an 18-month-old child between
9 am and 11 pm if each adult dosage is 45 mL? The medicine is to be taken every
6 hours with the first dose 8 am.
SQ AL Make b the subject of the equation a = 7(b + 3). 2 Solution
MS 14
2 Band
3-4
SQ AL A student tried to solve an equation, as shown. However, the student made a 2 Solution
MS 15 mistake in one of the lines.
2 Band
5(x + 2) – 4(x + 1) = –3
4-5
5x + 10 – 4x + 4 = –3 Line 1
x + 14 = –3 Line 2
x = –17 Line 3
Identify the line which has the mistake and give the correct working to solve the
equation.
18 25 1 Solution
1
MG Which of the following expresses v as the subject of k = mv2?
2
2
2k k k 2 k
A. v =  B. v =  C. v =  D. v = 
m 2m 2m m
NESA 2018 Mathematics General 2 HSC Examination
18 26 Clark’s formula, given below, is used to determine the dosage of medicine for 2 Solution
MG b children.
2
For a particular medicine, the adult dosage is 325 mg and the correct dosage for a
specific child is 90 mg. How much does the child weigh, to the nearest kg?
Page
5 5
18 28 2x 3x + 1 3 Solution
MG Solve the equation +1= , leaving your answer as a fraction.

b 5 2
2
18 28 Sophie is driving at 70 km/h. She notices a branch on the road ahead and decides 3 Solution
MG e to apply the brakes. Her reaction time is 1.5 seconds.

2 Her braking distance (D metres) is given by D = 0.01v2, where v is speed in
km/h.
What is Sophie’s stopping distance, to the nearest metre?
Formula was provided on Mathematics General 2 formula sheet:
Stopping distance = reaction-time distance + braking distance
17 7 3 1 Solution
MG It is given that I = MR2.

2
2
What is the value of I when M = 26.55 and R = 3.07, correct to two decimal
places?
(A) 375.35 (B) 3246.08 (C) 9965.45 (D) 14 948.18
17 9 5−x 1 Solution
MG What is the value of x in the equation = 6?

3
2
(A) –13 (B) –3 (C) 3 (D) 13
17 19 Young’s formula, shown below, is used to calculate the dosage of medication for 1 Solution
MG children aged 1–12 years based on the adult dosage.

2 yA
D=
y + 12
where D = dosage for children aged 1–12 years, y = age of child (in years) and
A = adult dosage.
A child’s dosage is calculated to be 20 mg, based on an adult dosage of 40 mg.
How old is the child in years?
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12
17 27 Rhys is drinking low alcohol beer at a party over a five-hour period. He reads on 4 Solution
MG e the label of the low alcohol beer bottle that it is equivalent to 0.8 of a standard
2 drink. Rhys weighs 90 kg.
What is the maximum number of complete bottles of the low alcohol beer he can
drink to remain under a Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) of 0.05?
17 28 2 Solution
Make y the subject of the equation x = yp − 1 .
MG d
16 2 Which of the following equations has x = 5 as the solution? 1 Solution
MG x
2 (A) x – 5 = 10 (B) 5 – x = 10 (C) = 10 (D) 2x = 10
2
16 10 Caroline drinks two small bottles of wine over a three-hour period. Each of these 1 Solution
MG bottles contains 2.3 standard drinks. Caroline weights 53 kg. What is her
2 approximate blood alcohol content (BAC) at the end of this period?
(A) 0.081 (B) 0.065 (C) 0.0017 (D) 0.0014
Page
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16 24 Q 1 Solution
MG Which of the following correctly expresses Q as the subject of e = iR + .

C
2
e + iR e − iR
(A) Q = Ce + CiR (B) Q = Ce – CiR (C) Q = (D) Q =
C C
15 23 The number of ‘standard drinks’ 1 Solution
MG in various glasses of wine is

2 shown. A woman weighing 62
kg drinks three small glasses of
white wine and two large
glasses of red wine between
8 pm and 1 am. What would be her blood alcohol content (BAC) estimate at 1 am,
correct to three decimal places?
(A) 0.030 (B) 0.037 (C) 0.046 (D) 0.057
15 24 1 Solution
2x 5x
MG Consider the equation –4= + 1.
3 2
2
Which of the following would be a correct step in solving this equation?
2x 5x 2x 5x
(A) –3= (B) = +5
3 2 3 2
15x 4x
(C) 2x – 4 = +3 (D) – 8 = 5x + 2
2 6
15 26 Clark’s formula is used to determine the dosage of medicine for children. 2 Solution
MG b
2
The adult daily dosage of a medicine contains 3150 mg of a particular drug. A

child who weighs 35 kg is to be given tablets each containing 525 mg of this drug.
How many tablets should this child be given daily?
15 28 5 2 Solution
MG The formula C = (F – 32) is used to convert temperatures between degrees

d 9
2
Fahrenheit and degrees Celsius. Convert 3oC to the equivalent temperature in
Fahrenheit.
15 30 Claire is driving on a motorway at a speed of 110 kilometres per hour and has to 2 Solution
MG d brake suddenly. She has a reaction time of 2 seconds and a braking distance of
2 59.2 metres. Calculate her stopping distance.
Formula was provided on Mathematics General 2 formula sheet:
Stopping distance = reaction-time distance + braking distance
14 4 Young’s formula below is used to calculate dosages of medicine for children aged 1 Solution
MG 1 – 12 years.
2
How much of the medicine should be given to an 18-month-old child in a 24-hour

period if each adult dosage is 45 mL? The medicine is to be taken every 6 hours
by both adults and children.
(A) 5 mL (B) 20 mL (C) 27 mL (D) 30 mL
Page
7 7
14 26 5x + 1 3 Solution
MG Solve the equation – 4 = 5 – 7x.

c 3
2
14 29 What is the maximum number of standard drinks that a male weighing 84 kg can 3 Solution
MG b consume over 4 hours in order to maintain a blood alcohol content (BAC) of less
2 than 0.05?
SP 12 A car is travelling at 80 km/h. It takes the driver two seconds to react to a 1 Solution
MG dangerous situation before applying the brakes. Approximately how far will the car
2 travel in this time?
(A) 44 m (B) 160 m (C) 288 m (D) 576 m
NESA Mathematics General 2 Sample Paper
SP 17 1 Solution
mr
MG Which of the following correctly expresses r as the subject of v = ?

2
2
v 2
(v ) mv 2
(mv )2
(A) r = (B) r = (C) r = (D) r =
m m  
SP 21 A hospital patient is given 1.2 litres of fluid over 10 hours by intravenous drip. 1 Solution
MG The fluid is delivered at a rate of 20 drops per mL.

2 What is the required rate, in drops per minute?
(A) 0.1 (B) 2.4 (C) 10 (D) 40
SP 26 The diagram shows a can of ‘Red Kangaroo’, a drink containing 2 Solution
MG c alcohol. Felicity, who weighs 66 kg, is at a party and consumes

2 three cans of this drink. She commences the first can at 7 pm
and finishes the third at 10 pm. To roughly estimate how long it
will take for a person’s blood alcohol content (BAC) to reach zero
after stopping drinking, this formula can be used:
BAC
Number of hours for BAC to reach zero =
0.015
How long will it take for Feliciity’s BAC to reach zero? Give your
answer to the nearest 10 minutes.
SP 29 Solve the equation. 3 Solution
MG a 5x
2 + 9 = 10x – 12
4
13 21 Which equation correctly shows r as the subject of S = 800(1 – r)? 1 Solution
GM 800 − S S − 800
(A) r = (B) r = (C) r = 800 – S (D) r = S – 800
800 800
NESA 2013 General Mathematics HSC Examination
13 29 Sarah tried to solve this equation and made a mistake in Line 2. 2 Solution
GM a W+4 2W − 1
– =1 ……………….. Line 1
3 5
5W + 20 – 6W – 3 = 15 ………….……. Line 2
17 – W = 15 ……….……… Line 3
W=2 ……….……… Line 4
Copy the equation in Line 1 into your writing booklet and continue your solution to
solve this equation for W. Show all lines of working.
Page
8 8
12 21 Which of the following correctly expresses c as the subject of E = mc2 + p? 1 Solution
GM E−p
E−p E E
(A) c =  (B) c =  (C) c =  −p (D) c =  −p
m m m m
11 18 1 2 1 Solution
GM Which of the following correctly expresses a as the subject of s = ut + at ?

2
1 1
(s − ut ) s − ut
2(s − ut ) 2s − ut 2 2
(A) a = (B) a = (C) a = (D) a =
t2 t2 t2 t2
Page
9 9
Year 11: MS – A1: Algebra

A1.2 Linear relationships Back

Reference
Sheet
20 6 Suppose y = –1 – 2x. 1 Solution

MS
2 When the value of x increases by 5, the value of y decreases by
A1 B2 C5 D 10
20 10 A plumber charges a call-out fee of $90 as well as $2 per minute while working. 1 Solution
MS Suppose the plumber works for t hours.
2
Which equation expresses the amount the plumber charges ($C) as a function of
time (t hours)?
A C = 2 + 90t B C = 90 + 2t C C = 120 + 90t D C = 90 + 120t
19 34 The relationship between British Solution
MS pounds (p) and Australian dollars (d)
2
on a particular day is shown in the
graph.
(a) Write the direct variation 1
equation British pounds to
Australian dollars in the form
p = md. Leave m as a fraction
(b) The relationship between 2
Japanese yen (y) and Australian
dollars on the same day is given
by the equation y = 76d. Convert
93 100 Japanese yen to British
pounds.
Page1010
SQ AL The line  is shown. 1 Solution

MS 4 What is the gradient of the line  ?
2 Band
2-3
3 5
A. – B. –
5 3
3 5
C. D.
5 3

SQ AL The diagram shows the graph of a line. 1 Solution
MS 5 What is the equation of this line?
2 Band
2-3
1
A. y = 3x + 2 B. y = − x+2
3
1
C. y = x+2 D. y = –6x + 2
3

SQ AL Water was poured into a container at a constant 1 Solution
MS 8 rate.
2 Band
The graph shows the depth of water in the container
3-4
as it was being filled.
Which of the following containers could have been

used to produce this result?
NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 11 Topic Guide: Algebra

TG 1 Which of the following is the graph of y = 2x – 2? 1 Solution
14 7
MG2

TG 2 The weight of an object on the moon varies directly with its weight on Earth. An 2 Solution
astronaut who weighs 84 kg on Earth weighs only 14 kg on the moon. A lunar

14 26f landing craft weighs 2449 kg on the moon. Calculate the weight of this landing
MG2 craft when on Earth.
Page1111
18 27d The graph displays the Solution
MG cost ($c) charged by two

2 companies for the hire of
a minibus for x hours.
Both companies charge
$360 for the hire of a
minibus for 3 hours.
(i) What is the hourly 1
rate charged by
Company A?
(ii) Company B charges 2
an initial booking fee
of $75. Write a formula, in the form of c = mx + b, for the cost of hiring a
minibus from Company B for x hours.
(iii) A minibus is hired for 5 hours from Company B. 2
Calculate how much cheaper this is than hiring from Company A.
17 3 The graph shows the 1 Solution
MG relationship between
2 infant mortality
(deaths per 1000 live
births) and life
expectancy (in years)
for different
countries. What is
the life expectancy at
birth in a country
which has an infant
mortality rate of 60?
(A) 68 years (B) 69 years (C) 86 years (D) 88 years

17 20 A pentagon is created using matches. 1 Solution
MG
2
By adding more matches, a row of two pentagons is

formed.
Continuing to add matches, a row of three pentagons

can be formed.
Continuing this pattern, what is the maximum number of complete pentagons that
can be formed if 100 matches in total are available matches?
(A) 25 (B) 24 (C) 21 (D) 20
Page1212
16 14 The graph shows a line which has an 1 Solution
MG equation in the form y = mx + c.

2 Which of the following statements is
true?
(A) m is positive and c is negative
(B) m is negative and c is positive
(C) m and c are both positive
(D) m and c are both negative

16 29 The graph shows the life expectancy of people born between 1900 and 2000. Solution
MG e
2
(i) According to 1
the graph,
what is the
life expectancy
of a person
born in 1932?
(ii) With 2
reference to
the value of
the gradient,
explain the
meaning of
the gradient
in this
context.

15 13 What is the equation of the line  ? 1 Solution
MG
2 (A) y = –2x + 2
(B) y = 2x + 2
x
(C) y = – +2
2
x
(D) y = +2
2
Page1313
SP 29c The graph shows tax Solution

MG payable against taxable
2
income, in thousands of
dollars.
10 27c (i) Use the graph to find 1
GM
tax payable on a
taxable income of
$21 000.
(ii) Use suitable points 1
from the graph to
show that the
gradient of the
section of the graph
1
marked A is
3
(iii) How much of each 1
dollar earned
between $21 000
and $39 000 is
payable in tax?
(iv) Write an equation 2
that could be used
to calculate the tax
payable, T, in terms
of the taxable
income, I, for
taxable
incomes between
$21 000 and
$39 000.
12 5 The line  has intercepts p and q, 1 Solution
GM where p and q are positive integers.

What is the gradient of line  ?
p q
(A) – (B) –
q p
p q
(C) (D)
q p
12 8 Dots were used to create a pattern. The first three shapes in the pattern are 1 Solution
GM shown.
The number of dots used in each shape is recorded in the table.

Shape (S) 1 2 3
Number of dots (N) 6 8 10
How many dots would be required for Shape 156?
(A) 316 (B) 520 (C) 624 (D) 936
Page1414
12 13 Conversion graphs can be used to convert from one currency to another. 1 Solution
GM
Sarah converted 60 Australian dollars to Euros. She then converted all of these
Euros into New Zealand dollars. How much money, in New Zealand dollars, should
Sarah have?
(A) $26 (B) $45 (C) $78 (D) $135
Page1515
Year 11: Measurement: Applications of Measurement

M1.1 Practicalities of measuring Back

Reference
Sheet
20 2 What is 0.002073 expressed in standard form with two significant figures? 1 Solution
MS2
A 2.07 × 10–2 B 2.1 × 10–2 C 2.07 × 10–3 D 2.1 × 10–3
20 5 A plant stem is measured to be 16.0 cm, correct to one decimal place. 1 Solution
MS2
What is the percentage error in this measurement?
A 0.3125% B 0.625% C 3.125% D 6.25%
19 8 A person’s weight is measured as 79.3 kg. 1 Solution
MS2 What is the absolute error of this measurement?
A. 10 grams B. 50 grams C. 100 grams D. 500 grams
SQ ME In a school experiment, a student measured a length to be 9.4 cm. 1 Solution
MS 3 What is the upper limit of accuracy of this measurement?
2 Band
A. 9.41 cm B. 9.45 cm C. 9.5 cm D. 9.9 cm
2-3
18 18 The length of a window is measured as 2.4 m 1 Solution
MG2 Which calculation will give the percentage error for this measurement?
 0.05   0.05 
A.    × 100 B.    × 2.4
 2.4   100 
 0.5   0.5 
C.    × 100 B.    × 2.4
 2.4   100 
Page1616
17 21 The length of a netball court is measured to be 30.50 metres, correct to the 1 Solution
MG2 nearest centimetre. What is the lower limit for the length of the netball court?
(A) 30.45 m (B) 30.49 m (C) 30.495 m (D) 30.499 m
16 1 What is 208.345 correct to two significant figures? 1 Solution
MG2 (A) 208 (B) 210 (C) 208.34 (D) 208.35

15 1 What is 1 560 200 km written in scientific notation correct to two significant 1 Solution
MG2 figures?
(A) 1.56 × 104 km (B) 1.6 × 105 km (C) 1.56 × 106 km (D)1.6 × 106 km
15 12 The length of a fish was measured to be 49 cm, correct to the nearest cm. 1 Solution
MG2 What is the percentage error in this measurement, correct to one significant
figure?
(A)  0.01% (B)  0.5% (C)  1% (D)  2%
14 10 The top of the Sydney Harbour Bridge is measured to be 138.4 m above sea 1 Solution
MG2 level. What is the percentage error in this measurement?

(A) 0.036% (B) 0.050% (C) 0.072% (D) 0.289%
13 27d A rectangular wooden chopping board is advertised as being 17 cm by 25 cm, Solution
GM with each side measured to the nearest centimetre.

(i) Calculate the percentage error in the measurement of the longer side. 1
(ii) Between what lower and upper limits does the actual area of the top of 2
the chopping board lie?
Page1717

M1.2 Perimeter, area and volume Back

Reference
Sheet
21 1 Which of the following shapes has the largest perimeter? 1 Solution

MS
2 A B C D

21 12 A block of land is represented by 1 Solution
MS the shaded region on the number
2
plane. All measurements are in
kilometres.
Which of the following is the
approximation for the area of this
block of land in square kilometres,
using two applications of the
trapezoidal rule?
A. 9.9 B. 19.8 Not to scale
C. 39.6 D. 72
Page1818
21 16 The volume, V, of a sphere is given by the formula 2 Solution

MS
2 4 3
V=  r , where r is the radius of the sphere.
3
A tank consists of the bottom half of a sphere of
radius 2 metres, as shown.
Find the volume of the tank in cubic metres, correct
to one decimal place.
20 25 A composite solid consists of a triangular prism 3 Solution
MS which fits exactly on top of a cube, as shown.
2
Find the surface area of the composite solid.
Not to scale
19 1 Which of the following shapes has a perimeter of 12 cm? (Figures not to scale) 1 Solution
MS
2 A B C D

19 16 A bowl is in the shape of a hemisphere with a diameter of 2 Solution
MS 16 cm.
2
What is the volume of the bowl, correct to the nearest
cubic centimetre?

SQ ME Similar triangles can be used to 1 Solution
MS 10 estimate the width of a river, as shown
2 Band
in the diagram.
3-4
What is the estimated width of the
river?
A. 18 m B. 22 m
C. 26 m D. 32 m
NOT TO SCALE
SQ ME During a flood, 1.5 hectares of land was covered by water to a depth of 17 cm. 1 Solution
MS 11 How many kilolitres of water covered the land?
2 Band
(1 hectare = 10 000 m2 and 1 m3 = 1000 L)
3-4
A. 2.55 kL B. 2550 kL C. 255 000 kL D. 2 550 000 kL
Page1919
SQ ME Triangles PQR and XYZ are similar. 1 Solution

MS 13 Which expression could be used to find
2 Band
the value of r?
4-5
9
A. z ×
17
9
B. z ×
22
17
C. z ×
9
22
D. z ×
17
NOT TO SCALE
SQ ME The diagram shows two circles with the 2 Solution
MS 15 same centre.
2 Band
2-3
The radius of the smaller circle is 2 cm and
the diameter of the larger circle is 8 cm.
Calculate the area of the shaded region,

correct to the nearest cm2.
NOT TO SCALE
18 13 A rectangular pyramid has base side 1 Solution
MG lengths 3x and 4x. The perpendicular

2 height of the pyramid is 2x.
All measurements are in metres.
What is the volume of the pyramid in
cubic metres?
A. 8x3 B. 9x3
3
C. 12x D. 24x3
18 22 A shape consisting of a quadrant and a right-angled 1 Solution
MG triangle is shown.
2 What is the perimeter of this shape, correct to one
decimal place?
A. 28.6 cm
B. 36.6 cm
C. 66.3 cm
D. 74.3 cm
Page2020
18 27 A shade shelter is to be 2 Solution
MG c constructed in the shape of half a

2 cylinder with open ends. The
diameter is 3.8 m and the length
is 10 m. The curved roof is to be
made of plastic sheeting. What
area of plastic sheeting is
required, to the nearest m2?

18 28 We have modified this question so 3 Solution
MG a that students use the Trapezoidal

2 rule. A field is bordered on one
side by a straight road and on the
other side by a river as shown.
Measurements are taken
perpendicular to the road every
7.5 metres along the road.
Use applications of the Trapezoidal
rule to find an approximation to
the area of the field.
18 30 A cylindrical water tank has a 3 Solution
MG a radius of 9 metres and a capacity

2 of 1.26 megalitres.
What is the height of the water
tank?
Give your answer in metres,
correct to two decimal places.

17 18 A skip bin is in the shape of a 1 Solution
MG trapezoidal prism, with dimensions as

2 shown.
What is the volume of the skip bin?
(A) 5.4 m3
(B) 7.776 m3
(C) 10.8 m3
(D) 15.552 m3
17 22 A concrete water pipe is manufactured in 1 Solution
MG the shape of an annular cylinder. The

2 dimensions are shown in the diagram.
What is the approximate volume of
concrete needed to make the water pipe?
(A) 0.06 m3
(B) 0.09 m3
(C) 0.70 m3 Not to scale
(D) 0.99 m3
Page2121
17 25 In the circle, centre O, the area of the quadrant 1 Solution
MG is 100 cm2.
2 What is the arc length  , correct to one decimal
place?
(A) 8.9 cm
(B) 11.2 cm
(C) 17.7 cm
(D) 25.1 cm

17 30 A solid is made up of a sphere 3 Solution
MG e sitting partially inside a cone.

2 The sphere, centre O, has a
radius of 4 cm and sits 2 cm
inside the cone. The solid has a
total height of 15 cm. The solid
and its cross-section are
shown. What is the volume of
the cone, correct to the
nearest cm3?

16 12 A container is in the shape of a triangular prism 1 Solution
MG which has a capacity of 12 litres.

2 The area of the base is 240 cm3.
What is the distance, h, between the two triangular
ends of the container?
(A) 5 cm
(B) 20 cm
(C) 25 cm
(D) 50 cm

16 16 The width (W) of a river can be 1 Solution
MG calculated using two similar

2 triangles, as shown in the
diagram.
What is the approximate width
of the river?
(A) 17.8 m (B) 19.3 m
(C) 23.2 m (D) 24.9 m NOT TO SCALE
16 26 Calculate the surface area of a sphere with 1 Solution
MG a a radius of 5 cm, correct to the nearest

2 whole number.
Page2222
16 26 The field diagram shows a block of 2 Solution
MG d land ABCD that has been surveyed.

2 All measurements are in metres.
Calculate the length of AB, correct

to the nearest metre.

16 28 A company makes large marshmallows. Solution
MG e They are in the shape of a cylinder with

2 diameter 5 cm and height 3 cm, as
shown in the diagram.
(i) Find the volume of one of these 2
large marshmallows, correct to one
decimal place.
(ii) A cake is to be made by 3
stacking 24 of these large
marshmallows and filling the gaps
between them with chocolate. The
diagrams show the cake and its top
view. The shading shows the gaps
to be filled with chocolate. What
volume of chocolate will be
required? Give your answer to the
nearest whole number.
2
16 30 The area of a roof is 30 m . Any rain that falls on the roof flows directly onto a 2 Solution
MG a garden. Calculate how many litres of water flow onto the garden when 20 mm of
2 rain falls on the roof.
15 8 The Louvre Pyramid in Paris has a 1 Solution
MG square base with side length 35 m

2 and a perpendicular height of 22 m.
What is the volume of this pyramid,

to the nearest m3?
(A) 257 m3 (B) 1027 m3

(C) 8983 m3 (D) 26 950 m3
Page2323
15 26 Approximately 71% of Earth’s surface is covered by water. Assume Earth is a 2 Solution
MG f sphere. Calculate the number of square kilometres covered by water.

2 [radius of earth = 6400 km]
15 27 At a particular time during the day, a 2 Solution
MG a tower of height 19.2 metres casts a

2 shadow. At the same time, a person who
is 1.65 metres tall casts a shadow
5 metres long.
What is the length of the shadow cast by
the tower at that time?
NOT TO SCALE
15 28 The diagram shows an annulus. 1 Solution
MG a
2
Calculate the area of the annulus.
NOT TO SCALE

14 12 A path 1.5 metres wide 1 Solution
MG surrounds a circular lawn of

2 radius 3 metres.
What is the approximate area
of the path?
(A) 7.1 m2 NOT TO
(B) 21.2 m2 SCALE
(C) 35.3 m2
(D) 56.5 m2
14 25 A grain silo is made up of a cylinder with a hemisphere 1 Solution
MG (half a sphere) on top. The outside of the silo is to be

2 painted. What is the area to be painted?
(A) 8143 m2
(B) 11 762 m2
(C) 12 667 m2
(D) 23 524 m2

14 27 The base of a water 4 Solution
MG c tank is in the shape of

2 a rectangle with a
semicircle at each
end, as shown.
The tank is 1400 mm long, 560 mm wide and has a height of 810 mm.
What is the capacity of the tank, to the nearest litre?
Page2424
SP 2 For which solid could the volume be calculated using the formula V = Ah? 1 Solution
MG
2

SP 26 The diagram shows a 3 Solution
MG b semicircle, from which a

2 trapezium has been cut.
What is the area of the

remaining shape, to the
nearest centimetre?

SP 27 The sector shown has a radius of 13 2 Solution
MG a cm and an angle of 230o.

2
What is the perimeter of the sector to
the nearest centimetre?
12 27
GM b
SP 28 Joe and a flagpole both 3 Solution
MG f cast shadows on the

2 ground.
The difference between
12 28 the lengths of their
GM c shadows is
3 metres.
The length of Jacques’
shadow is d metres.
What is the value of d?

Page2525
13 12 A square pyramid fits exactly on top of a cube 1 Solution
GM to form a solid.
What is the volume of the solid?
(A) 513 cm3

(B) 999 cm3
(C) 1242 cm3
(D) 1539 cm3

13 16 The shaded region shows a quadrant with a 1 Solution
GM rectangle removed.
What is the area of the shaded region, to the
nearest cm2?
(A) 38 cm2
(B) 52 cm2
(C) 61 cm2
(D) 70 cm2
13 17 Triangles ABC and DEF are 1 Solution
GM similar. Which expression could

be used to find the value of x?
10
(A) y ×
15
10
(B) y ×
23
15
(C) y ×
10
23
(D) y ×
15 Not to scale
13 19 A logo is designed using half of an annulus. 1 Solution
GM What is the area of the logo, to the nearest

cm2?
(A) 25 cm2
(B) 33 cm2
(C) 132 cm2
(D) 143 cm2
Page2626
13 25 A net is made using four rectangles and two 1 Solution
GM trapeziums.
It is folded to form a solid.
What is the volume of the solid, in cm3?
(A) 360 cm3

(B) 434 cm3
(C) 440 cm3
(D) 576 cm3
Not to Scale

12 6 What is the volume of this 1 Solution
GM rectangular prism in cubic

centimetres?
(A) 6 cm3
(B) 600 cm3
(C) 60 000 cm3
(D) 6 000 000 cm3
12 25 The solid shown is made of a 1 Solution
GM cylinder with a hemisphere (half

a sphere) on top. What is the
total surface area of the solid, to
the nearest square centimetre?
(A) 628 cm2
(B) 679 cm2
(C) 729 cm2
(D) 829 cm2

11 13 We have modified this HSC Not to scale 1 Solution
GM question so that students use the

Trapezoidal rule: The diagram
represents a field. What is the
area of the field, using four
applications of Trapezoidal rule?
(A) 90 m2
(B) 103.5 m2
(C) 117 m2
(D) 180 m2
Page2727

M1.3 Units of energy and mass Back

Reference
Sheet
21 27 The price and the power consumption of two Solution

MS different brands of television are shown.
2
The average cost for electricity is 25c/kWh.
A particular family watches an average of 3
hours of television per day.
(a) The annual cost of electricity for Television A for this family is $48.18. 2
For this family, what is the difference in the annual cost of electricity between
Television A and Television B?
(b) For this family, how many years will it take for the total cost of buying and 2
using Television A to be equal to the total cost of buying and using
Television B?
19 24 Amanda uses 80 kilocalories of energy per kilometre while she is running. 2 Solution
MS She eats a burger that contains 2180 kilojoules of energy. How many kilometres
2
will she need to run to use up all the energy from the burger? Give your answer
correct to one decimal place. (1 kilocalorie = 4.184 kilojoules)
SQ ME The table shows the average energy 1 Solution
MS 12 used, in kilojoules per kilogram of
2 Band
body mass, by a person walking for
2-3
30 minutes at different speeds.
Sam, who weighs 65 kg, drinks a
regular cappuccino made with full cream milk. It contains 73 kilocalories.
For approximately how long must Sam walk at 3 km/h to burn off the energy
contained in the cappuccino? (1 kilocalorie = 4.184 kJ.)
A. 20 minutes B. 25 minutes C. 90 minutes D. 120 minutes
TG 1 Calculate the cost of running a 2400-watt (2.4 kW) fan heater for eight hours per Solution
day for 30 days.

Assume electricity is charged at $0.18/kWh.
NESA Mathematics Standard Year 11 Topic Guide: Measurement
Page2828
18 28 Every day, a 1200-watt microwave oven is used for 45 minutes at 40% power. 3 Solution
MG c Electricity is charged at $0.25 per kWh.

2 What is the cost of running this microwave oven for 180 days?
17 26 Electricity costs $0.27 per kWh. How much does 20 kWh cost? 1 Solution
MG a
2
16 28 The cost of buying a new heater is $990. 2 Solution
MG b It uses energy according to the following energy label.

2 Energy is charged at the rate of $0.35/kWh.
How much will it cost in total to purchase and then run

this heater for five years?

15 30 The energy consumption of a computer in standby mode is 21 watts. The cost of 2 Solution
MG a electricity is 31 cents per kWh. A school computer room has 20 computers. How
2 much will the school save by switching all 20 computers during 11 weeks of
school holidays?
14 20 In a household of 4, each member uses an average of 13 minutes of hot water per 1 Solution
MG day. The household uses a 9-kW hot water unit. Electricity is charged at
2 11.97 c/kWh when the hot water unit is being used. What is the electricity cost for
the hot water used by this household in one week?
(A) $1.63 (B) $6.54 (C) $392.14 (D) $653.56
SP 15 A 2400-watt heater is run for 7 hours each day. If electricity is charged at 1 Solution
MG 25.1 c/kWh, what is the cost of running the heater for 10 days, to the nearest
2 cent?
(A) $4.22 (B) $42.17 (C) $421.68 (D) $4216.80
Page2929
Year 11: Measurement

M2: Working with time Back

Reference
Sheet
21 20 City A is in Sweden and is located at (58°N, 16°E). Sydney, in Australia, is located 3 Solution
MS2 at (33°S, 151°E). Robert lives in Sydney and needs to give an online presentation
to his colleagues in City A starting at 5:00 pm Thursday, local time in Sweden.
What time and day, in Sydney, should Robert start his presentation?
19 5 The Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of Auckland is +12 hours and the UTC of 1 Solution
MS2 Chicago is –5 hours.
When the time in Chicago is 2 pm, Thursday, what is the time in Auckland?
A. 9 pm, Wednesday B. 7 am, Thursday C. 9 pm, Thursday D. 7 am, Friday
SQ ME Part of a train timetable is shown. 1 Solution
MS 5 Kris arrives at Amesham station at
2 Band
1.45 pm and needs to get to
2-3
Frampton as quickly as possible.
Assuming all trains run to schedule,
what is the EARLIEST time that Kris
can arrive at Frampton station?
A. 2.29 pm
B. 2.38 pm
C. 2.47 pm
D. 2.55 pm
Page3030
SQ ME Karin is in Athens, which is two hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Solution
MS 18 Marco is in New York, which is five hours behind UTC.
2 Band
(a) Karin is going to ring Marco at 10 pm on Tuesday, Athens time. 1
2-4
What day and time will it be in New York when she rings?
13 27e (b) Marco is going to fly from New York to Athens. His flight will leave on 2
MG Wednesday at 9 am, New York time, and will take 11 hours.
What day and time will it be in Athens when he arrives?
18 29a 1 3 Solution
MG The time in Brisbane is 4 hours ahead of the time in New Delhi. John flew from
2
2
New Delhi to Brisbane via Singapore. His plane left New Delhi at 11:30 am (New
Delhi time), stopped for 3 hours in Singapore, and arrived in Brisbane at 9:00
am the following day (Brisbane time).
What was the plane’s total flying time?
17 27d Island A and island B are both on the Solution
MG equator. Island B is west of island A.

2 The longitude of island A is 5oE and the
angle at the centre of the earth (O),
between A and B, is 30o.
(i) What is the longitude of island B? 1
(ii) What time is it on island B when it 1
is 10 am on island A?
(iii) Projectmaths: not in Maths Stand 2
Not to scale
16 27e Melbourne is located at (38oS, 145oE) and Dubai is located at (24oN, 55oE). Solution
MG (i) Calculate the difference in longitude between Melbourne and Dubai. 1

2 (ii) Show that the time difference between Melbourne and Dubai is 6 hours. 1
(iii) A plane leaves Melbourne on Friday at 11:30 pm. 2
The flight time to Dubai is 15 hours.
What will be the time and the day in Dubai when the plane is due to land?
15 14 Stockholm is located at 59oN 18oE and Darwin is located at 13oS 131oE. What is 1 Solution
MG the time difference between Stockholm and Darwin? (Ignore time zones and
2 daylight savings.)
(A) 184 minutes (B) 288 minutes
(C) 452 minutes (D) 596 minutes
14 26g Singapore is located at 1 N 104 E and Sydney is located at 34oS 151oE. What is
o o
2 Solution
MG the time difference between Singapore and Sydney? (Ignore daylight saving.)
2 NESA 2014 Mathematics General 2 HSC Examination
Page3131
SP 13 In this diagram of the Earth, O 1 Solution
MG represents the centre and B lies on

2 both the Equator and the
10 15 Greenwich Meridian. What is the
MG latitude and longitude of point A?
(A) 30o N 110o E (B) 30o N 110o W
(C) 60o N 110o E (D) 60o N 110o W

SP 26d This question has been adjusted by expressing in terms of UTC: 2 Solution
MG The local time in Perth in Western Australia is UTC+8.

2 The local time in Santiago in Chile is UTC–3.
What is the day and time in Santiago when it is 8 am on Friday in Perth?
11 3 This question has been adjusted by expressing in terms of UTC: 1 Solution
GM The time zone used in Perth in Western Australia is UTC+8. The time zone used
in Cape Town in South Africa is UTC+2. What is the time in Cape Town when it
is 1 pm in Perth?
(A) 3 am (B) 7 am (C) 7 pm (D) 11 pm
Page3232
Year 11: MS – F1: Financial Mathematics: Money Matters

F1.1 Interest and depreciation Back

Reference
Sheet
21 19 Adam purchased some office furniture five years ago. It depreciated by $2300 2 Solution
MS each year based on the straight-line method of depreciation.
2
The salvage value of the furniture is now $7500.
Find the initial value of the office furniture.
19 9 What is the interest earned, in dollars, if $800 is invested for x months at a simple 1 Solution
MS interest rate of 3% per annum?
2
A. 2x B. 24x C. 200x D. 2400x
19 29 Part of a supermarket receipt is shown. 2 Solution
MS
2
Determine the missing value, A and B, to complete the
receipt.

SQ FM A person deposits $2000 into an account which earns simple interest of 3% per 1 Solution
MS 2 annum for 2 years.
2 Band
How much interest is earned in the 2 years?
2-3
A. $30 B. $60 C. $90 D. $120
Page3333
SQ FM In July, Ms Alott received 1 Solution

MS 8 a statement for her credit
2 Band
card account. The account
5-6
has no interest free
10 22 period. Simple interest is
GM calculated and charged to
her account on the 23 July 2018
statement date.
What is the minimum
payment due on this
account?
(A) $22.42
(B) $25.00
(C) $86.08
(D) $87.20
SQ FM A person takes out a loan of 2 Solution
MS 12 $29 500 at 8% per annum
2 Band
interest for four years.
2-3
Monthly repayments for loans at
different interest rates are
shown in the spreadsheet.
How much interest does the
person pay over the term of this
loan?

TG 1 The school uniform shop is having a back-to-school sale and is offering a discount on Solution
all its goods.

(a) What is the percentage discount on a shirt reduced from $52.50 to $42.00?
(b) Assuming the percentage discount is the same on all items in the uniform shop,
find:
(i) the discount amount on a pair of pants whose original price was $36.00
(ii) the sale price of a bag which originally cost $39.95.
(c) If the sale price of a blazer is $129.50, what was its original price and the
discount?
NESA Mathematics Standard Year 11 Topic Guide: Financial Mathematics
TG 2 If a computer was purchased for $2500, what was the amount of GST paid on this Solution
item and its pre-GST price?

TG 3 If the interest rate is quoted as 6% pa, what amount needs to be invested in order for Solution
the investment to be worth $850 at year’s end?

Page3434
TG 4 It is predicted that a particular asset will depreciate at a rate of $80 per annum. Solution
Calculate its predicted value in ten years if it was purchased for $8000.
18 28d Yanika opens a new credit card account, with interest and fees as shown. Solution
MG Yanika makes a single purchase of $849 with the credit card.
2
(i) Show that the balance owing on 2
the credit card 24 days after
making the purchase is
$855.87.
(ii) Yanika makes her first 1
repayment 24 days after making
the purchase. She makes a cash
repayment of $450. What is the
balance owing on the credit card
immediately after her repayment is made and the repayment fee has been
charged?
17 26g Rachel bought a motorcycle advertised for $7990. She paid a deposit a $500 3 Solution
MG deposit and took out a flat-rate loan to repay the balance. Simple interest was
2 charged at a rate of 7% per annum on the amount borrowed. She repaid the loan
over 2 years, making equal weekly repayments. Calculate the weekly repayment.
16 27d Marge borrowed $19 000 to buy a used car. Interest on the loan was charged at Solution
MG 4.8% pa at the end of each month. She made a repayment of $436 at the end of
2 every month. The table below sets out her monthly repayment schedule for the
first four months of the loan.
(i) Some values in 2
the table are
missing. Write
down the values
for A and B.
(ii) Calculate the 2
value of X.
(iii)Marge repaid this 1
loan over four years. What is the total amount that Marge repaid?
15 15 A camera costs $449, including 12% GST. What is the price of the camera without 1 Solution
MG GST, correct to the nearest dollar?

2 (A) $395 (B) $401 (C) $437 (D) $503
15 29a On 20 August, tickets were purchased for $425 using a credit card. No other 2 Solution
MG purchases were made using this card in August. Simple interest was charged at a
2 rate of 18.4% per annum. There was no interest-free period. The period for which
interest was charged included the date of purchase and the date of payment. What
amount was paid when the account was paid in full on 31 August?
SP 11 A television was purchased for $2100 on 12 April 2011 using a credit card. Simple 1 Solution
MG interest was charged at a rate of 19.74% per annum for purchases on this credit
2 card. There were no other purchases on the credit card account. There was no
11 10 interest-free period. The payment for which interest was charged included the date
MG purchased and the date of payment. What amount was paid when the account was
paid in full on 20 May 2011?
(A) $2143.16 (B) $2143.59 (C) $2144.29 (D) $2144.74
Page3535

SP 18 Lucille bought a new car for $45 000. In the first year the value of the car 1 Solution
MG depreciated by 25%. In the second and third years the value depreciated by 10%
2 per year. What was the value of the car at the end of the third year, to the nearest
dollar?
(A) $17 663 (B) $24 750 (C) $27 000 (D) $27 338
SP 25 Ying borrowed $250 1 Solution
MG 000 to buy a house.

2 The interest rate and
11 22 monthly repayment for
GM her loan are shown in
the spreadsheet.
What is the total
interest charged for the
first four months of this
loan?
(A) $6364.32
(B) $6366.11
(C) $6369.67
(D) $6376.25
13 9 Lynne invests $1000 for a term of 15 months. Interest is paid at a flat rate of 1 Solution
GM 3.75% per annum. How much will Lynne’s investment be worth at the end of the
term?
(A) $1046.88 (B) $1047.09 (C) $1296.88 (D) $1468.75
13 13 Polly borrowed $11 000. She repaid the loan in full at the end of two years with a 1 Solution
GM lump sum of $12 000. What annual simple interest rate was she charged?
(A) 4.17% (B) 4.55% (C) 8.33% (D) 9.09%
12 26 Heather used her credit card to purchase a plane ticket valued at $1990 on 2 Solution
GM c 28 January 2011. She made no other purchases on her credit card account in
January. She paid the January account in full on 19 February 2011. The credit card
account has no interest free period. Simple interest is charged daily at the rate of
20% per annum, including the date of purchase and the date the account is paid.
How much interest did she pay, to the nearest dollar?
12 28 Matthew bought a laptop priced at $2800. He paid a 10% deposit and made 4 Solution
GM e monthly repayments of $95.20 for 3 years. What annual flat rate of interest was
Matthew charged? Justify your answer with suitable calculations.
11 26 Furniture priced at $20 000 is purchased. A deposit of 15% is paid. The balance is 4 Solution
GM c borrowed using a flat-rate loan at 19% per annum interest, to be repaid in equal
monthly instalments over five years. What will be the amount of each monthly
instalment? Justify your answer with suitable calculations.
Page3636

Back
F1.2 Earning and managing money
Reference
Sheet
21 22 The table shows the income tax 3 Solution

MS rates for the 2020–2021 financial
2
year.
William has a gross annual salary of
$84 000. He has allowable tax
deductions of $900 for home-office
equipment and $474 for union fees.
William must also pay a Medicare Levy of 2% of his taxable income.
Calculate the total tax payable by William including the Medicare Levy.
20 20 The table shows the income tax rates 3 Solution
MS for the 2019-2020 financial year.
2
For the 2019-2020 financial year, Wally
had a taxable income of $122 680.
During the year, he paid $3000 per
month in Pay As You Go (PAYG) tax.
Calculate Wally’s tax refund, ignoring the Medicare Levy.
19 7 Julia earns $28 per hour. Her hourly pay rate increases by 2%. 1 Solution
MS How much will she earn for a 4-hour shift with this increase?
2
A. $2.24 B. $28.56 C. $112 D. $114.24
Page3737

MS rates for the 2018-2019 financial
2
year.
The Medicare levy is calculated as
2% of taxable income.
For the 2018-2019 financial year,
Charlie pays a Medicare levy of
$1934.80.
Calculate the tax payable on Charlie’s taxable income.
SQ FM The hours worked by a cleaner last week are shown. 1 Solution
MS 1 Wednesday 10 hours at normal rate
2 Band
Thursday 9 hours at normal rate
2-3
Friday 5 hours at double time
Saturday 7 hours at time and a half
On which day did the cleaner earn the most?
A. Wednesday B. Thursday C. Friday D. Saturday
SQ FM A student works from 10 am to 1 pm each Sunday and the normal rate of pay is 1 Solution
MS 3 $30 per hour. The student is paid at the normal rate for morning work and
2 Band
double time for afternoon work.
2-3
How much does the student earn each Sunday?
A. $90 B. $120 C. $150 D. $180
SQ FM This table is used to 1 Solution
MS 5 calculate income tax for
2 Band
individuals.
3-4
Based on the table, what is
the tax payable on a
taxation income of $86 725?
A. $19 219.88
B. $19 732.63
C. $19 822.00
D. $19 924.12
SQ FM The table shows the tax 4 Solution
MS 10 payable for different taxable
2 Band
incomes.
2-5
Leslie has a gross annual
salary of $92 000, and tax
deductions of $1200 for
work-related travel and $350
for stationery. The Medicare
levy to be paid is 2% of the
taxable income.
Leslie has already paid $22 400 in tax.
Will Leslie receive a tax refund? Justify your answer with calculations.
Page3838
SQ FM The table shows two 4 Solution

MS 20 methods of calculating
2 Band
income for salespeople
2-5
in a company.
The average sales total per salesperson per month is $24 500.
Based on the average sales figure, which method would provide the greater
income? Justify your answer with calculations.
TG 1 A programmer is paid an annual salary of $56 230. Solution
Calculate the equivalent hourly rate if an average week is 42 hours of work.

TG 2 A salesperson, earns a monthly commission of 5% of sales on the first $1000 of Solution
sales, 4% on the next $2000 and 3.5% thereafter (ie the commission is based on
a sliding scale).
Calculate the pay for a month in which total sales were $4800.
18 8 A nanny charges $15 per hour, or part thereof, for looking after a child. 1 Solution
MG What does the nanny charge for looking after a child from 8 am until 3:20 pm
2 on a particular day?
A. $105 B. $108 C. $110 D. $120
18 14 To determine the retail price of an item, a shop owner increases its cost price 1 Solution
MG by 30%. In a sale, the retail price is reduced by 30% to give a sale price. How
2 does the sale price compare to the cost price?
A. The sale price is less than the cost price.
B. The sale price is the same as the cost price.
C. The sale price is more the cost price.
D. It is impossible to compare without knowing the cost price.
18 30b Last year, Luke’s taxable 2 Solution
MG income was $87 000 and

2 the tax payable on this
income was $19 822. This
year, Luke’s taxable income
has increased by $16 800.
(i) Use the table to
calculate the tax
payable by Luke this
year.
(ii) How much extra money will Luke have this year, after paying tax, as a 2
result of the increase in his taxable income? Ignore the Medicare levy.
17 6 Tom earns a weekly wage of $1025. He also receives an additional allowance of 1 Solution
MG $87.50 per day when handling toxic substances. What is Tom’s income in a
2 fortnight in which he handles toxic substances on 5 separate days?
(A) $1112.50 (B) $1462.50 (C) $2225.00 (D) $2487.50
Page3939
17 29b Sabrina’s taxable income is 3 Solution
MG $86 725 in a particular year.

2 The table below is used to
calculate her tax payable. In
addition, she pays her
Medicare levy, which is 2%
of her taxable income.
Calculate Sabrina’s net
income in that year.
16 20 Isabella works a 35-hour week and is paid at an hourly rate of $18. Any 1 Solution
MG overtime hours worked are paid at time-and-a-half.

2 In a particular week, she earned $1008.
How many hours in total did Isabella work in this week to earn this amount?
(A) 37.3 (B) 42 (C) 49 (D) 56
16 26 Jenny earns a yearly salary of $63 752. 3 Solution
MG e 1
2 Her annual leave loading is 17 % of four weeks pay.
2
Calculate her total pay for her four weeks of annual leave.
16 26 Theo is completing his tax return. He has a gross salary of $82 521 and income Solution
MG f from a rental property totalling $10 920. He is claiming $13 420 in allowable
2 deductions.
(i) Determine 1
Theo’s taxable
income.
(ii) Using the tax 2
table, calculate
Theo’s tax
payable.
(iii) In addition to 2
the above tax,
Theo must also pay a Medicare levy of $1600.42. Theo has already paid
$20 525 as Pay As You Go (PAYG) tax. Should Theo receive a tax refund or
will he owe more tax? Justify your answer with calculations.
15 3 Gayle’s gross pay each week is $952.25. The following deductions are taken from 1 Solution
MG her gross pay each week: tax $180.93, superannuation $85.70, union membership
2 $21.40 and health fund $38.15. What is Gayle’s net pay each week?
(A) $326.18 (B) $626.07 (C) $771.32 (D) $952.25
14 13 Jane sells jewellery. Her commission is based on a sliding scale of 6% on the first 1 Solution
MG $2000 of her sales, 3.5% on the next $1000, and 2% thereafter. What is Jane’s
2 commission when her total sales are $5670?
(A) $188.40 (B) $208.40 (C) $321.85 (D) $652.05
Page4040
SP 19 Rick is using a spreadsheet to 1 Solution
MG calculate the average pay of his

2 four employees for the week. In
the diagram, some of the cells
of the spreadsheet have been
shaded. Into which of the
shaded cells must Rick yet enter
data in order to calculate the
average pay for the week?
(A) B4 (B) B7 (C) C5 (D) C7
SP 22 Simon is a mechanic who receives a normal rate of pay of $22.35 per hour for a 1 Solution
MG 40-hour week. When he is needed for emergency call-outs he is paid a special

2 allowance of $150 for that week. Additionally, each time he is called out to an
emergency he is paid for a minimum of 4 hours at double time.
11 19 In the week beginning 2 February, 2011
GM Simon worked 40 hours normal time and
was needed for emergency call-outs. His
emergency call-out log book for the week
is shown. What was Simon’s total pay for
that week?
(A) $1189.28 (B) $1296.30
(C) $1334.55 (D) $1446.30
SP 27 Anne has a new job as a salesperson. 2 Solution
MG d She is offered the choice of being paid a salary or a retainer plus commission.
2 A retainer is a fixed amount paid regardless of sales.
How do these methods of payments differ?
13 3 Luke’s normal rate of pay is $24.80 per hour. In one week he worked 14 hours at 1 Solution
GM 1
the normal rate, 4 hours at time-and-a-half, and 3 hours at double time. He was
2
also paid a wet weather allowance of $50 for the week.
What was his pay for the week?
(A) $583.20 (B) $620.40 (C) $669.60 (D) $719.60
13 11 1 Solution
GM An enterprise agreement has the following

annual salary arrangements:
George’s employer pays 6% more than the enterprise agreement. He is on Step 3

and receives an allowance for Leader 2. What is George’s gross monthly pay?
(A) $4375.00 (B) $4412.50 (C) $4600.00 (D) $4637.50
Page4141
13 27 The table shows the tax 4 Solution
GM b payable to the Australian

Taxation Office for
different taxable incomes.
Peta has a gross annual
salary of $84 000. She has
tax deductions of $1000
for work-related travel and
$500 for stationery. The
Medicare levy that she
pays is calculated at 1.5%
of her taxable income.
Peta has already paid $18 500 in tax. Will Peta receive a tax refund or will she owe
money to the Australian Taxation Office? Justify your answer by calculating the
refund or amount owed.
12 18 Jo qualifies for both Rent Assistance and Youth Allowance and receives a 1 Solution
GM fortnightly payment from the government. Rent Assistance is $119.40 per

fortnight. The maximum Youth Allowance is $402.70 per fortnight. It is reduced by
50 cents in the dollar for any income earned over $236 per fortnight. Jo earns
$300 per fortnight from a part-time job. What is the total payment Jo receives
each fortnight from the government?
(A) $370.70 (B) $372.10 (C) $458.60 (D) $490.10
12 27 Tai earns a gross weekly wage of $1024. Each week her deductions are: 3 Solution
GM a • tax instalment of $296.40

• health fund contribution of $24.50
• union fees of $15.80
She also pays $3640 over the year as her share of the household expenses. What
percentage of her net wage does Tai pay for household expenses?
11 23 Sri has a gross salary of $56 350. She has tax deductions of $350 for union fees, 3 Solution
GM a $2000 in work-related expenses and $250 in donations to charities. The Medicare

levy is 1.5% of her taxable income. Calculate Sri’s Medicare levy.
Page4242

F1.3 Budgeting and household expenses Back

Reference
Sheet
19 6 Mary is 18 years old and has just purchased comprehensive motor vehicle 1 Solution
MS2 insurance. The following excesses apply to claims for at fault motor vehicle
accidents.
• Basic excess of $850 for each claim
• An additional age excess of $1600 for drivers under 25 years of age
• An additional age excess of $400 for drivers 25 years of age or over with no
more than 2 years driving experience
How much would Mary be required to pay as excess if she made a claim as the
driver at fault in a car accident?
A. $1600 B. $850 + $400
C. $850 + $1600 D. $850 + $1600 + $400
SQ FM A university student is considering the purchase of a car. 2 Solution
MS 9 Explain the difference between non-compulsory third-party insurance and
2 Band
comprehensive insurance.
2-4
TG 1 When purchased, the stamp duty for a vehicle with a market value of $50 000 was Solution
calculated as follows: 3% of the market value of a vehicle up to $45 000, plus 5%

of the value of the vehicle over $45 000.
What was the cost of the stamp duty?
18 5 The driving distance from Alex’s home to his work is 20 km. He drives to and 1 Solution
MG from work five times each week. His car uses fuel at the rate of 8 L/100 km. How
2 much fuel does he use driving to and from work each week?
A. 16 L B. 20 L C. 25 L D. 40 L
Page4343
18 15 Sam is the driver at fault in a car accident. 1 Solution
MG Which of the following is covered by Sam’s compulsory third-party (CTP)

2 insurance?
A. Repairs to Sam’s car
B. Injury to the other driver
C. Damage to the other driver’s car
D. Cost of repairing a building damaged in the accident
18 21 David earns a gross income of $890 per week. Each week, 25% of this income is 1 Solution
MG deducted in taxation. David budgets to save 20% of his net income.

2 How much does he budget to save each week?
A. $44.50 B. $133.50 C. $489.50 D. $534.00
17 14 Kate is comparing two different models of car. Car A uses fuel at the rate of 1 Solution
MG 9 L/100 km. Car B uses 3.5L/100 km. Suppose Kate plans on driving 8000 km in
2 the next year. How much less fuel will she use driving car B instead of car A?
(A) 280 L (B) 440 L (C) 720 L (D) 1000 L
16 9 On old washing machine uses 130 L of water per load. A new washing machine 1 Solution
MG uses 50 L per load. How much water is saved each year if two loads of washing
2 are done each week using the new machine?
(A) 2600 L (B) 4160 L (C) 5200 L (D) 8320 L
16 27 Alice intends to buy a car and insure it. 2 Solution
MG a Briefly describe what each of these types of insurance covers:

2 • Compulsory third party (CTP)
• Non-compulsory third-party property insurance.
15 25 An insurance company 1 Solution
MG offers customers the

2 following discounts on
the basic annual
premium for car
insurance. If a
customer is eligible for
more than one
discount, subsequent
discounts
are applied to the already discounted premium. The combined compulsory third
party (CTP) and comprehensive insurance discount is always applied last. Jamie
has three insurance policies, including combined CTP and compulsory insurance,
with this company. He has used this company for 8 years and he has never made
a claim. The basic annual premium for his car insurance is $870. How much will
Jamie need to pay after the discounts are applied?
(A) $482.44 (B) $515.50 (C) $541.60 (D) $557.60
Page4444
14 27a Alex is buying a used car which has a sale price of $13 380. In addition to the sale Solution
MG price there are the following costs:

2 Transfer of registration $30
Stamp Duty ......
(i) Stamp Duty for this car is calculated at $3 for every $100, or part thereof, 1
of the sale price. Calculate the Stamp Duty.
(ii) Alex borrows the total amount to be paid for the car including Stamp Duty 4
and transfer of registration. Interest on the loan is charged at a flat rate of
7.5% per annum. The loan is to be repaid in equal monthly instalments
over 3 years. Calculate Alex’s monthly repayments.
(iii) Alex wishes to take out comprehensive insurance for the car for 12 months. 3
The cost of comprehensive insurance is calculated on the following:
Base Rate $845
Fire Services Levy (FSL) 1% of base rate
Stamp Duty 5.5% of the total of base rate and FSL
GST 10% of the total of base rate and FSL
Find the total amount that Alex will need to pay for comprehensive
insurance.
(iv) Alex has decided he will take out the comprehensive car insurance rather 1
than the less expensive non-compulsory third-party car insurance.
What extra cover is provided by the comprehensive car insurance?
14 27 Xuso is comparing the costs of two different ways of travelling to university. Xuso’s 2 Solution
MG b motorcycle uses one litre of fuel for every 17 km travelled. The cost of fuel is
2 $1.67/L and the distance from her home to the university car park is 34 km. The
cost of travelling by bus is $36.40 for 10 single trips. Which way of travelling is
cheaper and by how much? Support your answer with calculations.
SP 5 Brian owns a car. Which of the following is included in the cover of compulsory 1 Solution
MG third-party insurance for his car?

2 (A) Theft of his own car (B) Injury to passengers
(C) Damage to his own car (D) Damage to another driver’s car
SP 20 In the Descartes household there are four people. Each person has a shower each 1 Solution
MG day and uses 120 L of water per shower. Water costs $2.13 per kilolitre (kL). It is
2 decided to install a water-efficient showerhead that uses 40% less water. How
much could the household save on its water costs each year?
(A) $37 (B) $149 (C) $224 (D) $373
SP 26 Fred and Wilma buy a new family car priced at $50 000. In addition to the 2 Solution
MG e purchase price, there are the following costs.

2 • Dealer delivery charges $1995
• Compulsory third-party insurance $748
• Registration $323
• Comprehensive car insurance $920
• Stamp duty, calculated at
3% of the car value up to and including $45 000
plus 5% of the car value over $45 000
Calculate the total amount that Fred and Wilma will need to pay.
Page4545
13 26d A section of Jim’s electricity Solution
GM bill is shown.
(i) What is the value of

A? 1
(ii) How much will Jim

save if he uses 2
154 kWh of energy at
the Off-peak rate
rather than at the
Peak rate?
Page4646
Year 11: MS – F1: Statistical Analysis

S1.1: Classifying and representing data Back

Reference
Sheet
Page4747
19 10 A school collected data related 1 Solution

MS to the reasons given by
2
students for arriving late. The
Pareto chart shows the data
collected
What percentage of students

gave the reason ‘Train or bus
delay’?
A. 6%
B. 15%
C. 30%
D. 92%

SQ SA In a study of teenagers’ attitudes about social media, a researcher collected data 1 Solution
MS 1 from survey questionnaires given to teenagers who had volunteered.
2 Band
What type of sampling was used?
2-3
A. Stratified B. Systematic C. Self-selecting D. Simple random
SQ SA A survey asked the following question: ‘What is your place of birth?’ 1 Solution
MS 4 How would the responses be classified?
2 Band
A. Categorical, ordinal B. Categorical, nominal
2-3
C. Quantitative, discrete D. Quantitative, continuous
SQ SA A restaurant owner wants to 2 Solution
MS 14 find out what the customers
2 Band
like best about the
2-3
restaurant. Each customer is
asked to complete this
questionnaire at the end of
their meal.
Outline TWO reasons showing
why this questionnaire can be
considered to be poorly
designed for its purpose.
SQ SA A student recorded the weights Solution
MS 25 of a random sample of male
2 Band
students in his year group. The
2-5
cumulative frequency graph
displays the results.
(a) Estimate the median 1
weight of the students
surveyed.
(b) How many of the 1
students surveyed were
in the 80 – 89 kg class?
(c) Of the 300 male students in 2
the year group, how many
would be expected to weigh less than 70 kg?
(d) Describe a method that could have been used to select the random sample 1
of male students.
Page4848
18 3 A survey asked the following question. ‘How many brothers do you have?’ 1 Solution
MG How would the responses be classified?

2 A. Categorical, ordinal B. Categorical, nominal
C. Quantitative, discrete D. Quantitative, continuous
17 4 A factory’s quality control department has tested every 50th item produced for 1 Solution
MG possible defects. What type of sampling has been used?

2 (A) Random (B) Stratified (C) Systematic (D) Quantitative
16 7 Which set of data is classified as categorical and nominal? 1 Solution
MG (A) blue, green, yellow (B) small, medium, large

2 (C) 5.2 cm, 6 cm, 7.21 cm (D) 4 people, 5 people, 9 people
15 4 On a school report, a student’s record of completing homework is graded using 1 Solution
MG the following codes:

2 C = consistently U = usually S: sometimes R = rarely N = never
What type of data is this?
(A) Categorical, ordinal (B) Categorical, nominal
(C) Quantitative, continuous (D) Quantitative, discrete
SP 26a A study on the mobile phone usage of NSW high school students is to be Solution
MG conducted. Data is to be gathered using a questionnaire. The questionnaire

2 begins with the three questions shown.
Q1. Do you own a mobile phone? Yes No
11 25a
Q2. Which phone company do you use?
GM
Q3. Do you use a pre-paid or a plan? Pre-paid Plan
(i) Classify the type of data that will be collected in Q2 of the questionnaire. 1
(ii) Write a suitable question for this questionnaire that would provide 1
quantitative data.
(iii) An initial study is to be conducted using a stratified sample. Describe a 1
method that could be used to obtain a representative stratified sample.
13 6 A survey was conducted where people were asked which of two brands of 1 Solution
GM smartphones they preferred. The results were:

• 48% preferred Brand X • 52% preferred Brand Y.
A graph displaying the data is to be included in a magazine article. The editor of
the magazine wishes to ensure that the graph is not misleading in any way.
Which graph should the editor choose to include in the article?
Page4949
13 8 A high school has 100 students in each year group, Year 7 to Year 12. A survey is 1 Solution
GM to be conducted to determine the average number of text messages sent per

month by students at the school. Which of the following would provide the most
representative sample for this survey?
(A) All Year 7 students
(B) All Physics students in Years 11 and 12
(C) 20 students chosen at random from each year group
(D) 120 students chosen at random from the school roll
12 2 Handmade chocolates are check for size and shape. Every 30th chocolate is 1 Solution
GM sampled. Which term best describes this type of sampling?

(A) Census (B) Random (C) Stratified (D) Systematic
12 26 Greg needs to conduct a statistical inquiry into how much time people aged 18-25 Solution
GM d years have spent accessing social media websites in the last two weeks. He has
decided to survey a sample of students from his university. The process of
statistical inquiry includes the following steps, which are NOT in order.
A. Writing a report
B. Posing questions
C. Organising data
D. Analysing data and drawing conclusions
E. Collecting data
F. Summarising and displaying data
(i) Using the letters A, B, C, D, E and F, list 2

the steps in the most appropriate order for
Greg to conduct his statistical inquiry.
(ii) Greg conducts his statistical inquiry. 1
At which step in the process would he
have drawn this graph (at right)?
11 25 The graph displays data Solution
GM b collected at a school on the

number of students in each
Year group, who owns a mobile
phone.
(i) Which Year group has 1
the highest percentage of
students with mobile
phones?
(ii) Two students are 2
chosen at random, one
from Year 9 and one
from Year 10. Which
student is more likely to
own a mobile phone?
Justify your answer with
suitable calculations.
(iii) Identify a trend in the 1
data shown in the graph.
Page5050

S1.2: Summary statistics Back

Reference
Sheet
21 3 The stem-and-leaf plot shows the number of goals 1 Solution

MS scored by a team in each of ten netball games.
2
What is the mode of this dataset?
A. 5 B. 18
C. 25 D. 29
Page5151
21 7 The number of downloads of a song 1 Solution
MS on each of twenty consecutive days

2 is shown in the following graph.
Which of the following graphs best
shows the cumulative number of
downloads up to and including each
day?
21 17 The five-number summary of a dataset is given. 2 Solution

MS Lowest score = 1
2
Lower quartile (Q1) = 4
Median (Q2) = 7
Upper quartile (Q3) = 10
Highest score = 20
Is 20 an outlier? Justify your answer with calculations.
20 7 Which histogram represents a dataset that is positively skewed? 1 Solution
MS
2

20 28 Consider the following dataset. 4 Solution
MS
2 1 5 9 10 15
Suppose a new value, x, is added to this dataset, giving the following,
1 5 9 10 15 x
It is known that x is greater than 15. It is also known that the difference between
the means of the datasets is equal to ten times the difference between the medians
of the two datasets.
Calculate the value of x.
Page5252
19 19 The heights, in centimetres, of 10 players on a basketball team are shown. 3 Solution

MS 170, 180, 185, 188, 192, 193, 193, 194, 196, 202
2
Is the height of the shortest player on the team considered an outlier?
Justify your answer with calculations.
19 39 Two netball teams, Team A and Team B, each played 5 Solution
MS 15 games in a tournament. For each team, the
2
number of goals scored in each game was recorded.
The frequency table shows the data for Team A.
The data for Team B was analysed to create the box

plot below.
Compare the distributions of the number of goals scored by the two teams.
Support your answer with the construction of a box-plot for the data for Team A.
SQ SA A dataset has the following five-number 1 Solution
MS 2 summary.
2 Band
If the range of the dataset is 7, what is the
2-3
minimum value of the dataset?
A. 1 B. 2
C. 4 D. 5

SQ SA A dataset has the following five-number 1 Solution
MS 3 summary.
2 Band
What is the Janeile range of the dataset?
2-3
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4

SQ SA The box-plots show the results 1 Solution
MS 10 of a test sat by two classes,
2 Band
A and B.
3-4
Which of the following statements is
true about Class B’s results when
compared to those of Class A?
A. The IQR for Class B’s results is larger than that for Class A’s results.
B. The results for Class B are more consistent than those of Class A.
C. 25% of Class B’s results are higher than all of Class A’s results.
D. 25% of Class B’s results are lower than half of Class A’s results.
Page5353
SQ SA The dot plots show the class 1 Solution

MS 11 scores in tests taken before and
2 Band
after a unit of work was
4-5
completed.
01 21 They are drawn on the same

GM scale.
Which statement about the

change in scores is correct?
A. The mean increased and the standard deviation decreased.
B. The mean increased and the standard deviation increased.
C. The mean decreased and the standard deviation decreased.
D. The mean decreased and the standard deviation increased.
SQ SA In a computer game, a player scored 180, 183, 184, 186 and 192 in the first five 1 Solution
MS 12 rounds. After playing a sixth round, the player’s average score increased by 1.
2 Band
What was the player’s score in the sixth round?
5-6
A. 185 B. 186 C. 191 D. 193
SQ SA The diagram shows the distribution Solution
MS 17 of the ages of children in a town in
2 Band
2008 and 2018.
3-5
In 2008 there were 1750 children
aged 0 – 18 years.
(a) The number of children aged 2
12 – 18 years was the same in
both 2008 and 2018. How many
children aged 0 – 18 years were
there in 2018?
(b) What would be ONE possible implication for government planning as a 2
consequence of the change in the distribution of ages from 2008 to 2018?
Justify your answer with reference to the data provided.
SQ SA Write down the five-number summary for the dataset 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18. 2 Solution
MS 24
2 Band
2-3
18 1 A set of scores has the following five-number summary. 1 Solution
MG lower extreme = 2 lower quartile = 5 median = 6

2 upper quartile = 8 upper extreme = 9
What is the range?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 6 D. 7
Page5454
18 6 A set of data is displayed 1 Solution
MG in this dot plot.

2 Which of the following
best describes this set of
data?
A. Symmetrical
B. Positively skewed
C. Negatively skewed
D. Normally distributed

18 11 A set of data is summarised in this 1 Solution
MG frequency distribution table.

2
Which of the following is true
about the data?
A. Mode = 7, median = 5.5

B. Mode = 7, median = 6
C. Mode = 9, median = 5.5
D. Mode = 9, median = 6

18 26 The graph displays the mean Solution
MG d monthly rainfall in Sydney and

2 Perth.
(i) For how many months is the 1
mean monthly rainfall
higher in Perth than
Sydney?
(ii) For which of the two cities 1
is the standard deviation
of the mean monthly
rainfall smaller? Justify your
answer WITHOUT calculations.
18 26 A cumulative frequency table for a data 2 Solution
MG e set is shown.
2
What is the interquartile range for this
data set?
Page5555
17 1 The box-and-whisker plot for a set of data is shown. 1 Solution
MG
2
What is the median of this set of data?

(A) 15 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 35
17 27 Jamal surveyed eight households in his street. He asked them how many kilolitres Solution
MG a (kL) of water they used in the last year. Here are the results.
2 220, 105, 101, 450, 37, 338, 151, 205
(i) Calculate the mean of this set of data. 1
(ii) What is the population standard deviation of this set of data, correct to one 1
decimal place?
17 30 A set of data has a lower quartile (QL) of 10 and an upper quartile (QU) of 16. 2 Solution
MG a What is the maximum possible range for this set of data if there are no outliers?
2
16 19 A soccer referee wrote down the number of goals scored in 9 different games during 1 Solution
MG the season.
2 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 8, 9,
The last number has been omitted. The range of the data is 10.
What is the five-number summary for this data set?
(A) 2, 3, 5, 8.5, 12 (B) 2, 3, 5, 8.5, 10 (C) 2, 3, 5, 8, 12 (D) 2, 3, 5, 8, 10
16 21 A grouped data frequency 1 Solution
MG table is shown. What is the

2 mean for this set of data?
(A) 6.5
(B) 10.5
(C) 11.9
(D) 12.4

16 22 The box-and-whisker plots show 1 Solution
MG the results of a History test and

2 a Geography test.
In History, 112 students
completed the test.
The number of students who
scored above 30 marks was the
same for the History test and
the Geography test.
How many students completed
the Geography test?
(A) 8 (B) 50
(C) 56 (D) 112
16 27 A small population consists of three students of heights 153 cm, 168 cm and 2 Solution
MG b 174 cm. Samples of varying sizes can be taken from this population. What is the
2 mean of the mean heights of all the possible samples? Justify your answer.
Page5656
16 27 The heights 2 Solution
MG c of 400
2 students
were
measured.
The results
are displayed
in this
cumulative
frequency
polygon.
Use the
polygon to
estimate the
interquartile
range.

16 29 The ages of members of a 3 Solution
MG c dance class are shown in the

2 back-to-back stem-and-leaf
plot. Pat claims that the women
who attend the dance class are
generally older than the men. Is
Pat correct? Justify your answer
by referring to the median and
skewness of the two sets of
data.
15 6 The times, in minutes, that a large group of students spend on exercise per day 1 Solution
MG are presented in the box-and-whisker plot.

2
What percentage of these students spend between 40 minutes and 60 minutes

per day on exercise?
(A) 17% (B) 20% (C) 25% (D) 50%
15 27 In a small business, the seven employees earn the following wages per week: Solution
MG d $300, $490, $520, $590, $660, $680, $970.

2 (i) Is the wage of $970 an outlier for this set of data? Justify your answer with 2
calculations.
(ii) Each employee receives a $20 pay increase. What effect will this have on 1
the standard deviation?
Page5757
15 29 Data from 200 recent house sales are Solution
MG d grouped into class intervals and a

2 cumulative frequency histogram is
drawn.
(i) Use the graph to estimate the 1
median house price.
(ii) By completing the table, 3

calculate the mean house
price.

14 14 Twenty Year 12 students were surveyed. These students were asked how many 1 Solution
MG hours of sport they play per week, to the nearest hour. The results are shown in
2 the frequency table.
What is the mean number of hours of sport played by the students per week?
(A) 3.3 (B) 4.3 (C) 5.0 (D) 5.3
14 26 The times taken for 160 music downloads 2 Solution
MG e were recorded, grouped into classes and then

2 displayed using the cumulative frequency
histogram shown.
On the diagram, draw the lines that are

needed to find the median download time.
Page5858
14 29 Terry and Kim each sat twenty class Solution
MG c tests. Terry’s results on the tests are

2 displayed in the box-and-whisker
plot.
(i) Kim’s 5-number summary for 1
the tests is 67, 69, 71, 73, 75.
Draw a box-and-whisker plot
to display Kim’s results below
that of Terry’s results.
(ii) What percentage of Terry’s results were below 69? 1
(iii) Terry claims that his results were better than Kim’s. Is he correct? Justify 4
your answer by referring to the summary statistics and the skewness of the
distributions.
SP 8i 1 Solution
MG The graphs show the

2 distribution of the ages of 2012
children in Numbertown
in 2002 and 2012.
2002
In 2002, Numbertown had 1950 children aged 0-18 years. The number of children
aged 12-18 years was the same in both 2002 and 2012. How many children aged
0-18 years were there in Numbertown in 2012?
(A) 1950 (B) 2600 (C) 2625 (D) 3900
SP 14 A data set of nine scores has a median of 7. The scores 6, 6, 12 and 17 are 1 Solution
MG2 added to this data set. What is the median of the data set now?
11 14 (A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9
GM
SP 27 Data were collected from 20 students on the Solution
MG c number of text messages that they had sent in the

2 previous 24 hours. The set of data collected is
displayed in the stem-and-leaf plot.
(i) What is the interquartile range of the data? 1
(ii) Is 51 an outlier for this set of data? Justify 2

your answer using suitable calculations.
Page5959
13 14 The July sale prices for properties in a suburb were: 1 Solution
GM $552 000, $595 000, $607 000, $607 000, $682 000 and $685 000.
On 1 August, another property in the same suburb was sold for over one million
dollars. If this property had been sold in July, what effect would it have had on
the mean and median sale prices for July?
(A) Both the mean and the median would have changed.
(B) Neither the mean nor the median would have changed.
(C) The mean would have changed and the median would have stayed the same.
(D) The mean would have stayed the same and the median would have changed.
13 15 The frequency histogram shows the number of 1 Solution
GM goals scored by a football team in each game

in a season.
What was the mean number of goals scored

per game by this team?
(A) 4
(B) 4.5
(C) 5
(D) 5.5

13 26 Write down a set of six data values that has a range of 12, a mode of 12 and a 2 Solution
GM b minimum value of 12.

13 26 Jason travels to work Solution
GM f by car on all five days

of his working week,
leaving home at 7 am
each day. He compares
his travel times using
roads without tolls and
roads with tolls over a
period of 12 working
weeks.
He records his travel times (in minutes) in a back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot.
(i) What is the modal travel time when he uses roads without tolls? 1
(ii) What is the median travel time when he uses roads without tolls? 1
(iii) Describe how the two data sets differ in terms of the spread and skewness 2
of their distributions.
Page6060
13 27 A retailer has collected Solution
GM c data on the number of

televisions that he sold
each week in 2012. He
grouped the data into
classes and displayed the
data using a cumulative
frequency histogram and
polygon (ogive).
(i) Use the cumulative 2

frequency polygon
to determine the
interquartile range.
(ii) Oscar said that the 1

retailer sold 300
televisions in 6 of
the weeks in 2012.
Is he correct? Give
a reason for your
answer.
12 1 A set of 15 scores is displayed in a stem-and- 1 Solution
GM leaf plot. What is the median of these scores?
(A) 7 (B) 8
(C) 77 (D) 78

12 28 The test results in English Solution
GM d and Mathematics for a

class were recorded and
displayed in the box-and-
whisker plots.
(i) What is the interquartile range for English? 1

(ii) Compare and contrast the two sets by referring to the skewness of the 3
distributions and the measures of location and spread.
11 7 A set of data is displayed in this 1 Solution
GM box-and-whisker plot.
Which of the following best
describes this set of data?
(A) Symmetrical
(B) Positively skewed
(C) Negatively skewed
(D) Normally distributed
Page6161
11 11 The sets of data, X and Y, are 1 Solution
GM displayed in the histograms.

Which of these statements are
true?
(A) X has a larger mode and Y
has a larger range
(B) X has a larger mode and
the ranges are the same
(C) The modes are the same
and Y has a larger range
(D) The modes are the same
and the ranges are the same
11 17 The heights of the players in a basketball team were recorded as 1.8 m, 1.83 m, 1 Solution
GM 1.84 m, 1.86 m and 1.92 m. When a sixth player joined the team, the average
height of the players increased by 1 centimetre. What was the height of the sixth
player?
(A) 1.85 m (B) 1.86 m (C) 1.91 m (D) 1.93 m
11 25 Data was collected from 30 students Solution
GM d on the number of text messages

they had sent in the previous 24
hours. The set of data collected is
displayed.
(i) What is the outlier for this 1
set of data?
(ii) What is the interquartile 1
range of the data collected
from the female students?
Page6262

Back
S2: Relative frequency and probability
Reference
Sheet
Page6363
21 11 There are 8 chocolates in a box. 1 Solution
MS Three have peppermint centres (P)

2 and five have caramel centres (C).
Kim randomly chooses a chocolate
from the box and eats it. Sam then
randomly chooses and eats one of
the remaining chocolates.
A partially completed probability
tree is shown.
What is the probability that Kim and Sam choose chocolates with different centres?
15 15 15 15
A. B. C. D.
64 56 32 28
20 15 The top of a rectangular table is divided into 8 equal 1 Solution

MS sections as shown.
2
A standard die with faces labelled 1 to 6 is rolled onto the
table.
The die is equally likely to land in any of the 8 sections of the table. If the die does
not land entirely in one section of the table, it is rolled again.
A score is calculated by multiplying the value shown on the top face of the die by
the number shown in the section of the table where the die lands.
What is the probability of getting a score of 6?
1 1 1 1
A B C D
48 12 8 6
19 20 A roulette wheel has the numbers 0, 1, 2, …, 36 where 2 Solution
MS each of the 37 numbers is equally likely to be spun.
2
If the wheel is spun 18 500 times, calculate the expected

frequency of spinning the number 8.

19 25 A bowl of fruit contains 17 apples of which 9 are red and 8 are green. 3 Solution
MS Dennis takes one apple at random and eats it. Margaret also takes an apple at
2
random and eats it.
By drawing a probability tree diagram, or otherwise, find the probability that
Dennis and Margaret eat apples of the same colour.
Page6464
SQ SA A game involves a spinner that can land on one 1 Solution

MS 6 of three colours, as shown.
2 Band
The spinner is spun twice.
2-3
Which expression gives the probability of landing
on green both times?
1 1 1 1
A. × B. +
6 6 6 6
60 60 60 60
C. × D. +
100 100 100 100

SQ SA Three raffles were held with 10 tickets sold in each. One prize was awarded in 4 Solution
MS 15 each raffle.
2 Band
A boy bought one ticket in each of the first two raffles. A girl bought two tickets
2-6
in the last raffle.
Determine who had the better chance of winning at least one prize.
SQ SA In a bag are 10 red marbles (R) and 5 blue 3 Solution
MS 22 marbles (B).
2 Band
2-5
Two marbles are selected at random.
A partially completed probability tree is

shown.
Complete the probability tree and calculate

the probability of selecting two marbles of
different colours.

TG 1 Lou and Ali are on a fitness 1 Solution
program for one month. The

SP 23 probability that Lou will finish
MG the program successfully is 0.7
2 while the probability that Ali
will finish successfully is 0.6.
10 20 The probability tree shows this
GM information. What is the
probability that only one of
them will be successful?
(A) 0.18 (B) 0.28
(C) 0.42 (D) 0.46

NESA Mathematics Standard Year 11 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis
18 9 An experiment has three distinct outcomes, A, B and C. Outcome A occurs 50% 1 Solution
MG of the time. Outcome B occurs 23% of the time. What is the expected number of
2 times outcome C would occur if the experiment is conducted 500 times?
A. 115 B. 135 C. 250 D. 365
Page6565
18 20 During a year, the maximum 1 Solution
MG temperature each day was

2 recorded. The results are
shown in the table.
From the days with a
maximum temperature less
than 25oC, one day is selected
at random.
What is the probability, to the
nearest percentage, that the
selected day occurred during
winter?
A 19% B. 25% C. 32% D. 77%
18 26a Jeremy rolled a biased 6-sided 1 Solution
MG die a number of times. He

2 recorded the results in a table.
What is the relative frequency
of rolling a 3?
18 30d A game consists of two tokens 2 Solution
MG being drawn at random from a

2 barrel containing 20 tokens.
There are 17 tokens labelled
10 cents and 3 tokens labelled
$2. The player wins the total
value of the two tokens drawn.
(i) Complete the probability
tree by writing the missing
probabilities in the boxes.
(ii) Not applicable for Maths
Standard 2 course.

17 5 In a survey of 200 randomly selected Year 12 students it was found that 180 use 1 Solution
MG social media. Based on this survey, approximately how many of 75 000 Year 12
2 students would be expected to use social media?
(A) 60 000 (B) 67 500 (C) 74 980 (D) 75 000
17 15 The faces on a twenty-sided die are labelled $0.05, $0.10, $0.15, …, $1.00. The 1 Solution
MG die is rolled once. What is the probability that the amount showing on the upper
2 face is more than 50 cents but less than 80 cents?
1 3 7 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 10 20 2
17 24 A deck of 52 playing cards contain 12 picture cards. Two cards are drawn at 1 Solution
MG random and placed on a table. What is the probability, correct to four decimal
2 places, that exactly one picture card is on the table?
(A) 0.0498 (B) 0.1810 (C) 0.3550 (D) 0.3620
Page6666
17 29 A group of Year 12 students was Solution
MG c surveyed. The students were

2 asked whether they live in the
city or the country. They were
also asked if they have ever
waterskied. The results are
recorded in the table.
(i) A person is selected at random from the group surveyed. Calculate the 2
probability that the person lives in the city, and has never waterskied.
(ii) A newspaper article claimed that Year 12 students who live in the country are 2
more likely to have waterskied than those who live in the city. Is this true, based
on the survey results? Justify your answer with relevant calculations.
16 23 A group of 485 people 1 Solution
MG was surveyed. The

2 people were asked
whether or not they
smoke. The results are
recorded in the table.
A person is selected at
random from the group.
What is the approximate probability that the person selected is a smoker OR is
male?
(A) 33% (B) 18% (C) 68% (D) 87%
16 28 A cricket team is about to play two Solution
MG c matches. The probability of the team

2 having a win, a loss or a draw is 0.7,
0.1 and 0.2 respectively in each
match. The possible results in the two
matches are displayed in the
probability tree diagram.
(i) What is the probability of the 2
team having a win and a draw,
in any order?
(ii) Paul claims that 1.4 is the 1
probability of the team winning
both matches. Give one reason
why this is NOT correct.

15 16 7 1 Solution
MG The probability of winning a game is . Which expression represents the

10
2
probability of winning two consecutive games?
7 6 7 6 7 7 7 7
(A) × (B) × (C) × (D) ×
10 9 10 10 10 9 10 10
Page6767
15 26 The table shows the relative frequency of Solution
MG e selecting each of the different coloured jelly

2 beans from packets containing green, yellow,
black, red and white jelly beans.
(i) What is the relative frequency of selecting 1
a red jelly bean?
(ii) Based on this table of relative frequencies, 1
what is the probability of NOT selecting a
black jelly bean?
15 30 On a tray there are 12 hard-centred chocolates 3 Solution
MG b (H) and 8 soft-centre chocolates (S).

2 Two chocolates are selected at random.
A partially complete probability tree is shown.
What is the probability of selecting one of each

type of chocolate?

14 8 A group of 150 people was surveyed and the results recorded. 1 Solution
MG
2
A person is selected at random from the surveyed group. What is the probability
that the person selected is a male who does not own a mobile phone?
28 45 28 45
(A) (B) (C) (D)
150 50 70 70
14 16 In Mathsville, there are on average eight rainy days in October. Which expression 1 Solution
MG could be used to find a value for the probability that it will rain on two consecutive
2 days in October in Mathsville?
8 7 8 7 8 8 8 8
(A) × (B) × (C) × (D) ×
31 30 31 31 31 30 31 31
14 19 Jaz has 2 bags of apples. Bag A contains 4 red apples and 3 green apples. Bag B 1 Solution
MG contains 3 red apples and 1 green apple. Jaz chooses an apple from one of the
bags. Which tree diagram could be used to determine the probability that Jaz
chooses a red apple?

Page6868
14 28 A fair coin is tossed three times. Using a tree diagram, or otherwise, calculate the 2 Solution
MG2 c probability of obtaining two heads and a tail in any order.
SP 16 A group of 347 people was 1 Solution
MG surveyed and the results

2 recorded in the table.
A person is selected at
random from the surveyed
group.
What is the probability, to the nearest percent, that the person selected is either a
male who doesn’t enjoy shopping or a female who enjoys shopping?
(A) 21% (B) 22% (C) 95% (D) 96%
13 1 Which of the following events would be LEAST likely to occur? 1 Solution
GM (A) Tossing a fair coin and obtaining a head

(B) Rolling a standard six-sided die and obtaining a 3
(C) Randomly selecting the letter ‘G’ from the 26 letters of the alphabet
(D) Winning first prize in a raffle of 100 tickets in which you have 4 tickets
13 7 In an experiment, a standard six-sided die was 1 Solution
GM rolled 72 times. The results are shown in the

table. Which number on the die was obtained
the expected number of times?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 6

13 10 Students studying vocational 1 Solution
GM education courses were

surveyed about their living
arrangements. One of these
students is selected at random.
What is the probability that this student is male and living with his parent(s)?
(A) 31% (B) 40% (C) 56% (D) 77%
13 18 Two unbiased dice, each with faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are rolled. 1 Solution
GM What is the probability of obtaining a sum of 6?

1 1 5 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 12 12 36
13 26 The probability that Michael will score more than 100 points in a game of bowling Solution
GM c 31
is .
40
(i) A commentator states that the probability that Michael will score less than 1
9
100 points in a game of bowling is .
40
Is the commentator correct? Give a reason for your answer. 1
(ii) Michael plays two games of bowling. What is the probability that he scores
more than 100 points in the first game and then again in the second game?
Page6969
13 30 In a class, there are 15 girls (G) and 7 boys (B). Solution
GM b Two students are chosen at random to be class

representatives.
(i) Copy and complete the tree diagram 2
in your answer booklet.
(ii) What is the probability that the two 2
students chosen at random are of the
same gender?

12 12 Two unbiased dice, each with faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are rolled. What 1 Solution
GM is the probability of a 6 appearing on at least one of the dice?

1 11 25 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 36 36 6
12 17 A spinner with different coloured 1 Solution
GM sectors is spun 40 times. The

results are recorded in the table.
What is the relative frequency of
obtaining the colour orange?
3 1
(A) (B)
20 5
(C) 6 (D) 8

12 26 The dot plot shows the number of push-ups that 13 members of a fitness class can Solution
GM e do in one minute.
(i) What is the probability that a member selected at random from the class 1
can do more than 38 push-ups in one minute?
(ii) A new member who can do 32 push-ups in one minute joins the class. Does 1
the addition of this new member to the class change the probability
calculated in part (e) (i)? Justify your answer.
12 27 A box contains 33 scarves made from two Solution
GM e different fabrics. There are 14 scarves made

from silk (S) and 19 made from wool (W). Two
girls each select, at random, a scarf to wear from
the box.
(i) Copy and complete the probability tree 2
diagram in your answer booklet.
(ii) Calculate the probability that the two 1
scarves selected are made from silk.
(ii) Calculate the probability that the two 2
scarves are made from different fabrics.
Page7070
11 2 Which of the following could be the probability of an event occurring? 1 Solution
GM 6
(A) 1 (B) (C) 1.27 (D) 145%
5
11 15 An unbiased coin is tossed 10 times. A tail is obtained on each of the first 9 1 Solution
GM tosses. What is the probability that a tail is obtained on the 10th toss?
1 1 1 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 2 10 10
2
11 24 A die was rolled 72 times. The results Solution
GM b for this experiment are shown in the

table.
(i) Find the value of A. 1

(ii) What was the relative frequency 1
of obtaining a 4?
(iii) If the die was unbiased, which 1
number was obtained the
expected number of times?
11 25 At another school, students who Solution
GM c use mobile phones were

surveyed. The set of data is
shown in the table.
(i) How many students were 1
surveyed at this school?
(ii) Of the female students 1
surveyed, one is chosen at random. What is the probability that she uses
pre-paid?
(iii) Ten new male users are surveyed and all ten are on a plan. The set of data 1
is updated to include this information. What percentage of the male
students surveyed are now on a plan?
Give your answer to the nearest per cent.
11 26 Two spinners shown are used in a game. Solution
GM a Each arrow is spun once. The score is the

total of the two numbers shown by the
arrows.
A table is drawn to show all scores that can
be obtained in this game.
(i) What is the value of X in the table? 1
(ii) What is the probability of obtaining a 1
score less than 4?
(iii) On Spinner B, a 2 is obtained. What 1
is the probability of obtaining a score
of 3?
Page7171
twenty
Year 12: MS – A: Algebra

Back
A4.1: Simultaneous linear equations
Reference
Sheet
imn
21 34 In a park the only animals are 4 Solution
MS goannas and emus.
2
Let x be the number of goannas and
let y be the number of emus.
The number of goannas plus the
number of emus in the park is 31.
Hence x + y = 31.
Each goanna has four legs and each
Time
PPctz
eme
emu has two legs.
In total the emus and goannas have
76 legs. ↓
2
↓
4
By writing another relevant equation

and graphing both equations on the
grid on the following page, find the
number of goannas and the number
of emus in the park.
Goamas
7
24
NESA 2021 Mathematics Standard 2 HSC Examination F
I
4x + Ey 31
W
76 x+
76
=
y 4x +
=
Zy
=
↓ ↓ r
↓
x2
2x +
Ey =
62 2x +
2y
= 62
3) 76
(4x0) 2y
=
xty
=
14 +
2x =
7 x+
y
=
3) 3/
10 + y
= =
x
0 + 76
D Zy
=
7 + 3)
7
y
=
goannas
=
=
2)
y
=
24
y = 76
Deas
: 24 zy
38
is bil
iii) y
=
,
-
40 +
Zy
=
76
Plot
graph
# -
on -
-
4
36
zy =
shows at 45 mins
) The graph
tank add up to
that both
1000L (900L + 1002).
t t 015 30
-
0 15 38
U -450 0 450
100
60040 - w
constant
(trund
d
V = 1000 -
20t
38/t 15)
V = -
1000
-
- zut =S ~ 100
0
2
-
- 100 C
307-1450
-
zot I
-
- 30 t -t
30
-
1450
-50 t
↓
=#
= so
+ =
29
&

Page7272
20 24 There are two tanks on a Solution
MS property, Tank A and Tank B.

Initially, Tank A holds
↓
2
1000 litres of water and
-
Tank B is empty.
(a) Tank A begins to lose water 1
at a constant rate of 20
litres per minute.
The volume of water in ·
Tank A is modelled by
V = 1000 – 20t where V is ·
the volume in litres and t is ·

the time in minutes from -
·
ming
.
when the tank begins to &
lose water. ⑳
~
On the grid below, draw the
graph of this model and
label it as Tank A. ②
(b) Tank B remains empty until t = 15 when water is added to it at a constant rate
of 30 litres per minute.
· 2
-
By drawing a line on the grid on the previous page, or otherwise, find the value
of t when the two tanks contain the same volume of water.
(c) Using the graphs drawn, or otherwise, find the value of t (where t > 0) when 1
the total volume of water in the two tanks is 1000 litres.
-
-
19 14 Last Saturday, Luke had 165 followers on social media. Rhys had- 537 followers. 1 Solution
MS -
On average, Luke gains another 3 followers per day and Rhys loses 2 followers
2 -
per day.
-
If x represents the number of days since last Saturday and y represents the
number of followers, which pair of equations model this situation? variable
A. Luke: y = 165x + 3
O
B. Luke: y = 165 + 3x which Of
-
Rhys: y = 537x – 2 Rhys: y = 537 – 2x -

impacts/
X
C. Luke: y = 3x + 165
Rhys: y = 2x – 537
t D. Luke: y = 3 + 165x
Rhys: y = 2 – 537x
causes
change
19 36 A small business makes and sells bird Solution
MS houses. Technology was used to draw
2
straight-line graphs to represent the cost of
making bird houses (C) and the revenue
from selling bird house (R). The x-axis
displays the number of bird houses and the
y-axis displays the cost/revenue in dollars.
(a) How many bird houses need to be sold 1
to break even?
(b) By first forming equations for cost (C) 3
and revenue (R), determine how many
bird houses need to be sold to earn a
profit of $1900.
Page7373
SQ AL A computer application was used to 1 Solution

MS 6 draw the graphs of the equations
2 Band
x + y = 5 and x – y = 5.
2-3
Part of the screen is shown.
What is the solution when the
equations are solved simultaneously?
A. x = 0, y = –5
B. x = 0, y = 5
C. x = 5, y = 0
D. x = 5, y = 5

SQ AL A computer application was used to 1 Solution
MS 7 draw the graphs of the equations
2 Band
x + y = 5 and x – y = 5.
3-4
Part of the screen is shown.
Which row of the table correctly
matches the equations with the lines
drawn and identifies the solution
when the equations are solved
simultaneously?

SQ AL A student was asked to solve the following simultaneous equations. 2 Solution
MS 17 y = 2x – 1
2 Band
x – 3y + 7 = 0
3-4
After graphing the equations, the student found the point of intersection to be
(2, 3).
Is the student correct? Support your answer with calculations.
Page7474
SQ AL By graphing y = 3x – 1 3 Solution
MS 18 on the grid provided,
2 Band
find the point of
3-5
intersection of y = x +
5 and y = 3x – 1.

SQ AL Two friends, Anka and Budi, sold 5 Solution
MS 19 their cupcakes at the school cake
2 Band
stall.
2-6
Anka sold her cupcakes for
$2 each while Budi sold his for
$3 each. Their combined sales for
the first hour were $18.
If Anka sold x cupcakes and Budi
sold y cupcakes, then the
following equation can be formed:
2x + 3y = 18.
In the first hour, the friends sold
a total of 7 cupcakes between
them.
Find the number of cupcakes
each
of the friends sold during this time, by forming a second equation and solving the
simultaneous equations graphically.
17 17 The graph of the line with equation 1 Solution
MG y = 6 – 2x is shown.
2 When the graph of the line with equation
y = x + 3 is also drawn on this number plane,
what will be the point of intersection of the
two lines?
(A) (0, 6)
(B) (1, 4)
(C) (2, 2)
(D) (3, 0)
Page7575
16 4 A company manufactures phones. The 1 Solution
MG company’s income equation and cost

2 equation are drawn on the same graph.
Which region of the graph is the profit
zone?
(A) W
(B) X
(C) Y
(D) Z

SP 24 A function centre hosts events up to 500 people. The cost, C, in dollars, for the 1 Solution
MG centre to host an event, where x people attend, is given by C = 10 000 + 50x.

2 The centre charges $100 per
person. Its income I, in
11 20 dollars, is given by I = 100x.
GM How much greater is the
income of the function centre
when 500 people attend an
event, than its income at the
breakeven point?
(A) $15 000
(B) $20 000
(C) $30 000
(D) $40 000
Page7676
Year 12: MS – A: Algebra

A4.2: Non-linear relationships Back

Reference
Sheet
21 10 Which of the following best represents the graph of y = 10 (0.8)x? 1 Solution
MS
2
21 13 The time taken to clean a warehouse varies inversely with the number of cleaners 1 Solution
MS employed. It takes 8 cleaners 60 hours to clean a warehouse. Working at the same
2
rate, how many hours would it take 10 cleaners to clean the same warehouse?
A. 45 B. 48 C. 62 D. 75
Page7777
21 24 A population, P, is to be modelled using the Solution

MS function P = 2000(1.2)t, where t is the time in
2 years.
(a) What is the initial population? 1
(b) Find the population after 5 years. 1
(c) On the axes below, draw the graph of the 2
population against time, showing the
points at t = 0 and at t = 5.

21 35 A publisher sells a book for $10. At this price, 5000 copies of the book will be sold Solution
MS and the revenue raised will be 5000 × 10 = $50 000. The publisher is considering
2
increasing the price of the book. For every dollar the price of the book is
increased, the publisher will sell 50 fewer copies of the book. If the publisher
charges (10 + x) dollars for each book, a quadratic model for the revenue raised,
R, from selling the books is R = −50x2 + 4500x + 50 000.
A graph of this quadratic model for revenue is shown. A dashed line is used for
values of x which are not relevant to the practical context of this problem.
(a) By first finding a suitable value of x, 2
find the price the publisher should
charge for each book to maximise the
revenue raised from sales of the book.
(b) Find the value of the intercept of the 1
parabola with the vertical axis.

20 1 Which of the following could represent the graph of y = –x2 + 1? 1 Solution
MS
2
Page7878
20 19 A fence is to be built around Solution

MS the outside of a rectangular
2
paddock. An internal fence is
also to be built.
The side lengths of the
paddock are x metres and
y metres, as shown in the
diagram.
A total of 900 metres of
fencing is to be used.
Therefore 3x + 2y = 900.
The area, A, in square metres,
of the rectangular paddock is
given by A = 450x – 1.5x2.
The graph of this equation is
shown.
(a) If the area of the paddock is 30 000 m2, what is the largest possible value of x? 1
(b) Find the values of x and y so that the area of the paddock is as large as 2
possible.
(c) Using your values from part (b), find the largest possible area of the paddock. 1
20 33 The graph shows the number of Solution
MS bacteria, y, at time n minutes.

2 Initially (when n = 0) the number of
bacteria is 1000.
(a) Find the number of bacteria at 1
40 minutes.
(b) The number of bacteria can be 2
modelled by the equation
y = A × bn, where A and b are
constants.
Use the guess and check
method to find, to two decimal
places, an upper and lower
estimate for the value of b. The
upper and lower estimates must
differ by 0.01.
Page7979
19 31 A rectangle has width w centimetres. Solution

MS The area of the rectangle, A, in
2
square centimetres, is A = 2w2 + 5w.
The graph of A = 2w2 + 5w is shown.
(a) Explain why, in this context, the 1
model A = 2w2 + 5w only makes
sense for the bold section of the
graph.
(b) The area of the rectangle is 2
18 cm2.
Calculate the perimeter of the
rectangle.

19 33 The time taken for a car to travel Solution
MS between two towns at a constant
2
speed varies inversely with its speed.
It takes 1.5 hours for the car to travel
between the two towns at a constant
speed of 80 km/h.
(a) Calculate the distance between 1
the two towns.
(b) By first plotting four points, draw 3
a curve that shows the time
taken to travel between the two
towns at different constant
speeds.
Page8080
SQ AL The graph shows the relationship between the age 1 Solution

MS 9 of a car’s engine and the car’s expected fuel
2 Band
consumption.
5-6
Assume that the fuel price is constant over time.
Which pair of graphs best represents the fuel price
over time and the amount expected to be spent
on fuel as this car’s engine ages?

SQ AL A gardener has created a rectangular garden 1 Solution
MS 10 bed with 24 metres of fencing, using a wall
2 Band
as one side of its bed. The plan for the
5-6
garden bed is shown, where w metres is the
width. Which equation gives the area, A, of
the garden bed?
A. A = 12w – w2 B. A = 12w – 2w2
C. A = 24w – w 2
D. A = 24w – 2w2 NOT TO SCALE
Page8181
SQ AL A diver springs upwards from a 2 Solution

MS 16 diving board, then plunges into
2 Band
the water.
2-3
The diver’s height above the
water as it varies with time is
modelled by a quadratic
function.
Graphing software is used to
produce the graph of this
equation.
Complete the following
sentences, based on the given
graph.
The diver is above the water for a period of …………………..…
The maximum height that the diver reaches above the diving board is ………………….
SQ AL The number of years N required to carry out a Solution
MS 20 project varies inversely with how much money
2 Band
$M is spent on it. If $50 000 is spent on the
3-4
project, it takes 5 years to complete, as shown in
the graph.
(a) Find an equation for the graph in terms of
k 1
M and N in the form N = , where k is a
M
constant.
(b) The project needs to be carried out in one
year or less. What is the least amount of 1
money that could be spent in order to achieve this timeline?
SQ AL A student is investigating Solution
MS 21 stopping distances for a car
2 Band
travelling at different speeds.
2-4
To model this, the student
09 28 uses the equation
GM a d = 0.01s2 + 0.7s, where
d is the stopping distance in
metres and s is the speed of
the car in km/h. The graph of
this equation is drawn.
(a) The student knows that 1
only part of this curve applies
to the model for stopping
distances. On the graph
drawn, show or highlight
clearly the part of this curve
that applies for stopping
distances.
(b) What is the difference between the stopping distances when travelling at a 1
speed of 40 km/h and when travelling at a speed of 70 km/h?
Page8282
SQ AL Lucy throws a ball vertically into the air. 2 Solution

MS 22 The graph shows the height of the ball
2 Band Not to scale
above the ground at time t seconds.
3-4
How far has the ball travelled by the time it
hits the ground?

TG 1 In 2010, the city of Thagoras Solution
modelled the predicted

12 30 population of the city using the
GM c equation P = A(1.04)n. That
year, the city introduced a
policy to slow its population
growth. The new predicted
population was modelled using
the equation P = A(b)n. In both
equations, P is the predicted
population and
n is the number of years after
2010. The graph shows the two
predicted populations.
(i) Use the graph to find the 1
predicted population of
Thagoras in 2030 if the
population policy had
NOT been introduced.
(ii) In each of the two 1
equations given, the
value of A is 3 000 000.
What does A represent?
(iii) The guess-and-check method is to be used to find the value of b,
in P = A(b)n.
(1) Explain, with or without calculations, why 1.05 is not a suitable first 1
estimate for b.
(2) With n = 20 and P = 4 460 000, use the guess-and-check method 2
and the equation P = A(b)n to estimate the value of b to two decimal
places. Show at least TWO estimate values for b, including
calculations and conclusions.
(iv) The city of Thagoras was aiming to have a population under 7 000 000 2
in 2050. Does the model indicate that the city will achieve this aim?
Justify your answer with suitable calculations
Page8383
18 4 Which graph best represents the equation y = x2 – 2? 1 Solution
MG
2 A B C D

18 29 When people walk in snow, the Solution
MG c depth (D cm) of each footprint

2 depends on both the area
(A cm2) of the shoe sole and
the weight of the person. The
graph shows the relationship
between the area of the shoe
sole and the depth of the
footprint in snow, for a group
of people of the same weight.
(i) The graph is a hyperbola 2
because D is inversely
proportional to A. The
point P lies on the hyperbola. Find the equation relating D and A.
(ii) A man from this group walks in snow and the depth of his footprint is 4 cm. 1
Use your equation from part (i) to calculate the area of his shoe size.
17 28 A movie theatre has 200 seats. Solution
MG e Each ticket currently costs $8.

2 The theatre owners are
currently selling all
200 tickets for each session.
They decide to increase the
price of tickets to see if they
can increase the income
earned from each movie
session. It is assumed that for
one dollar increase in ticket
price, there will be 10 fewer
tickets sold. A graph showing
the relationship between an
increase in ticket prices and
the income is shown.
(i) What ticket price should be 1
charged to maximise the
income from a movie session?
(ii) What is the number of 1
tickets sold when the income is maximised?
(iii) The cost to the theatre owners of running each session is $500 plus $2 per 2
ticket sold. Calculate the profit earned by the theatre owners when the income
from a session is maximized.
Page8484
16 29 The mass M kg of Solution
MG b a baby pig at age

2 x days is given by
M = A(1.1)x where
A is a constant.
The graph of this
equation is shown.
(i) What is the 1
value of A?
(ii) What is the 1
daily growth
rate of the
pig’s mass.
Write your
answer as a
percentage.

15 28 A charity seeks to raise Soluion
MG f money by telephoning
2 people at random from a
call centre and asking
them to donate. Over the
years, this charity has
found that the amount of
money raised ($A) is
related to the number of
telephone calls made (n).
A graph of this
relationship is shown.
It costs the charity
$2100 per week to run
the call centre. It also
costs an average of 50
cents per telephone call.
(i) Write an equation to represent the total cost, C, of running the call centre 1
for a week in which n phone calls are made.
(ii) By graphing this equation on the axes above, determine the number of 2
phone calls the charity needs to make in order to break even?
15 29 A diver springs upwards from a 2 Solution
MG e diving board, then plunges into

2 the water. The diver’s height
above the water as it varies with
time is modelled by a quadratic
function. Graphing software is
used to produce the graph of
this function. Explain how the
graph could be used to
determine how high above the
height of the diving board the
diver was when he reached his
maximum height.
Page8585
14 3 The diagram shows the graph of 1 Solution
MG an equation. Which of the

2 following equations does the
graph best represent?
3
(A) y= +1
x
(B) y = 3x + 1
(C) y = 3x2 + 1
(D) y = 3x3 + 1

14 29a The cost of hiring an Solution
MG open space for a music

2 festival is $120 000.
The cost will be equally
shared by the people
attending the festival,
so that C (in dollars) is
the cost per person
when n people attend
the festival.
(i) Complete the table 1
by filling in the
THREE missing
values.
(ii) Using the values 2
from the table,
draw the graph
showing the
relationship
between n and C.
(iii) What equation 1
represents the relationship between n and C?
(iv)Give ONE limitation of this equation in relation to this context. 1
(v) Is it possible for the cost per person to be $94? Support your answer with 1
appropriate calculations.
SP 29b Continues from part (i) where the capacity of a water tank is found to be 2862 L. 2 Solution
MG ii The tank was found to be leaking, losing 5% of its volume each day. The volume
2 of the water remaining in the tank after it began leaking can be modelled using
the equation V = b(0.95)n where
V is the volume of the water remaining in the tank
b is the volume of the tank when it began leaking
n is the number of days since the tank began leaking
The tank was initially full.
How much water had the tank lost three weeks after it began leaking?
Assume no water was added during these three weeks.
Page8686
13 22 Leanne wants to build a rectangular vegetable 1 Solution
GM garden in her backyard. She has 20 metres of

fencing and will use a wall as one side of the
garden. The plan for her garden is shown,
where x metres is the width of her garden.
Which equation gives the area, A, of the
vegetable garden?
(A) A = 10x – x2
(B) A = 10x – 2x2 Not to Scale
(C) A = 20x – x2
(D) A = 20x – 2x2
13 30a Wind turbines are used to generate power. Solution
GM In theory, the power that could be generated by a wind turbine is modelled using
the equation T = 20 000w3
where T is the theoretical power generated, in watts
w is the speed of the wind, in metres per second.
(i) Using this equation, what is the theoretical power generated by a wind 1
turbine of the wind speed is 7.3 m/s?
(ii) In practice, the actual power generated by a wind turbine is only 40% of 1
the theoretical power. If A is the actual power generated, in watts, write an
equation for A in terms of w.
The graph shows both the theoretical power generated and the actual power
generated by a particular wind turbine.
(iii) Using the graph, or 1
otherwise, find the
difference between the
theoretical power and
the actual power
generated when the
wind speed is 9 m/s.
(iv) A particular farm 1
requires at least 4.4
million watts of actual
power to be self-
sufficient. What is
the minimum wind
speed required for the
farm to be self-
sufficient?
(v) A more accurate formula to calculate the power (P) generated by a wind 3
turbine is P = 0.61 ×  × r2 × w3
where r is the length of each blade, in metres
w is the speed of the wind, in metres per second.
Each blade of a particular wind turbine has a length of 43 metres.
The turbine operates at a wind speed of 8 m/s. Using the formula above, if
the wind speed increased by 10%, what would be the percentage increase
in the power generated by this wind turbine?
Page8787
12 15 The time taken to complete a journey varies inversely with the speed of a car. A 1 Solution
GM car takes 6 hours to complete a journey when travelling at 60 km/h. How long
would the same journey take if the car were travelling at 100 km/h?
(A) 36 minutes (B) 1 hour and 40 minutes
(C) 3 hours and 6 minutes (D) 3 hours and 36 minutes
12 30 A golf ball is hit from point A to Solution
GM b point B, which is on the ground

as shown. Point A is 30 metre
above the ground and the
horizontal distance from point A
to point B is 300 m. The path of
the ball is modelled using the
equation
h = 30 + 0.2d – 0.001d2 where
h is the height of the golf ball
above the ground in metres,
and d is the horizontal distance
of the golf ball from point A in
metres.

drawn opposite.
(i) What is the maximum 1
height the ball
reaches above the
ground?
(ii) There are two 1
occasions when the golf
ball is at a height of 35
metres. What horizontal
distance does the ball
travel in the period
between these two
occasions?
(iii) What is the height of the ball above the ground when it still has to travel a 1
horizontal distance of 50 metres to hit the ground at point B?
(iv) Only part of the graph applies to this model. Find all values of d that are 2
not suitable to use with this model, and explain why these values are not
suitable.
11 6 Which of the following graphs best describes the equation y = ax, where a is a 1 Solution
GM positive number greater than 1?
Page8888
11 26 Jack needs to find the number of years, t, it will take for a population of bats to Solution
GM b first exceed 18 000. He uses a ‘guess-and-check’ method to estimate t in the

following equation
5 × 3t = 18 000.
Here is his working: Try t = 9
5 × 39 = 98 415
Conclusion: t = 9 is too big.
(i) Jack’s next guess is t = 6. Show Jack’s correct working for this guess, 1
including the calculation and conclusion.
(ii) Continue using the ’guess-and-check’ method to find the number of years, 2
t, it will take for the population to first exceed 18 000, if t is a whole
number. Include the calculations and conclusions.
11 28 The air pressure, P, in a bubble varies inversely with the volume, V, of the bubble. Solution
GM a (i) Write an equation relating P, V and a, where a is a constant. 1

(ii) It is known that P = 3 when V = 2. 2
By finding the value of the constant, a, find the value of P when V = 4.
(iii) Sketch the graph to show how P varies for different values of V. Use the 2
horizontal axis to represent volume and the vertical axis to represent air
pressure.
Page8989
Year 12: MS – M: Measurement

M6: Non-right-angled trigonometry Back

Reference
Sheet
21 14 Consider the diagram shown. 1 Solution

MS
2 What is the true bearing of A from B?
A. 025o B. 065o
C. 115o D. 295o

21 32 A right-angled triangle XYZ is cut out Solution
MS from a semicircle with centre O.
2 The length of the diameter XZ is 16
cm and YXZ = 30°, as shown on the
diagram.
(a) Find the length of XY in cm, 2
(b) Hence, find the area of the shaded region in square centimetres, correct to 3
one decimal place.
Page9090
21 37 The diagram shows a triangle ABC 3 Solution

MS where AC = 25 cm, BC = 16 cm,
2 BAC = 28° and angle ABC is obtuse.
Find the size of the obtuse angle ABC

correct to the nearest degree.
21 39 The diagram shows a compass radial Solution
MS survey of the field ABCD.
2
(a) Triangle COB has an area of 466 m2. 2
Find the size of acute angle COB,
(b) A farmer wants to put a fence
3
around the triangle DOC.
Find the length of fencing
required.
Give your answer in metres
correct to one decimal place.

20 16 Consider the triangle shown. Solution
MS
2 (a) Find the value of , correct to the nearest 2
degree.
(b) Find the value of x, correct to one decimal 2
place.
20 31 Mr Ali, Ms Brown and a group of students were camping Solution
MS at the site located at P.

2
Mr Ali walked with some of the students on a bearing of Not to
035o for 7 km to location A. scale
Ms Brown, with the rest of the students, walked on a
bearing of 100o for 9 km to location B.
(a) Show that the angle APB is 65o. 1
(b) Find the distance AB. 2
(c) Find the bearing of Ms Brown’s group from Mr Ali’s group. 2
Give your answer correct to the nearest degree.
Page9191
20 32 The diagram shows a regular decagon (ten-sided shape with all 4 Solution
MS sides equal and all interior angles equal).

2 The decagon has centre O.
The perimeter of the shape is 80 cm.
By considering triangle OAB, calculate the area of the ten-sided
shape.
Give your answer in square centimetres, correct to one decimal
place.
19 4 Which compass bearing is the same as a true bearing of 110o? 1 Solution

MS A. S20oE B. S20oW C. S70oE D. S70oW
2
19 12 An owl is 7 metres above ground level, in a tree. The owl sees a mouse on the 1 Solution
MS ground at an angle of depression of 32o. How far must the owl fly in a straight line
2
to catch the mouse, assuming the mouse does not move?
A. 3.7 m B. 5.9 m C. 8.3 m D. 13.2 m
19 17 The diagram shows a triangle with sides of length 3 Solution
MS x cm, 11 cm and 13 cm and an angle of 80o.
2
Use the cosine rule to calculate the value of x,

correct to two significant figures.

19 22 Two right-angled triangles, ABC and ADC, are 3 Solution
MS shown.
2
Calculate the size of angle , correct to the

nearest minute.

19 35 A compass radial survey shows the positions of 3 Solution
MS four towns A, B, C and D relative to the point O.
2
The area of the triangle BOC is 198 km2.
Calculate the bearing of town C from point O,

Page9292
SQ ME 4 1 Solution
MS In which triangle is sin  =
1 7
2 Band
2-3
A. B. C. D.

o Solution
SQ ME Which of the following expresses S20 W as a true bearing? 1
MS 4 A. 020o B. 070o C. 160o D. 200 o
2 Band
2-3
SQ ME Abbey walks 2 km due west from home to a coffee shop. 1 Solution
MS 7 She then walks on a bearing of 148o to school, which is due south of her home.
2 Band
How far south, to the nearest 0.1 km, is Abbey from home?
4-5
A. 1.1 km B. 1.2 km C. 3.2 km D. 3.8 km
SQ ME Paul travels from A to B on a bearing of 1 Solution
MS 8 150o.
2 Band
He then turns and walks to C on a bearing
3-4
of 055o.
What is the size of  ABC?
A. 85o B. 90o
o
C. 95 D. 115o
NOT TO SCALE
SQ ME The angle of depression from a window to 1 Solution
MS 9 a car on the ground is 40o.
2 Band
The car is 50 metres from the base of the
3-4
building.
How high above the ground is the
window, correct to the nearest metre?
A. 32 m
B. 38 m
C. 42 m
D. 48 m
SQ ME A school badge is made up of an isosceles right Solution
MS 17 triangle and arcs of two circles, as shown.
2 Band
In triangle ABC, AB = AC = 2 cm. The point D is the
3-5
midpoint of BC, that is BD = CD. The arc BEC is part
of a circle with centre A. The arc BFC is part of a
circle with centre D.
(a) The hatched area (BDCE) is to be silver plated. 2
Show that this area, correct to 2 decimal places,
is 1.14 cm2.
(b) The shaded area which is not hatched (BECF) is 2
to be gold plated. Calculate this area, correct to
2 decimal places.
Page9393
SQ ME The diagram shows the three towns X, Y and Solution

MS 19 Z. Town Z is due east of Town X. The NOT TO
2 Band
bearing of Town Y from Town X is N39oE and SCALE
2-5
the bearing of Town Z from Town Y is S51oE.
The distance between Town X and Town Y is
1330 km.
A plane flies between the three towns.
(a) Mark the given information on the
diagram and explain why  XYZ is 90o. 2
(b) Find the distance between Town X and Town Z to the nearest kilometre. 2
(c) If the speed of the plane is 570 km/h, how long does the flight take from 2
Town X to Town Y, in hours and minutes?
(d) The plane is going to fly from Town Y to Town X, stopping at Town Z on the 3
way. Leaving Town Y, the pilot incorrectly sets the bearing of Town Z to
S50oE. The pilot flies for 1650 km before realizing the mistake, then changes
course and flies directly to Town X without going to Town Z.
Which is closer to Town X: Town Z or the point where the pilot changes
course? Justify your answer.
SQ ME The diagram shows the radial survey of a Solution
MS 24 piece of land.
2 Band
(a) B is south west of O. 2
2-4
What is the true bearing of C from O?
(b) What is the area of  AOB, to the 3
nearest m2?
NOT TO SCALE

SQ ME Lisa owns a piece of land as shown in the 4 Solution
MS 25 diagram. The length of BC is 230 metres.
2 Band
The size of angle BCA is 87o and of angle BAC
2-5
is 47o.
Lisa wants to build a fence along AC.
Fencing can be purchased in metre lengths at a
cost of $65 per metre. NOT TO
Calculate the cost of the fencing required. SCALE

SQ ME Find the area of triangle PQR, correct to the 4 Solution
MS 26 nearest square metre.
2 Band
3-6
NOT TO SCALE
Page9494
SQ ME The diagram shows triangle XYZ. 3 Solution

MS 27 The area of the triangle 43 m2 and  YXZ is acute.
2 Band
What is the size of  YXZ, to the nearest degree?
4-6
NOT TO SCALE

TG 1 The angle of depression from J to M is 75°. 3 Solution
The length of JK is 20 m and the length of MK is

07 25 18 m.
GM b
Calculate the angle of elevation from M to K.
Give your answer to the nearest degree.
NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 Topic Guide: Measurement

TG 2 The area of the triangle shown is 250 cm2. 1 Solution
What is the value of x, correct to the nearest

15 22 whole number?
MG
2 (A) 11 (B) 18
(C) 22 (D) 24
NOT TO SCALE
18 7 The diagram shows the positions of towns A, B 1 Solution
MG and C. Town A is due north of town B and  CAB

2 34o. What is the bearing of town C from town A?
A. 034o
B. 146o
C. 214o
D. 326o

18 12 The diagram shows a triangle with side 1 Solution
MG lengths 8 m, 9 m and 10 m. What is the

2 value of , marked on the diagram, to
the nearest degree?
A. 49o
B. 51o
C. 59o
D. 72o
Page9595
18 30 The diagram shows two triangles. 3 Solution
MG c Triangle ABC is right-angled, with

2 AB = 13 cm and  ABC = 62o.
In triangle ACD, AD = x cm and
 DAC = 40o.
The area of triangle ACD is 30 cm2.
What is the value of x, correct to
one decimal place?

17 8 The diagram shows a right-angled triangle. 1 Solution
MG What is the value of , to the nearest minute?

2 (A) 70o 16’
(B) 70o 17’
(C) 70o 27’
(D) 70o 28’

17 26 A sewer pipe needs to be placed into the 2 Solution
MG d ground so that it has a 2o angle of

2 depression. The length of the pipe is
15 000 mm. How much deeper should
one end of the pipe be compared to the Not to scale
other end? Answer to the nearest mm.

17 30 The diagram shows the location of three Solution
MG c schools. School A is 5 km due north of school

2 B, school C is 13 km from school B and  ABC
is 135o.
(i) Calculate the shortest distance from school 2
A to school C, to the nearest kilometre.
(ii) Determine the bearing of school C from 3
school A, to the nearest degree.
Page9696
16 25 The diagram shows towns A, B and C. Town B 1 Solution
MG is 40 km due north of town A. The distance

2 from B to C is 18 km and the bearing of C from
A is 025o. It is known that  BCA is obtuse.
What is the bearing of C from B?
(A) 070o
(B) 095o
(C) 110o
(D) 135o

16 30 A school playground consists of part of a circle, 5 Solution
MG c with centre O, and a rectangle as shown in the

2 diagram. The radius OB of the circle is 45 m, the
width BC of the rectangle is 20 m and  AOB is
100o.
What is the area of the whole playground, correct

to the nearest square metre?

15 7 The diagram shows a radial survey of a 1 Solution
MG field ABCD.
2
In triangle AOB, what is the size of  AOB?
(A) 51o (B) 111o

(C) 125o (D) 249o
NOT TO SCALE

15 9 From the top of a cliff 67 metres 1 Solution
MG above sea level, the angle of

2 depression of a buoy is 42o. How far
is the buoy from the base of the
cliff, to the nearest metre?
(A) 60 m (B) 74 m
(C) 90 m (D) 100 m
Page9797
15 30 From point S, which is 1.8 m above the Solution
MG e ground, a pulley at P is used to lift a flat

2 object F. The length SP and PF are 5.4 m
and 2.1 m respectively. The angle PSC is
108o.
(i) Show that the length PC is 6.197 m, 1
correct to 3 decimal places.
(ii) Calculate h, the height of the object 4
above the ground.

14 23 The following information is given about the locations of three towns X, Y and Z: 1 Solution
MG • X is due east of Z
2 • X is on a bearing of 145o from Y
• Y is on a bearing of 060o from Z
Which diagram best represents this information? (Diagrams not to scale)

14 26 Calculate the value of h correct to two 2 Solution
MG b decimal places.
2

14 28 A radial compass survey of a sports centre is Solution
MG b shown in the diagram.

2 (i) Show that the size of the angle AOB 1
is 114o.
(ii) Calculate the length of the boundary 2
AB, to the nearest metre.
(iii) Find the area of triangle AOB in 3
hectares, correct to two significant
figures.
Page9898
SP 3 The angle of depression from a 1 Solution
MG kookaburra’s feet to a worm on the ground

2 is 40o. The worm is 15 metres from a point
on the ground directly below the
11 4 kookaburra’s feet. How high above the
GM ground are the kookaburra’s feet, correct
to the nearest metre?
(A) 10 m (B) 11 m
(C) 13 m (D) 18 m
SP 10 A plane flies on a bearing of 030o from 1 Solution
MG A to B, as shown in the diagram.

2
What is the bearing of A from B?
(A) 030o (B) 150o

(C) 210o (D) 330o
13 4 What is the value of , to the nearest 1 Solution
GM degree?
(A) 31°
(B) 37°
(C) 49°
(D) 53°

13 24 What is the value of , to the nearest degree? 1 Solution
GM
(A) 21o
(B) 32o
(C) 43o
(D) 55o
Not to Scale
13 26 2 Solution
GM a Triangle PQR is shown.
Find the size of angle Q, to the nearest degree.
Page9999
13 28 2 Solution
GM a
A compass radial survey of the

field ABCD has been conducted
from O.
Find the area of the section ABO,

to the nearest square metre.

12 4 Which expression could be used to 1 Solution
GM calculate the value of x in this triangle?
(A) 29 × cos 40o (B) 29 × cos 50o
cos 40 o cos 50 o
(C) (D)
29 29
12 10 What is the area of this 1 Solution
GM triangle, to the nearest

square metre?
(A) 33 m2
(B) 37 m2
(C) 42 m2
(D) 44 m2
12 20 Town B is 80 km due north of 1 Solution
GM Town A and 59 km from

Town C. What is the bearing
of Town C from Town B?
(A) 019o
(B) 122o
(C) 161o
(D) 341o
Page 100
100
12 27 A disability ramp is 3 Solution
GM d to be constructed
to replace steps,
as shown in the
diagram. The
angle of inclination
for the ramp is to
be 5o. Calculate
the extra distance,
d, that the ramp will extend beyond the bottom step.
Give your answer to the nearest centimetre.
12 29 Raj cycles around a course. The course Solution
GM c starts at E, passes through F, G and H and

finishes at E. The distances EH and GH are
equal. 2
(i) What is the length of EF, to the
nearest kilometre? 3
(ii) What is the total distance that
Raj cycles, to the nearest
kilometre?
11 9 Two trees on level ground, 12 Not to scale 1 Solution
GM metres apart, are joined by a cable.

It is attached 2 metres above the
ground to one tree and 11 metres
above the ground to the other.
What is the length of the cable
between the two trees, correct to
the nearest metre?
(A) 9 m (B) 12 m
(C) 15 m (D) 16 m
11 24 A ship sails 6 km from A to B on a Solution
GM c bearing of 121o. It then sails 9 km to C.

The size of angle ABC is 114o.
Copy the diagram into your writing
booklet and show all the information on
it.
(i) What is the bearing of C from B? 1
(ii) Find the distance AC. Give your 2
answer correct to the nearest
kilometre.
(iii) What is the bearing of A from C? 3
Give your answer correct to the Not to Scale
nearest degree.
Page 101
101
Year 12: MS – M: Measurement

M7: Rates and ratio Back

Reference
Sheet
21 15 A total of 11 400 people entered a running race. The ratio of professional runners to 1 Solution
MS amateurs was 3:16. All the professional runners completed the race while 600 of the
2
amateurs did not complete the race. For those who completed the race, what is the
ratio, in simplest form, of professional runners to amateurs?
A. 1:2 B. 1:5 C. 1:8 D. 1:19
21 18 The fuel consumption for a car is 6.7 litres /100 km. On a road trip, the car travels a 2 Solution
MS distance of 1560 km and the fuel cost is $1.45 per litre.
2
What is the total fuel cost for this trip?
Page 102
102
21 25 A rectangular sportsground has been drawn 4 Solution

MS to scale on a 1-cm grid as shown.
2
The scale used is 1:3000.
Kerry took 12 minutes to walk around the
perimeter of this sportsground.
What was Kerry’s average speed in
kilometres per hour?

20 3 The distance between Bricktown and Koala Creek is 75 km. 1 Solution
MS
2 A person travels from Bricktown to Koala Creek at an average speed of 50 km/h.
How long does it take the person to complete the journey?
A. 40 minutes B. 1 hour 25 minutes
C. 1 hour 30 minutes D. 1 hour 50 minutes
20 17 Ayla wishes to estimate the number of trees on a square block of land measuring 2 Solution
MS 1000 m by 1000 m. She counts the number of trees on a 5 m by 5 m section of the
2
block and finds there are 8 trees.
Based on this, estimate the number of trees on the entire square block of land.
20 23 In a tropical drink, the ratio of pineapple juice Solution
MS to mango juice to orange juice is 15:9:4.
2
(a) How much orange juice is needed if the 2
tropical drink is to contain 3 litres of
pineapple juice?
(b) The internal dimensions of a drink 3
container, in the shape of a rectangular Not to scale
prism, are shown.
To completely fill the container with the tropical drink, how many litres of
mango juice are required?
20 27 The shaded region on the diagram represents a Solution
MS garden. The scale is 1 cm = 5 m.
2
(a) Use two applications of the trapezoidal rule 3
to calculate the approximate area of the
garden.
(b) Should the answer to part (a) be more 2
than, equal to or less than the actual area
of the garden? Referring to the diagram
above, briefly explain your answer.
19 2 Sugar is sold in four different sized packets. Which is the best buy? 1 Solution
MS A. 100 g for $0.40 B. 500 g for $1.65 C. 1 kg for $3.50 D. 2 kg for $6.90
2
19 18 Andrew, Brandon and Cosmo are the first three batters in the school cricket Solution
MS team. In a recent match, Andrew scored 30 runs, Brandon scored 25 runs and
Page 103
103
2 Cosmo scored 40 runs.

(a) What is the ratio of Andrew’s to Brandon’s to Cosmo’s runs, in simplest form? 2
(b) In this match, the ratio of the total number of runs scored by Andrew, 2
Brandon and Cosmo to the total number of runs scored by the whole team is
19:36. How many runs were scored by the whole team?
19 41 A map is drawn to scale, on 1-cm grid Solution
MS paper, showing the positions of a
2
supermarket and a cinema. A reservoir
is also shown.
(a) It takes 10 minutes to walk in a 3
straight line from the cinema to
the supermarket at a constant
speed of 3 km/h. Show that the
scale of the map is 1 cm = 100 m.
(b) The reservoir is initially empty. 3
During a storm 20 mm falls on the
reservoir. With the aid of one
application of the trapezoidal rule,
estimate the amount of water in
the reservoir immediately after the storm. Assume that all rain which falls
over the reservoir is stored. Give your answer in cubic metres.
SQ ME There are 10 boys in a class of 25 students. 1 Solution
MS 2 What is the ratio of boys to girls in the class?
2 Band
A. 2:3 B. 2:5 C. 3:2 D. 5:2
2-3
SQ ME A car travels 560 km on 60 L of petrol. 1 Solution
MS 6 What is its fuel consumption?
2 Band
A. 7.3 L/100 km B. 8.7 L/100 km C. 9.3 L/100 km D. 10.7 L/100
2-5
km
SQ ME The diagram shows the shape and dimensions 4 Solution
MS 16 of an outdoor area which is to be tiled.
2 Band
Tiles are sold in boxes. Each box holds one
2-5
square metre of tiles.
When calculating the number of tiles required,
10% more tiles are needed due to cutting and
wastage.
Delivery of tiles is charged at a base rate of
$55, plus a handling fee of $8 per box.
Find the total cost of delivering the boxes of
tiles required for this area. NOT TO SCALE
SQ ME A student travels to and from university five days each week. She compares the 3 Solution
MS 21 costs of two different modes of travel.
2 Band
Her motorcycle uses one litre of fuel for every 17 km travelled. The cost of fuel is
2-4
$1.47/L and the distance from her home to the university car park is 34 km.
The cost of travelling by bus is $4.71 per trip.
Which mode of travel is cheaper per week and by how much? Support your
answer with calculations.
↳
Page 104
104
SQ ME Part of a map is shown. Solution

MS 22 (a) What is the actual distance 2
2 Band
between Mount Blackberry and
2-4
Fairy Hill, in kilometres?
(Projectmaths: the actual
distance on the paper is 2 cm)
(b) Two bridges, not shown on this 2
part of the map, are 7.5 km
apart. How far apart on the
map would be the two bridges
be, in centimetres?

SQ ME In a raffle, the total prize money is shared among the first three tickets drawn in 2 Solution
MS 23 the ratio 5:3:2.
2 Band
The prize for the third ticket drawn is $300.
3-4
What is the total prize money?
SQ ME The scale diagram shows 3 Solution
MS 28 the aerial view of a block of DIAGRAM TO SCALE
2 Band
land bounded on one side
2-5
by a road. The length of the
block, AB, is known to be
45 metres.
Calculate the approximate
area of the block of land,
using three applications of
the trapezoidal rule.
[A note to students from

projectmaths: Use a ruler
to measure AB as 4.5 cm]

SQ ME A researcher used the following method to estimate a population of frogs in 3 Solution
MS 29 2018.
2 Band
• 40 frogs were caught, tagged and released.
4-6
• Later, 160 frogs were caught at random.
• 20 of these 160 frogs had been tagged.
• The estimated population of frogs in 2018 was 20% less than the
estimated population for 2014.
What was the estimated population for 2014?
TG 1 Calculate the cost of running a 2400-watt (2.4 kW) fan heater for eight hours per Solution
day for 30 days.

Assume electricity is charged at $0.18/kWh.
Page 105
105
18 10 A biologist caught a random sample of 56 parrots in a national park. She tagged 1 Solution
MG them and then released them. She later returned to the park and caught a
2
random sample of 47 parrots. In this sample 29 had been tagged. Using the
capture/recapture technique, what is the estimated number of parrots in the park?
(A) 35 (B) 74 (C) 91 (D) 132
18 26 A field diagram of a block of land Solution
M g has been drawn to scale. The

G2 shaded region ABFG is covered with
grass.
The actual length of AG is 24 m. 1
(i) Show that the scale of the
diagram is 1 cm = 3 m. 3
(ii) How much fertiliser would be
needed to fertilise the grassed
area ABFG at the rate of
26.5 g/m2?

17 2 A car is travelling at 95 km/h. How far will it travel in 2 hours and 30 minutes? 1 Solution
MG (A) 38 km (B) 41.3 km (C) 218.5 km (D) 237.5 km
2
17 26 A farmer needed to estimate the number of goats on his property. He tagged 80 2 Solution
M c of his goats. Later, he collected a random sample of 45 goats and found 16 of

G2 these had tags. Estimate the number of goats the farmer has on his property.
16 26 Peta’s car uses fuel at the rate of 5.9 L/100 km for country driving and 2 Solution
M c 7.3 L/100 km for city driving. On a trip, she drives 170 km in the country and
G2 25 km in the city. Calculate the amount of fuel she used on this trip.
16 28 Jacob has a large jar of silver coins. He adds 20 gold coins into the jar. He then Solution
MG a seals the jar and shakes it to ensure that the gold coins are mixed in thoroughly
2 with the silver coins. Jacob then opens the jar and takes out a handful of coins.
In his hand he has 33 silver coins and 4 gold coins.
(i) Based on Jacob’s handful, if a coin is selected at random from the jar, 1
what is the probability that it is a gold coin?
(ii) Jacob returns the handful of coins to the jar. 2
Estimate the total number of coins in the jar.
15 26 A farmer used the ‘capture-recapture’ technique to estimate the number of 2 Solution
M a chickens he had on his farm. He captured, tagged and released 18 of the

G2 chickens. Later, he caught 26 chickens at random and found that 4 had been
tagged. What is the estimate for the total number of chickens on this farm?
Page 106
106
15 29 The image shows a rectangular farm Solution
M c shed with a flat roof. The width of the

G2 shed indicated by the dotted line was
measured using an online ruler tool,
and found to be approximately
12 metres.
(i) By measurement and 2
calculation, show that the area
of the roof of the shed is
approximately 216 m2.
(ii) All the rain that falls onto this 3
roof is diverted into a
cylindrical water tank which
has a diameter of 3.6 m.
During a storm, 5 mm of rain
falls onto the roof. Calculate the increase in the depth of water due to the
rain that falls onto the roof during the storm.
14 22 Heather’s car uses fuel at the rate of 6.6 L per 100 km for long-distance driving 1 Solution
M and 8.9 L per 100 km for short-distance driving. She used the car to make a
G2 journey of 560 km, which included 65 km of short-distance driving.
Approximately how much fuel did Heather’s car use on the journey?
(A) 37 L (B) 38 L (C) 48 L (D) 50 L
14 28 We have modified (iii) so that Solution
M d students use the Trapezoidal

G2 rule: An aerial diagram of a
swimming pool is shown. The
swimming pool is a standard
length of 50 metres but is not
in the shape of a rectangle.
(i) By measuring the 1
length AB, determine the
scale of the diagram.
1 cm = ______ m
(ii) Using this scale,
calculate the length XY of 1
the car park, in metres.
(iii) In the diagram of the
swimming pool, the five
widths are measured to 3
be: CD = 21.88m,
F = 25.63m, GH = 31.88m,
IJ = 36.25m, KL = 21.88m
The average depth of the pool is 1.2 m
Calculate the approximate volume of the swimming pool, in cubic metres.
In your calculations, use four applications of the Trapezoidal rule.
Page 107
107
SP 27 The diagram shows 2 Solution
M f a map of the Namoi

G2 catchment region in
NSW.
The land use within
the shaded area is
mainly forestry and
conservation. Using
the scale given,
calculate the shaded
area. Give your
answer to the
nearest square
kilometre.

x13 30 Joel mixes petrol and oil in the ratio 40:1 to make fuel for his leaf blower. Solution
G c (i) Joel pours 5 litres of petrol into an empty container to make fuel for his leaf 1
M blower. How much oil should he add to the petrol to ensure that the fuel is
in the correct ratio?
(ii) Joel has 4.1 litres of fuel left in his container after filling his leaf blower. He 3
wishes to use this fuel in his lawnmower. However, his lawnmower
requires the petrol and oil to be mixed in the ratio 25 :1.
How much oil should he add to the container so that the fuel is in the
correct ratio for his lawnmower?
12 26 Bhawana purchases pool chlorine in a new container which holds 35 kg. 2 Solution
GM g
She begins using this new container on the first day of a week. How many full
weeks should this container last?
12 26 The capture-recapture technique was used to estimate a population of seals in 2 Solution
GM f 2012.
• 60 seals were caught, tagged and released.
• Later, 120 seals were caught at random
• 30 of these 120 seals had been tagged.
The estimated population of seals in 2012 was 11% less than the estimated
population for 2008. What was the estimated population for 2008?
12 27 A map has a scale of 1:500 000. Solution
GM c (i) Two mountain peaks are 2 cm apart on the map. What is the actual 1
distance between the two mountain peaks, in kilometres?
(ii) Two cities are 75 km apart. 1
How far apart are the two cities on the map, in centimetres?
Page 108
108
11 21 A train departs from Town A at 3:00 pm to travel to Town B. Its average speed 1 Solution
GM for the journey is 90 km/h, and it arrives at 5:00 pm. A second train departs
from Town A at 3:10 pm and arrives at Town B at 4:30 pm. What is the average
speed of the second train?
(A) 135 km/h (B) 150 km/h (C) 216 km/h (D) 240 km/h
11 24 Part of the floor plan of a house Solution
GM a is shown. The plan is drawn to

scale.
(i) What is the width of the 1
stairwell, in millimetres?
(ii) What are the internal 1
dimensions of the
bathroom, in millimetres?
(iii) What is the length AB, the 1
internal length of the
rumpus room, in
millimetres?
(iv) There are three identical 1
windows to be purchased
for this rumpus room. Use
the floor plan to determine
the width of the windows to
be purchased. Give your
answer in millimetres.
Page 109
109
Year 12: MS – F: Financial Mathematics

F4.1: Investments Back

Reference
Sheet
21 5 Peter currently earns $21.50 per hour. His hourly wage will increase by 2.1% 1 Solution
MS compounded each year for the next four years.
2
What will his hourly wage be after four years?
A. 21.50(1.21)4 B. 21.50(1.021)4
C. 21.50 + 21.50 × 0.21 × 4 D. 21.50 + 21.50 × 0.021 × 4
21 26 Nina plans to invest $35 000 for 1 year. She is offered two different investment Solution
MS options.
2
Option A: Interest is paid at 6% per annum compounded monthly.
Option B: Interest is paid at r % per annum simple interest.
(a) Calculate the future value of Nina’s investment after 1 year if she chooses 2
Option A.
(b) Find the value of r in Option B that would give Nina the same future value 2
after 1 year as for Option A. Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
21 30 Ariana owns 1500 shares in a company. The market price for each share is $27. 2 Solution
MS Ariana’s total dividend from these shares is $810.
2
Calculate the dividend yield for her shares.
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110
20 4 Joan invests $200. She earns interest at 3% per annum, compounded monthly. 1 Solution
MS
2 What is the future value of Joan’s investment after 1.5 years?
A $209.07 B $209.19 C $279.51 D $311.93
20 21 The inflation rate over the year from January 2019 to January 2020 was 2%. 2 Solution
MS
2 The cost of a school jumper in January 2020 was $122.
Calculate the cost of the jumper in January 2019 assuming that the only change
in price of the jumper was due to inflation.
20 29 Jana owns a share 3 Solution
MS portfolio. Details of
2
her share portfolio
at 30 June 2020 are
given in the table.
Jana received a total annual dividend of $149.52 from her share portfolio.
Calculate the number of shares Jana has in company XYZ on 30 June 2020.
19 3 Chris opens a bank account and deposits $1000 into it. Interest is paid at 3.5% 1 Solution
MS per annum, compounding annually. Assuming no further deposits or withdrawals
2
are made, what will be the balance in the account at the end of two years?
A. $1070.00 B. $1071.23 C. $1822.50 D. $2070.00
19 13 The graphs show the future values over 1 Solution
MS time of $P, invested at three different rates
2
of compound interest.
Which of the following correctly identifies
each graph?
A. W: 5% pa, compounding annually
X: 10% pa, compounding annually
Y: 10% pa, compounding quarterly
B. W: 5% pa, compounding annually
X: 10% pa, compounding quarterly
Y: 10% pa, compounding annually
C. W: 10% pa, compounding quarterly
D. W: 10% pa, compounding annually
19 21 A person owns 1526 shares with a market value of $8.75 per share. 2 Solution
MS The total dividend received for these shares is $1068.20.
2
Calculate the percentage dividend yield.
SQ FM What amount must be invested now at 4% per annum, compounded quarterly, 1 Solution
MS 6 so that in five years it will have grown to $60 000?
2 Band
A. $8919 B. $11 156 C. $49 173 D. $49 316
3-4
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111
SQ FM Mia wants to invest $42 000 for a total of 5 years. She has three investment 5 Solution
MS 11 options.
2 Band
Option A – simple interest is paid at the rate of 6% per annum
2-5
Option B – compound interest is paid at a rate of 5.5% per annum, compounded
annually
Option C – compound interest is paid at a rate of 4.8% per annum, compounded
quarterly
Determine Mia’s best investment option. Support your answer with calculations.
SQ FM The current share price of a business is $22.70 per share. Solution
MS 15 A dividend of $0.85 per share is paid.
2 Band
(a) What is the current value of 5000 shares of this business? 1
2-4
(b) Calculate the dividend yield. 1
SQ FM A teacher bought 2500 shares in a business two years ago at $5.25 a share. 2 Solution
MS 18 The share price of the business has increased by 36%.
2 Band
Calculate the increase in the value of the investment.
2-4
SQ FM A house was purchased at the start of 1986 for $45 000. 2 Solution
MS 19 Assume that the value of the house has increased by 8% per annum since then.
2 Band
What is the value of the house at the end of 2019, to the nearest $1000?
3-5
TG 1 Grandparents wish to save $10 000 for their grandchild’s university expenses, and Solution
to have this amount available in eight years’ time.

Calculate the single sum they need to invest at 5% pa compounded annually.
NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 2 Determine the single sum to be deposited if $10 000 is required in five years’ time Solution
and a rate of 3% pa, compounded quarterly, is available.

TG 3 A principal of $1000 is invested for three years at an interest rate of 5.6% pa Solution
compounded half-yearly.
Determine how much needs to be invested to achieve the same interest if the
interest rate was 3.5% pa compounded monthly.
TG 4 It is predicted that a particular painting will appreciate at a rate of 5% per annum. Solution
Calculate its predicted value in 2020 if it was purchased in 2010 for $48 000.
TG 5 An investor has 2000 shares. The current share price is $1.50 per share. Solution
The investor is paid a dividend of $0.30 per share.

13 28 (i) What is the current value of her shares? 1
GM d (ii) Calculate the dividend yield. 1
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112
18 19 The table shows the compounded 1 Solution
MG values of $1 at different interest

2 rates over different periods. Amy
hopes to have $21 000 in 2 years
to buy a car. She opens an account
today which pays interest of 4%
pa. compounded quarterly. Using
the table, which expression
calculates the minimum single sum
that Amy needs to invest today to
ensure she reaches her savings
goal?
A. 21 000 × 1.0816
B. 21 000 ÷ 1.0816
C. 21 000 × 1.0829
D. 21 000 ÷ 1.0829
17 10 A single amount of $10 000 is invested for 4 years, earning interest at the rate of 1 Solution
MG 3% per annum, compounded monthly.

2 Which expression will give the future value of the investment?
(A) 10 000 × (1 + 0.03)4 (B) 10 000 × (1 + 0.03)48
0.03 4 0.03 48
(C) 10 000 × (1 + ) (D) 10 000 × (1 + )
12 12
17 26e Sam purchased 500 company shares at $3.20 per share. Brokerage fees were 3 Solution
MG 1.5% of the purchase price. Sam is paid a dividend of 26 cents per share, then
2 immediately sells the shares for $4.80.
If he pays no further brokerage fees, what is Sam’s total profit?
16 8 The table shows the 1 Solution
MG future value of an
2 investment of $1000,
compounded yearly, at
varying interest rates for
different periods of time.
Based on the information
provided, what is the
future value of an
investment of $2500 over 3 years at 4% pa?
(A) $1124.86 (B) $2812.15 (C) $3624.86 (D) $5312.15
15 17 What amount must be invested now at 4% per annum, compounded quarterly, so 1 Solution
MG that in five years it will have grown to $60 000?

2 (A) $8919 (B) $11 156 (C) $49 173 (D) $49 316
15 26d A family currently pays $320 for some groceries. Assuming a constant annual 2 Solution
MG inflation rate of 2.9%, calculate how much would be paid for the same groceries
2 in 5 years time.
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113
14 30a Chandra and Sascha plan to have $20 000 in an investment account in 15 years 3 Solution
MG time for their grandchild’s university fees. The interest rate for the investment
2 account will be fixed at 3% per annum compounded monthly. Calculate the
amount they will need to deposit into the account now in order to achieve their
plan.
13 26e Kimberley has 2 Solution
GM invested $3500.
Interest is
compounded
half-yearly at a rate of
2% per half year.
Use the table to
calculate the value of
her investment at the
end of 4 years.

12 9 Tracy invests some money for 1 Solution
GM 2 years at 4% per annum,

compounded quarterly. Which
figure from the table should Tracey
use to calculate the value of her
investment at the end of 2 years?
(A) 1.020
(B) 1.082
(C) 1.083
(D) 1.369
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114

Back
F4.2: Depreciation and loans
Reference
Sheet
21 4 Three years ago an appliance was valued at $2467. Its value has depreciated by 1 Solution
MS 15% each year, based on the declining-balance method.
2
What is its salvage value today, to the nearest dollar?
A $952 B $1110 C $1357 D $1515
20 11 An asset is depreciated using the declining-balance method with a rate of 1 Solution
MS depreciation of 8% per half year.
2
The asset was bought for $10 000.
What is the salvage value of the asset after 5 years?
A $1749.01 B $4182.12 C $4343.88 D $6590.82
20 22 Nisa has a credit card on which interest at 17% per annum, compounded daily, is 3 Solution
MS charged on the amount owing.
2
At the beginning of the month, Nisa owes $500 on her credit card. She makes no
other purchases using the credit card, but fifteen days later, she repays $250.
Assuming that interest is charged for the fifteen days, calculate the amount owing
on the credit card immediately after the $250 payment is made.
Page 115
115
19 27 Ashley has a credit card with the following 3 Solution

MS2 conditions:
• There is no interest-free period
• Interest is charged at the end of each
month at 18.25% per annum,
compounded daily, from the purchase
date (included) to the last day of the
month (included).
Ashley’s credit card statement for April is
shown, with some figures missing.
The minimum payment is calculated as
2% of the closing balance on 30 April.
Calculate the minimum payment.
19 37 A new car is bought for $24 950. Each year the 3 Solution
MS value of the car is depreciated by the same
2
percentage. The table shows the value of the
car, based on the declining-balance method of
depreciation, for the first three years. What is
the value of the car at the end of 10 years?
SQ FM A sum of $250 000 was 1 Solution
MS 7 borrowed to buy a house. The
2 Band
interest rate and monthly
4-5
repayment for the loan are
shown in the spreadsheet.
What is the total interest
charged for the first four
months of this loan?
A. $6364.32
B. $6366.11
C. $6369.67
D. $6376.25
SQ FM Jay bought a computer for $3600. His friend Julie says that all computers are worth Solution
MS 13 nothing (ie the value is $0) after 3 years.
2 Band
(a) Assume that Julie is correct. Find the amount that the computer would be worth 2
2-5
after 2 years, if the straight-line method of depreciation is used.
(b) Explain why the computer would never be worth nothing if the declining-balance 2
method of depreciation is used, with a 30% per annum rate of depreciation.
Use suitable calculations to support your answer.
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116
SQ FM An electrician borrowed $350 000 2 Solution

MS 14 to be repaid over 30 years, with
2 Band
monthly repayments of $1880.
3-5
However, after 10 years he made
15 29 a lump sum payment of $80 000.
MG2 b The monthly repayment remained
unchanged. The graph shows the
balances owing over the period of
the loan.
Using information from the
graph, calculate how much less the electrician paid over the period of the loan
by making the lump sum payment.
18 26h A car is purchased for $23 900. The value of the car is depreciated by 11.5% each 2 Solution
MG year using the declining-balance method. What is the value of the car after three
2 years?
18 29e Andrew borrowed $20 000 to be repaid in equal monthly repayments of $243 over 2 Solution
MG 10 years. Having made this monthly repayment for 4 years, he increased his
2 monthly repayment to $281. As a result, Andrew paid off the loan one year earlier.
How much less did he repay altogether by making this change?
17 11 A new car was bought for $19 900 and one year later its value had depreciated to 1 Solution
MG $16 300. What is the approximate depreciation, expressed as a percentage of the

2 purchase price?
(A) 18% (B) 22% (C) 78% (D) 82%
17 28c Michelle borrows $100 000. The interest rate charged is 12% per annum 3 Solution
MG compounded monthly. The monthly payment is $1029 and the first repayment is
2 made after one month. What is the amount outstanding immediately after the
SECOND monthly repayment is made?
16 17 Ariana is charged compound interest at the rate of 0.036% per day on outstanding 1 Solution
MG card balances. She has $780 outstanding for 24 days. How much compound
2 interest is she charged?
(A) $6.74 (B) $6.77 (C) $786.74 (D) $786.77
15 10 A piece of machinery, initially worth $56 000, depreciates at 8% per annum. Which 1 Solution
MG graph best shows the salvage value of this piece of machinery over time?
2

14 9 A car is bought for $19 990. It will depreciate at 18% per annum. Using the declining 1 Solution
MG balance method, what will be the salvage value of the car after 3 years, to the
2 nearest dollar?
(A) $8968 (B) $9195 (C) $11 022 (D) $16 392
Page 117
117
SP 30b The spreadsheet shows monthly Solution
MG home loan repayments with

2 interest rate charges from
February to October 2009.
10 28 (i) Xiang’s bank approves loans
GM a for customers if their loan 4
repayments are no more
than 30% of their monthly
gross salary. Xiang wanted to
borrow money to buy a
house. Her monthly gross
salary was $7000. She
applied for a loan in October
2009. What was the
maximum that her bank
would approve for
10 28aii her to borrow?
10 28aiii (ii) Xiang and her friend 2
Jack both received
loans at the same
time and for the
same amount as
Xiang. Graphs of
their loans are
shown. Identify TWO
differences between
the graphs and
provide a possible
explanation for each
difference, making
10 2ii reference to interest rates and/or loan repayments.
13 28 Zheng has purchased a computer for $5000 for his company. He wants to compare two 3 Solution
GM e different methods of depreciation over two years for the computer.

Method 1: Straight-line with $1250 depreciation per annum.
Method 2: Declining balance with 35% depreciation per annum.
Which method gives the greatest depreciation over the two years?
Justify your answer with suitable calculations.
12 16 A machine was bought for $25 000. Which graph best represents the salvage value of 1 Solution
GM the machine over 10 years using the declining balance method of depreciation?
Page 118
118
12 24 A $400 000 loan can be 1 Solution
GM repaid by making either

monthly or fortnightly
repayments. The graph
shows the loan balances
over time using these two
different methods of
repayment. The monthly
repayment is $2796.86
and the fortnightly
repayment is $1404.76. What is the difference in the total interest paid using the two
different methods of payments, to the nearest dollar?
(A) $51 596 (B) $166 823 (C) $210 000 (D) $234 936
12 26 Jim buys a photocopier for $22 000. Its value is depreciated using the declining 2 Solution
GM b balance method at the rate of 15% per annum.

What is the value at the end of 3 years?
11 28 Norman and Pat each bought the same type Solution
GM b of tractor for $60 000 at the same time. The

value of their tractors depreciated over time.
The salvage value, S, in dollars, of each
tractor, is its depreciated value after n years.
Norman drew a graph to represent the
salvage value of his tractor.
(i) Find the gradient of the line shown in the 1
graph.
(ii) What does the value of the gradient 1
represent in this situation?
(iii) Write down the equation of the line shown
in the graph. 1
(iv) Find all the values of n that are not suitable for Norman to use when 2
calculating the salvage value of his tractor. Explain why these values are not
suitable.
Pat used the declining balance formula for calculating the salvage value of her tractor.
The depreciation rate that she used was 20% per annum.
(v) What did Pat calculate the salvage value of her tractor to be after 14 years? 2
(vi) Using Pat’s method of depreciation, describe what happens to the salvage value of 1
her tractor for all values of n greater than 15?
Page 119
119

F5: Annuities Back

Reference
Sheet
21 21 Julie invests $12 500 in a 3 Solution

MS savings account. Interest is
2
paid at a fixed monthly rate.
At the end of each month,
after the monthly interest is
added, Julie makes a deposit
of $500. Julie has created a
spreadsheet to show the
activity in her savings
account. The details for the
first 6 months are shown.
By finding the monthly rate of interest, complete the final row above for the
7th month.
21 31 Present value interest 2 Solution
MS factors for an annuity of
2 $1 for various interest
rates (r) and numbers of
periods (N) are given in
the table.
A bank lends Martina $500 000 to purchase a home, with interest charged at 1.5%
per annum compounding monthly. She agrees to repay the loan by making equal
monthly repayments over a 30-year period.
How much should the monthly payment be in order to pay off the loan in 30 years?
Give your answer correct to the nearest cent.
Page 120
120
21 40 A table of future value interest 3 Solution

MS factors for an annuity of $1 is
2
shown.
Simone deposits $1000 into a
savings account at the end of each
year for 8 years.
The interest rate for these 8 years
is 0.75% per annum, compounded
annually.
After the 8th deposit, Simone stops making deposits but leaves the money in the
savings account. The money in her savings account then earns interest at 1.25%
per annum, compounded annually, for a further two years.
Find the amount of money in Simone’s savings account at the end of ten years.
20 14 An annuity consists of ten payments, each equal to $1000. Each payment is made 1 Solution
MS on 30 June each year from 2021 through to 2030 inclusive.
2
The rate of compound interest is 5% per annum.
The present value of the annuity is calculated at 30 June 2020.
The future value of the annuity is calculated at 30 June 2030.
Without performing any calculations, which of the following statements is true?
A Present value of the annuity < $10 000 < future value of the annuity
B $10 000 < present value of the annuity < future value of the annuity
C Future value of the annuity < $10 000 < present value of the annuity
D $10 000 < future value of the annuity < present value of the annuity
20 34 Tina inherits $60 000 and invests it in an account earning interest at a rate of 0.5% Solution
MS per month. Each month, immediately after the interest has been paid, Tina
2 withdraws $800.
The amount in the account immediately after nth withdrawal can be determined
using the recurrence relation An = An–1(1.005) – 800, where n = 1, 2, 3, … and
A0 = 60 000.
(a) Use the recurrence relation to find the amount of money in the account 2
immediately after the third withdrawal.
(b) Calculate the amount of interest earned in the first three months. 2
COMMON NESA 2020 Mathematics Standard 2 and Advanced HSC Examinations
Page 121
121
20 37 Wilma deposited a lump sum into 3 Solution
MS a new bank account which earns

2 2% per annum compound interest.
Present value interest factors for
an annuilty of $1 for various
interest rates (r) and number of
periods (N) are given in the table.
Wilma was able to make the following withdrawals from this account.
• $1000 at the end of each year for twenty years (starting one year after the
account is opened)
• $3000 each year for ten years starting 21 years after the account is opened.
Calculate the minimum sum Wilma must have deposited when she opened the new
account.
19 42 The table shows the future values of 3 Solution
MS an annuity of $1 for different interest
2
rates for 4, 5 and 6 years. The
contributions are made at the end of
each year.
An annuity account is opened and
contributions of $2000 are made at the
end of each year for 7 years.
For the first 6 years, the interest rate is 4% per annum, compounded annually.
For the 7th year, the interest rate increases to 5% per annum, compounded
annually.
Calculate the amount in the account immediately after the 7th contribution is
made.
SQ FM The table gives the present 1 Solution
MS 4 value interest factors for an
2 Band
annuity of $1 per period, for
3-4
various interest rates (r)
and number of periods (N).
A man plans to invest $200
each month for 6 years. His
investment will earn
interest per month at the
rate of 9.6% per annum.
Based on the information in the table, what is the present value of this annuity?
A. $10 395.24 B. $10 914.19 C. $14 400.00 D. $15 782.40
Page 122
122
SQ FM The table shows the future Solution

MS 16 value of an annuity of $1 for
2 Band
varying interest rates and
3-6
time periods. The
contribution is made at the
beginning of each period.
(a) Ken invests $200 at the 2
start of each year for
8 years at an interest
rate of 5% per annum.
Calculate the future
value of Ken’s
investment.
(b) Holly is planning to 2
take a holiday in 3
years. She needs $5000
for this holiday. She is going to make regular quarterly payments into an
account that earns interest at the rate of 4% pa. compounded quarterly.
What is the minimum investment, to the nearest $100, Holly needs to make
each quarter in order to take this holiday? Support your answer with an
explanation.
SQ FM The table shows the future value of an Solution
MS 17 annuity of $1 at different interest rates
2 Band
over different time periods. The
3-6
contribution is made at the end of each
period.
(a) What is the value of an annual 1
annuity that would provide a future
value of $250 000 after 6 years at
3% per annum compound \
interest?
(b) An annuity of $2000 is invested 3
each half year at 4% per annum,
compounded half-yearly for 4 years.
What amount of interest will be
earned?
17 27c A table of future value Solution
MG interest factors for an

2 annuity of $1 is shown. An
annuity involves
contributions of $12 000
per annum for 5 years. The
interest rate of 4% per
annum, compounded
annually. 1
(i) Calculate the future
value of this annuity.
(ii) Calculate the interest earned on this annuity. 1
Page 123
123
16 28d The table gives the 2 Solution
MG contribution per
2 period for an annuity
with a future value of
$1 at different
interest rates and
different period of
time. Margaret needs
to save $75 000 over
6 years for a deposit
on a new apartment.
She makes regular
quarterly contributions into an investment account which pays interest at 3% pa.
How much will Margaret need to contribute each quarter to reach her savings
goal?
15 30c The table gives the Solution
MG present value interest

2 factors for an annuity of
$1 per period. For various
interest rates (R) and
number of periods (N).
(i) Oscar plans to 1
invest $200 each
month for 74
months. His
investment will earn interest at the rate of 0.0080 (as a decimal) per
month. Use this information in the table to calculate the present value of
this annuity.
(ii) Lucy is using the same table to calculate the loan repayment for her car 2
loan. Her loan is $21 500 and will be repaid in equal monthly repayments
over 6 years. The interest rate on her loan is 10.8% per annum. Calculate
the amount of each monthly repayment, correct to the nearest dollar.
MG factors is shown. A certain

2 annuity involves making equal
contributions of $25 000 into an
account every 6 months for 2
years at an interest rate of 4%
per annum. Based on the
information provided, what is
the future value of this annuity?
(A) $50 500 (B) $51 000 (C) $103 040 (D) $106 162
Page 124
124
SP 27b The table shows present 2 Solution
GM value interest factors for

some monthly interest
rates (R) and loan terms
in months (N).
Mark borrows $10 000
for a car. He arranges to
repay the loan with
monthly repayments
over 4 years. He is
charged 7.2% per
annum interest.
Using the table, calculate the amount of interest Mark will pay over the term of
this loan.
13 23 Zina opened an account to save for a new car. Six months after opening the 1 Solution
GM account, she made her first deposit of $1200 and continued depositing $1200 at
the end of each six month period. Interest was paid at 3% per annum,
compounded half-yearly.
How much was in Zina’s account two years after first opening it?
(A) $4909.08 (B) $4982.72 (C) $5018.16 (D) $5094.55
11 23 An amount of $5000 is 2 Solution
GM c invested at 10% per

annum, compounded
six-monthly.
Use the table to find

the value of this
investment at the end
of three years.
Page 125
125
Year 12: MS – S: Statistical Analysis

S4: Bivariate data Analysis Back

Reference
Sheet
Page 126
126
21 28 A salesperson is interested in Solution

MS the relationship between the
2
number of bottles of lemonade
sold per day and the number
of hours of sunshine in the
day.
The diagram shows the
dataset used in the
investigation and the least-
squares regression line.
(a) Find the equation of the 2
least-squares regression
line relating to the dataset.
(b) Suppose a sixth data point was collected on a day which had 10 hours of 1
sunshine. On that day 45 bottles of lemonade were sold. What would happen
to the gradient found in part (a)?
21 33 For a sample of 17 inland Solution
MS towns in Australia, the
2
height above sea level,
x (metres), and the
average maximum daily
temperature, y (°C), were
recorded.
The graph shows the data
as well as a regression
line. The equation of the
regression line is
y = 29.2 − 0.011x.
The correlation coefficient
is r = −0.494.
(a) (i) By using the equation of the regression line, predict the average 1
maximum daily temperature, in degrees Celsius, for a town that is 540 m
above sea level. Give your answer correct to one decimal place.
(ii) The gradient of the regression line is − 0.011. Interpret the value of this 2
gradient in the given context.
(b) The graph shows the 1
relationship between
the latitude,
x (degrees south),
and the average
maximum daily
temperature, y (°C),
for the same 17 towns,
line.
The equation of the
regression line is
y = 45.6 − 0.683x.
The correlation coefficient is r = − 0.897. Another inland town in Australia is
540 m above sea level. Its latitude is 28 degrees south. Which measurement,
height above sea level or latitude, would be better to use to predict this town’s
average maximum daily temperature? Give a reason for your answer.
Page 127
127
20 12 For a set of bivariate data, Pearson’s correlation coefficient is –1. 1 Solution

MS
2 Which graph could best represent this set of bivariate data?

20 36 A cricket is an insect. The male cricket produces a chirping sound. 5 Solution
MS A scientist wants to explore the relationship between the temperature in degrees

2 Celsius and the number of cricket chirps heard in a 15-second time interval.
Once a day for 20 days, the scientist collects data.
Based on the 20 data points, the scientist provides the information below.
• A box-plot of the temperature data

is shown.
• The mean temperature in the

dataset is 0.525oC below the
median temperature in the dataset.
• A total of 684 chirps was counted when collecting the 20 data points.
The scientist fits a least-squares regression line using the data (x, y), where x is the
temperature in degrees Celsius and y is the number of chirps heard in a 15-second
time interval. The equation of this line is y = –10.6063 + bx, where b is the slope of
the regression line.
_ _ _
The least-squares regression line passes through the point ( x , y ) where x is the
_
sample mean of the temperature data and y is the sample mean of the chirp data.
Calculate the number of chirps expected in a 15-second interval when the
temperature is 19o Celsius. Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
COMMON QUESTION NESA 2020 Mathematics Standard 2* and Advanced HSC Examinations
Page 128
128
19 23 A set of bivariate data is collected by Solution

MS measuring the height and arm span of
2
seven children. The graph shows a
scatterplot of these measurements.
(a) Calculate Pearson’s correlation for 1

the data, correct to two decimal
places.
(b) Identify the direction and the 1

strength of the linear association
between the height and arm span.
(c) The equation of the least-squares regression line is shown. 1

Height = 0.866 × (arm span) + 23.7
A child has an arm span of 143 cm.
Calculate the predicted height for this child using the equation of the least-
SQ SA Data collected on the age (a) and the Solution
MS 0 height (h) of 10- to 15-year-olds were
2 Band
used to create a scatterplot. A line of
2-5
best fit to model the relationship
between the age and height of
students was then constructed as
shown.
(a) Determine the equation of the 3
line of best fit shown.
(b) Based on the line of best fit, 1
what is the height of a typical
15-year-old?
(c) Why would this model NOT be 1
useful for predicting the height of
a typical 35-year-old?

SQ SA Some students had their height and foot lengths measured and recorded. 1 Solution
MS 5 The results were graphed and a line of best fit was drawn by four different
2 Band
students as shown.
2-3
Which of the following shows the most suitable line of best fit?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Page 129
129
SQ SA Which of the following scatter graphs is most likely to have a correlation 1 Solution
MS 7 coefficient of –0.2?
2 Band
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3-4

SQ SA A statistical investigation is being planned. 2 Solution
MS 16 The process of the statistical investigation involves several steps.
2 Band
List the steps.
2-3
SQ SA A student claimed that as study time increases, test scores increase. 1 Solution
MS 18 After collecting and analyzing some data, the student found the correlation
2 Band
coefficient, r, to be 0.83.
2-3
What does this correlation indicate about the relationship between time spent on
study and test scores?
TG 1 Ahmed collected data on the age (a) and Solution
height (h) of males aged 11 to 16 years.

13 28 He created a scatterplot of the data and
GM b constructed a line of best fit to model the
relationship between the age and height of
males.
(a) Determine the gradient of the line of
best fit shown on the graph.
(b) Explain the meaning of the gradient in
the context of the data.
(c) Determine the equation of the line of
best fit shown on the graph.
(d) Use the line of best fit to predict the
height of a typical 17-year-old male.
(e) Why would this model not be useful
for predicting the height of a typical
45-year-old male?
NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis
TG 2 The height and length of the right foot of 10 high school students were Solution
measured. The results were tabulated as follows:
(a) Using technology, calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient for the data.
(b) Describe the strength of the association between height and length of the
right foot for this dataset.
Page 130
130
17 12 Which of the data sets graphed below has the largest positive correlation 1 Solution
MG coefficient?
2 (A) (B) (C) (D)

16 3 The graph shows a scatterplot for a set of data. 1 Solution
MG Which of the following is the best approximation

2 for the correlation coefficient of this set of data?
(A) –1
(B) –0.3
(C) 0.3
(D) 1

15 28 The shoe size and height of ten Solution
MG e students were recorded.

2
(i) Complete the scatter 2
plot AND draw a line of
fit by eye.
(ii) Use the line of fit to 1

estimate the height
difference between a
student who wears a
size 7.5 shoe and one
who wears a size
9 shoe.
(iii) A student calculated the 1

correlation to be 1 for
this set of data. Explain
why this cannot be
correct.
Page 131
131
14 30 The scatterplot shows the Solution
MG b relationship between the

2 expenditure per primary
school student, as a
percentage of a country’s
Gross Domestic Product
(GDP), and the life
expectancy in years for 15
countries.
(i) For the given data, 1
the correlation
coefficient, r, is
0.83. What does
this indicate about
the relationship
between
expenditure per
primary school
student and life expectancy for the 15 countries?
(ii) For the data representing expenditure per primary school student, QL is 8.4 1
and QU is 22.5. What is the interquartile range?
(iii) Another country has an expenditure per primary school student of 47.6% 2
of its GDP. Would this country be an outlier for this set of data? Justify your
answer with calculations.
(iv), (v) Not in Mathematics Standard 2 course
(vi) On the scatterplot in part (i), draw the least-squares line of best fit, 2
y = 1.29x + 49.9.
(vii) Using this line, or otherwise, estimate the life expectancy in a country 1
which has an expenditure per primary school student of 18% of its GDP.
(viii) Why is this line NOT useful for predicting life expectancy in a country which 1
has expenditure per primary school student of 60% of its GDP?
SP 1 In which graph would the data have a correlation coefficient closest to –0.9? 1 Solution
MG
2
11 8
GM

Page 132
132
SP 30 Irene investigated the life Solution
MG a expectancy of women and

2 men born in a selection of
different countries in 2012.
She constructed a
scatterplot to represent
the data obtained.
(i) For another country, 1
Estonia, the life
expectancy for people
born in 2012 is 80
years for women and
70 years for men.
Plot a point on the
graph to represent this
information and label
it E.
(ii) The trendline for this
data can be
approximated using the
equation y = 0.8x + 9.4
(1) What is the value of 1
y when x = 60
(2) Use this equation to draw the trend line on the graph above. 2
(iii) The line y = x has been drawn on this graph. Explain what this line might 1
represent in the context of the data.
(iv)Most of the points lie below the line y = x. What feature of the data does this 1
illustrate?
(v) Compare the life expectancies for women and men in the countries represented 1
by the points A and B.
(vi) Describe TWO possible reasons for the differences in life expectancy between 2
the countries represented by the points C and D.
13 2 Which graph best shows data with a correlation closest to 0.3? 1 Solution
GM

12 11 Which of the following relationships would most likely show a negative correlation? 1 Solution
GM (A) The population of a town and the number of hospitals in that town.
(B) The hours spent training for a race and the time taken to complete the race.
(C) The price per litre of petrol and the number of people riding bicycles to work.
(D) The number of pets per household and the number of computers per
household
Page 133
133
12 29 Tourists visit a park where Solution
GM a steam erupts from a

particular geyser. The
brochure for the park has
a graph of the data
collected for this geyser
over a period of time. The
graph shows the duration
of the eruption and the
time until the next
eruption, timed from the
end of one eruption to the
beginning of the next.
(i) Tony sees an eruption that lasts 4 minutes. Based on the data in the 1
graph, what is the minimum time that he can expect to wait for the next
eruption?
(ii) Julia saw two consecutive eruptions, one hour apart. Based on the data in 1
the graph, what was the longest possible duration of the first eruption that
she saw?
(iii) What does the graph suggest about the relationship between the duration 1
of an eruption and the time to the next eruption?
Page 134
134
Year 12: MS – S: Statistical Analysis

S5: The Normal distribution Back

Reference
Sheet
21 8 On a test, Zac’s mark corresponded to a z-score of 2. The test scores had a mean 1 Solution
MS of 63 and a standard deviation of 8.
2
What was Zac’s actual mark on the test?
A. 65 B. 67 C. 73 D. 79
Page 135
135
21 38 A random variable is normally distributed with mean 0 and standard deviation 1. Solution
MS The table gives the

2 probability that this random
variable lies between 0 and
z for different values of z.
The probability values given in the table for
different values of z are represented by the
shaded area in the following diagram.
(a) Using the table, find the probability 1
that a value from a random variable
that is normally distributed with mean 0
and standard deviation 1 lies between
0.1 and 0.5.
(b) Birth weights are normally distributed with a mean of 3300 grams and a 3
standard deviation of 570 grams. By first calculating a z-score, find how many
babies, out of 1000 born, are expected to have a birth weight greater than 3528
grams.
21 41 In a particular city, the heights of adult females and the heights of adult males are 4 Solution
MS each normally distributed.

2
Information relating to two
females from that city is
given in Table 1.
The means and standard

deviations of adult females
and males, in centimetres,
are given in Table 2.
A selected male is taller than

84% of the population of
adult males in this city. By
first labelling the normal
distribution curve with the
heights of the two females
given in Table 1, calculate
the height of the selected male, in centimetres, correct to two decimal places.
20 8 John recently did a class test in each of John's Standard 1 Solution
MS three subjects. The class scores on each Subject score Mean deviation
2 test are normally distributed. French 82 70 8
The table shows the subjects and John’s Commerce 80 65 5
scores as well as the mean and standard Music 74 50 12
deviation of the class scores on each test.
Relative to the rest of the class, which Strongest subject Weakest subject
row of the table below show’s John’s A. Commerce French
strongest subject and his weakest
B. French Music
subject?
C. Music French
D. Commerce Music
Page 136
136
20 35 The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores for adults in City A are normally distributed Solution
MS with a mean of 108 and a standard deviation of 10.
2
The IQ scores for adults in City B are normally distributed with a mean of 112 and a
standard deviation of 16.
(a) Yin is an adult who lives in City A and has an IQ score of 128. 2
What percentage of the adults in this city have an IQ score higher than Yin’s?
(b) There are 1 000 000 adults living in City B. Calculate the number of adults in 2
City B that would be expected to have an IQ score lower than Yin’s?
(c) Simon, an adult who lives in City A, moves to City B. The z-score corresponding 3
to his IQ score in City A is the same as the z-score corresponding to his IQ
score in City B.
By first forming an equation, calculate Simon’s IQ score. Give your answer
19 15 The scores on an examination are normally distributed with a mean of 70 and a 1 Solution
MS standard deviation of 6. Michael received a score on the examination between the
2
lower quartile and the upper quartile of he scores.
Which shaded region most accurately represents where Michael’s score lies?
A. B.
C. D.

19 38 In a particular country, the birth weight of babies is normally distributed with a 2 Solution
MS mean of 3000 grams. It is known that 95% of these babies have a birth weight
2
between 1600 grams and 4400 grams. One of these babies has a birth weight of
3497 grams. What is the z-score of the baby’s birth weight?
SQ SA The number of hours working during a week by casual staff in the hospitality 1 Solution
MS 8 industry is normally distributed with a mean of 18 hours and a standard deviation
2 Band
of 2.5 hours. What is the percentage of casual staff working fewer than 23 hours
3-4
in a week?
A. 47.5% B. 84% C. 95% D. 97.5%
SQ SA In a class, the shoe sizes of the students are normally distributed. The mean shoe 1 Solution
MS 9 size of these students is 6.5 and the standard deviation is 2.
2 Band
Approximately what percentage of the class has a shoe size larger than 8.5?
3-4
A. 16% B. 34% C. 68% D. 84%
SQ SA There will be 90 000 students sitting an examination. If their examination results 1 Solution
MS 13 form a normal distribution, how many students would be expected to score a
2 Band
result between 1 and 2 standard deviations above the mean?
5-6
A. 12 150 B. 24 300 C. 30 600 D. 42 750
Page 137
137
SQ SA In Broken Hill, the maximum temperature for each day is recorded. The mean of Solution
MS 19 these maximum temperature during spring is 25.8oC, and the standard deviation
2 Band
is 4.2oC. You may assume that these maximum temperatures are normally
3-6
distributed.
(a) What temperature has a z-score of –1? 1
(b) What percentage of spring days in Broken Hill would have maximum 2
temperatures between 21.6oC and 38.4oC?
SQ SA Two brands of light bulbs are 2 Solution
MS 20 being compared. The lives of
2 Band
each of light bulbs are normally
4-5
distributed.
A light bulb is considered
defective if it has a life of less
than 400 hours. The following claim is made:
‘Brand A light bulbs are more likely to be defective than Brand B light bulbs.’
Is this claim correct? Justify your answer with reference to the data provided.
SQ SA The diastolic measurement for blood pressure in 50-year-old people is normally Solution
MS 21 distributed, with a mean of 85 and a standard deviation of 20.
2 Band 1
(a) A person is considered to have low blood pressure if the diastolic
4-5
measurement is 65 or less.
What percentage of 50-year-old people have low blood pressure? 1
(b) Calculate the z-score for a diastolic measurement of 60.
SQ SA Shirley sat a Physics test and a Biology test. For the Physics test, the mean was 2 Solution
MS 23 56 and the standard deviation was 8. For the Biology test, the mean was 60 and
2 Band
the standard deviation was 5.
3-5
Shirley’s mark in each test was 70.
Did Shirley do better in Physics or Biology? Support your answer with calculations.
TG 1 Packets of rice are each labelled as having a mass of 1 kg. Solution
The mass of these packets is normally distributed with a mean of 1.02 kg and a
standard deviation of 0.01 kg.
(a) Complete the following table:
(b) What percentage of packets will have a mass less than 1.02 kg?
(c) What percentage of packets will have a mass between 1.00 and 1.04 kg?
(d) What percentage of packets will have a mass between 1.00 and 1.02 kg?
(e) What percentage of packets will have a mass less than the labelled mass?
TG 2 A machine is set for the production of cylinders of mean diameter 5.00 cm, with Solution
standard deviation 0.020 cm.

(a) Assuming a normal distribution, between which values will 95% of the
diameters lie?
(b) If a cylinder, randomly selected from this production, has a diameter of
5.070 cm, what conclusion could be drawn?
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138
TG 3 Find the probability that a person selected at random from a pool of people that took Solution
a test on which the mean was 100 and the standard deviation was 15 will have a
score:
(a) between 100 and 120.
(b) of a least 120.
(c) of greater than 120.
Projectmaths has provided this Cumulative Normal Distribution Table below:

TG 4 The lifetime of a particular make of lightbulb is normally distributed with mean 1020 Solution
hours and standard deviation 85 hours.

Find the probability that a lightbulb of the same make chosen at random has a
lifetime between 1003 and 1088 hours.
Projectmaths has provided this Cumulative Normal Distribution Table below:

18 23 A set of data is normally distributed with a mean of 48 and a standard deviation 1 Solution
MG of 3. Approximately what percentage of the scores lie between 39 and 45?

2 A. 15.85% B. 31.7% C. 47.5% D. 49.85%
18 27 Joanna sits a Physics test and a Biology test. Solution
MG e (i) Joanna’s mark in the Physics test is 70. The mean mark for this test is 58 and 1
2 the standard deviation is 8. Calculate the z-score for Joanna’s mark in this
test. 2
(ii) In the Biology test, the mean mark is 64 and the standard deviation is 10.
Joanna’s z-score is the same in both the Physics test and the Biology test.
What is her mark in the Biology test?
17 13 The heights of Year 12 girls are normally distributed with a mean of 165 cm and a 1 Solution
MG standard deviation of 5.5 cm. What is the z-score for a height of 154 cm?
2 (A) –2 (B) –0.5 (C) 0.5 (D) 2
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139
17 29 All the students in a class of 30 Solution
MG d did a test. The marks, out of 10,

2 are shown in the dot plot.
(i) Find the median test mark. 1
(ii) The mean test mark is 5.4. 2
The standard deviation of the
test marks is 4.22. Using the
dot plot, calculate the
percentage of the marks
which lie within one standard
deviation of the mean. 1
(iii) A student states that for any
data set, 68% of the scores
should lie within one standard deviation of the mean. With reference to the dot
plot, explain why the student’s statement is NOT relevant in this context.
16 13 The speed limit outside a school is 40 km/h. Year 11 students measured the speed 1 Solution
MG of passing vehicles over a period of time. They found the set of data to be
2 normally distributed with a mean speed of 36 km/h and a standard deviation of
2 km/h. What percentage of the vehicle passed the school at a speed greater than
40 km/h?
(A) 2.5% (B) 5% (C) 47.5% (D) 95%
16 30 _ Solution
MG d The formula to calculate z-scores can be rearranged to give x = x – sz where

_
2
x is the mean, x is the score, s is the standard deviation and z is the z-score.
(i) In an examination, Aaron achieved a score of 88, which corresponds to a 1

z-score of 2.4.
Substitute these values into the rearranged formula above to form an
equation.
(ii) * In the same examination, Brock achieved a score of 52, which 3
corresponds to a z-score of –1.2.
Using this information, form another equation and solve it simultaneously
_
with the equation from part (i) to find the values of x and s.
Projectmaths: MS2 syllabus has solving simultaneous equation graphically – not algebraically).
15 20 A machine produces cylindrical pipes. The mean of the diameters of the pipes is 8 1 Solution
MG cm and the standard deviation is 0.04 cm. Assuming a normal distribution, what
2 percentage of cylindrical pipes produced will have a diameter less than 7.96 cm?
(A) 16% (B) 32% (C) 34% (D) 68%
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15 28 The results of two tests are normally 2 Solution
MG b distributed. The mean and standard

2 deviation for each test are displayed in
the table. Kristoff scored 74 in
Mathematics and 80 in English.
He claims that he has performed better in English. Is Kristoff correct? Justify your
answer using appropriate calculations.
14 24 The weights of 10 000 newborn babies in NSW are normally distributed. These 1 Solution
MG weights have a mean of 3.1 kg and a standard deviation of 0.35 kg. How many of
2 these newborn babies have a weight between 2.75 kg and 4.15 kg?
(A) 4985 (B) 6570 (C) 8370 (D) 8385
SP 6 Which of the following frequency histograms shows data that could be normally 1 Solution
MG distributed?
2
10 4
GM

SP 27 The marks in a class test are normally distributed. Solution
MG e The mean is 70 and the standard deviation is 10.

2 (i) Jason’s mark is 85. What is his z-score? 1
(ii) Mary has a z-score of 0. What mark did she achieve in the test? 1
(iii) What percentage of marks lie between 50 and 80? 2
13 20 There are 60 000 students sitting a state-wide examination. If the results form a 1 Solution
GM normal distribution, how many students would be expected to score a result

between 1 and 2 standard deviations above the mean?
(From 2014, this information below is given on Reference/Formula and
Data Sheet)
You may assume for normally distributed data that:
• 68% of scores have z-scores between –1 and 1
• 95% of scores have z-scores between –2 and 2
• 99.7% of scores have z-scores between –3 and 3.
(A) 8100 (B) 16 200 (C) 20 400 (D) 28 500
12 29 A machine produces nails. When the machine is set correctly, the length of the 2 Solution
GM b nails are normally distributed with a mean of 6.000 cm and a standard deviation
of 0.040 cm/ To confirm the setting of the machine, three nails are randomly
selected. In one sample the lengths are 5.950, 5.983 and 6.140. The setting of
the machine needs to be checked when the lengths of two or more nails in a
sample lie more than 1 standard deviation from the mean. Does the setting on the
machine need to be checked? Justify your answer with suitable calculations.
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141
11 27 Two brands of light bulbs are being Solution
GM c compared. For each brand, the life of the

light bulbs is normally distributed.
(i) One of the Brand B light bulbs has a 1
life of 400 hours. What is the
z-score of the life of this light bulb?
(ii) A light bulb is considered defective if it lasts less than 400 hours. The 2
following claim is made:
‘Brand A light bulbs are more likely
to be defective than Brand B light bulbs.’
Is this claim correct? Justify your answer, with reference to z-scores or
standard deviations or the normal distribution.
Page 142
142
Year 12: MS – N: Networks

N2.1: Network concepts Back

Reference
Sheet
21 2 Consider the network diagram. 1 Solution

MS
2 What is the sum of the degrees of all
the vertices in this network?
A. 5
B. 8
C. 14
D. 16
20 9 Team A and Team B have entered a chess competition. 1 Solution
MS
2 Team A and Team B have three members each.
Each member of Team A must play each member of Team B once.
Which of the following network diagrams could represent the chess games to be
played?

SQ NW The diagram shows a network. 1 Solution
MS 1 What is the sum of the degrees of the
2 Band
vertices in this network?
2-3
A. 5
B. 10
C. 11
D. 12

Page 143
143
TG 1 Draw a network diagram to illustrate Solution
the following table.
NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 Topic Guide: Networks
Page 144
144

N2.2: Shortest paths Back

Reference
Sheet
21 23 The network diagram shows Solution

MS the travel times in minutes
2
along roads connecting a
number of different towns.
(a) Draw a minimum spanning 3
tree for this network and
determine its length.
(b) How long does it take to 1
travel from Queentown to
Underwood using the
fastest route?
20 18 The diagram represents a network with Solution
MS weighted edges.
2
(a) Draw a minimum spanning tree for 3
this network in the space below and
(b) The network is revised by adding 1

another vertex, K. Edges AK and CK
have weights of 12 and 10
respectively, as shown.
What is the length of the minimum
spanning tree for this revised
network?
Page 145
145
19 30 The network diagram shows the Solution

MS tracks connecting 8 picnic sites in a
2
nature park. The vertices A to H
represents the picnic sites. The
weights on the edges represent the
distances along the tracks between
the picnic sites, in kilometres.
(a) Each picnic site needs to provide 2
drinking water. The main water source is at site A. By drawing a minimum
spanning tree in the space below, calculate the minimum length of water
pipes required to supply water to all the sites if the water pipes can only be
laid along the tracks.
(b) One day the track between C and H is closed. State the vertices that identify 1
the shortest path from C to E that avoids the closed track.
SQ NW In a town, there are four petrol stations 1 Solution
MS 2 W, X, Y and Z. The table shows the length,
2 Band
in metres, of roads connecting these petrol
2-3
stations.
A petrol tanker needs to visit each station.
What is the shortest distance it can travel if
it starts at Station W?
A. 840 m B. 1000 m
C. 1120 m D. 1270 m
SQ NW A weighted network 1 Solution
MS 3 diagram is shown below.
2 Band
What is the weight of the
2-3
minimum spanning tree?
A. 10
B. 11
C. 12
D. 14
SQ NW This diagram shows the 1 Solution
MS 4 possible paths (in km) for
2 Band
laying gas pipes between
2-3
various locations. Gas is to be
supplied from one location.
Any one of the locations can be
the source of the supply. What
is the minimum length of the
pipes required to provide gas
to all locations? NOT TO SCALE
A. 32 km B. 34 km
C. 36 km D. 38 km
Page 146
146
SQ NW In a town, there are four petrol stations Solution

MS 7 W, X, Y and Z. The table shows the length,
2 Band
in metres, of roads connecting these petrol
2-4
stations.
(a) Construct a network diagram to 2
represent the information in the table.
(b) A petrol tanker needs to visit each 2
station.
Calculate the shortest distance that can
be travelled by the petrol tanker. In your answer, include the order that the
petrol stations are refilled.
SQ NW A park has five areas, A, B, C, D and E, 4 Solution
MS 8 which are connected by pathways.
2 Band
2-5 The table shows the length of some of the
pathways, in metres.
The following network diagram is drawn to

represent this information and a correct
minimum spanning tree is shown by the
solid lines.
Complete the network

diagram including a possible
value for each of the two
edges AE and BC, and
justify why AE and BC were
not included as part of the
minimum spanning tree.

TG 1 A computer network is to be built in a Solution
school. The rooms and the cost of

connecting the rooms are shown in the
diagram. Using a minimum spanning tree,
determine the smallest cost to connect all
the rooms.

TG 2 Draw the minimum spanning tree for this Solution
network.
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147
TG 3 Draw the minimum spanning tree for this Solution
network.

TG 4 Identify the shortest distance from A to H. Solution

TG 5 Identify the shortest distance from A to J. Solution

TG 6 Determine the weight of the minimum Solution
spanning tree for this network.

TG 7 Consider the following network. Solution
(a) Determine the minimum spanning tree.
(b) Find the length of the shortest path

from A to E in the network.
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148
TG 8 The following table shows the travelling Solution
times in minutes between towns which are

connected directly to each other.
Note: The dash in a box indicates that towns
are not connected directly to each other.
(a) Draw a network diagram showing the
information on this table.
(b) Find the shortest travelling time
between A and E.
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149

N3: Critical path analysis Back

Reference
Sheet
21 36 A project requires completion of 11 tasks A, B, C, …, K. A network diagram for the Solution

MS project giving the completion time for each task, in minutes, is shown.
2
(a) Find the minimum time to complete the project. 1

(b) State the critical path for this project. 1
(c) A new task, X, is to be added to the project. 2
The earliest starting time for X is 17 minutes, the latest starting time for X is 18
minutes and X has a completion time of 12 minutes. Add task X to the given
network diagram above AND state the float time for this task.
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150
20 26 The preparation of a meal requires the completion of all ten activities A to J. Solution
MS
2 The network diagram shows the activities and their completion times in minutes.
(a) What is the minimum time needed to prepare the meal? 1

(b) List the activities which make up the critical path for this network. 2
(c) Complete the table, showing Earliest start Float time 2
the earliest start time and float Activity time (minutes) (minutes)
time for activities A and G.
A
G
20 30 The network diagram shows a series Solution
MS of water channels and ponds in a
2
garden. The vertices A, B, C, D, E and
F represents six ponds. The edges
represent the water channels which
connect the ponds. The numbers on
the edges indicate the maximum
capacity of the channels.
(a) Determine the maximum flow of 2
the network.
(b) A cut is added to the network, as 1

shown.
Is the cut shown a minimum cut?
Give a reason for your answer.
19 26 A project requires activities A to F to be Solution
MS completed. The activity chart shows the
2
immediate prerequisite(s) and duration
for each activity.
(a) By drawing a network diagram, 3
determine the minimum time for the
project to be completed.
(b) Determine the float time of the non- 1
critical activity.
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151
19 40 A museum is planning an exhibition Solution

MS using five rooms. The museum
2
manager draws a network to help plan
the exhibition. The vertices A, B, C, D
and E represent five rooms.
The numbers on the edges represent
the maximum number of people per
hour who can pass through the security checkpoints between the rooms.
(a) What is the capacity of the cut shown? 1
(b) The museum manager is planning for a maximum of 240 visitors to pass 2
through the exhibition per hour. By using the ‘minimum cut-maximum flow’
theorem, the manager determines that the plan does not provide sufficient
flow capacity.
Draw the minimum cut onto the
network below and recommend
a change that the manager
could make to one or more
security checkpoints to increase
the flow capacity to 240 visitors
per hour.
SQ NW The organisation of a 1 Solution
MS 5 school formal involves
2 Band
activities A to L. The
5-6
diagram shows these
activities and their
completion times in
days.
The minimum
completion time for
the activities is 24
days.
What is the float time of Activity E?
A. 0 B. 6 C. 8 D. 13
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152
SQ NW The network diagram 1 Solution

MS 6 represents a system of
2 Band
roads connecting a
5-6
shopping centre to the
on-ramp of a freeway.
Traffic moves via several
routes. For example,
there are two routes
from
the shopping centre to P and one route from T to U. The number on the edge of
each road indicates the number of vehicles that can travel on it per hour. At
present, the capacity of the network from the shopping centre to the on-ramp is
not maximised.
Which additional road(s) would increase the network capacity to its maximum?
A. A road from P to U with a capacity of 20 vehicles per hour.
B. A road from Q to T with a capacity of 20 vehicles per hour
C. A road from R to T with a capacity of 20 vehicles per hour and a road from
T to U with a capacity of 40 vehicles per hour
D. A road from Q to U with a capacity of 20 vehicles per hour and a road from
S to U with a capacity of 20 vehicles per hour
SQ NW The network diagram 3 Solution
MS 9 represents a system of
2 Band
roads connecting a
3-6
shopping centre to the
on-ramp of a freeway.
Traffic moves via several
routes. For example,
there are two routes
from the shopping centre
to P and one route from T to U. The number on the edge of each road indicates
the number of vehicles that can travel on it per hour. At present, the capacity of
the network from the shopping centre to the on-ramp is not maximised. It is not
possible to construct a road directly between the shopping centre and the on-
ramp. Suggest ONE way the network capacity can be maximized with additional
road(s).
SQ NW A project requires activities A to 5 Solution
MS 10 G to be completed, as shown in
2 Band
the table. The minimum
2-6
completion time for the project
is 50 days and the critical path
includes activities B, D, E and F.
The float for G is three days and
the float for C is 8 days. Find a
possible duration for each of the
activities A, C, F and G. Include
a network diagram in your
answer.
Page 153
153
SQ NW Steven and Mary are Solution

MS 11 renovating a bathroom. The
2 Band
renovation involves activities
3-6
A to L. The network diagram
shows these activities and
their completion times in days.
(a) Which TWO activities 1
immediately precede
activity G?
(b) By completing the 2
diagram shown, calculate
the minimum time required to complete the renovation.
(c) Hence, what is the float time for activity E? 1
TG 1 The table gives details of a set of six tasks Solution
which have to be completed to finish a

project. The immediate predecessors are
those tasks which must be completed before a
task may be started.
(a) Draw an activity network.
(b) Perform a forward scan and a backward
scan to find the critical path.
(c) What is the critical time for the project?
(d) List the critical activities.
(e) Identify the float time of activity D.
(f) A time lag of one day is needed between activities B and E due to issues of
supply of resources. Describe the effect it will have on the critical path.
TG 2 The following diagram illustrates the amount of Solution
water that flows from a main dam at s to three

dams at A, B and C before then supplying a
town with water at t. The edge capacities are
given in thousands of litres of water per
minute.
(a) Find the maximum flow through this
network and show that it is the same as
the cut of minimum value.
(b) What is the outflow of C?
(c) What is the excess flow capacity of Ct?
(d) If the capacity of only one edge could be increased, which one should it be?
Page 154
154
Back
Back
Back
Page 155
155
2021 HSC Examination Paper Twentyone

Back
21 1 Which of the following shapes has the largest perimeter? 1 Solution

MS
2 A B C D

21 2 Consider the network diagram. 1 Solution
MS
2 What is the sum of the degrees of all
the vertices in this network?
A. 5
B. 8
C. 14
D. 16
21 3 The stem-and-leaf plot shows the number of goals 1 Solution
MS scored by a team in each of ten netball games.
2
What is the mode of this dataset?
A. 5 B. 18
C. 25 D. 29

21 4 Three years ago an appliance was valued at $2467. Its value has depreciated by 1 Solution
MS 15% each year, based on the declining-balance method.
2
What is its salvage value today, to the nearest dollar?
A $952 B $1110 C $1357 D $1515
21 5 Peter currently earns $21.50 per hour. His hourly wage will increase by 2.1% 1 Solution
MS compounded each year for the next four years.
2
What will his hourly wage be after four years?
A. 21.50(1.21)4 B. 21.50(1.021)4
C. 21.50 + 21.50 × 0.21 × 4 D. 21.50 + 21.50 × 0.021 × 4
21 6 b 1 Solution
MS Suppose a = , where b = 22.
7
2
What is the value of a, correct to three significant figures?
A. 3.14 B. 3.15 C. 3.142 D. 3.143
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156
21 7 The number of downloads of a song 1 Solution
MS on each of twenty consecutive days is

2 shown in the following graph.
Which of the following graphs best
shows the cumulative number of
downloads up to and including each
day?
21 8 On a test, Zac’s mark corresponded to a z-score of 2. The test scores had a mean 1 Solution
MS of 63 and a standard deviation of 8.
2
What was Zac’s actual mark on the test?
A. 65 B. 67 C. 73 D. 79
21 9 A student is thinking of a number. Let the number be x. When the student subtracts 1 Solution
MS 8 from this number and multiplies the result by 3, the answer is 2 more than x.
2
Which equation can be used to find x?
A. 3(x − 8) = 2x B. 3x − 8 = 2x
C. 3(x − 8) = x + 2 D. 3x − 8 = x + 2
21 10 Which of the following best represents the graph of y = 10 (0.8)x? 1 Solution
MS
2
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157
21 11 There are 8 chocolates in a box. 1 Solution
MS Three have peppermint centres (P)

2 and five have caramel centres (C).
Kim randomly chooses a chocolate
from the box and eats it. Sam then
randomly chooses and eats one of
the remaining chocolates.
A partially completed probability
tree is shown.
What is the probability that Kim and Sam choose chocolates with different centres?
15 15 15 15
A. B. C. D.
64 56 32 28
21 12 A block of land is represented by 1 Solution

MS the shaded region on the number
2
plane. All measurements are in
kilometres.
Which of the following is the
approximation for the area of this
block of land in square kilometres,
using two applications of the
trapezoidal rule?
A. 9.9 B. 19.8 Not to scale
C. 39.6 D. 72
21 13 The time taken to clean a warehouse varies inversely with the number of cleaners 1 Solution
MS employed. It takes 8 cleaners 60 hours to clean a warehouse. Working at the same
2
rate, how many hours would it take 10 cleaners to clean the same warehouse?
A. 45 B. 48 C. 62 D. 75
21 14 Consider the diagram shown. 1 Solution
MS
2 What is the true bearing of A from B?
A. 025o B. 065o
C. 115o D. 295o

21 15 A total of 11 400 people entered a running race. The ratio of professional runners to 1 Solution
MS amateurs was 3:16. All the professional runners completed the race while 600 of the
2
amateurs did not complete the race. For those who completed the race, what is the
ratio, in simplest form, of professional runners to amateurs?
A. 1:2 B. 1:5 C. 1:8 D. 1:19
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158
21 16 The volume, V, of a sphere is given by the formula 2 Solution

MS
2 4 3
V=  r , where r is the radius of the sphere.
3
A tank consists of the bottom half of a sphere of
radius 2 metres, as shown.
Find the volume of the tank in cubic metres, correct
to one decimal place.
21 17 The five-number summary of a dataset is given. 2 Solution
MS Lowest score = 1
2
Lower quartile (Q1) = 4
Median (Q2) = 7
Upper quartile (Q3) = 10
Highest score = 20
Is 20 an outlier? Justify your answer with calculations.
21 18 The fuel consumption for a car is 6.7 litres/100 km. On a road trip, the car 2 Solution
MS travels a distance of 1560 km and the fuel cost is $1.45 per litre.
2
What is the total fuel cost for this trip?
21 19 Adam purchased some office furniture five years ago. It depreciated by $2300 2 Solution
MS each year based on the straight-line method of depreciation.
2
The salvage value of the furniture is now $7500.
Find the initial value of the office furniture.
21 20 City A is in Sweden and is located at (58°N, 16°E). Sydney, in Australia, is 3 Solution
MS located at (33°S, 151°E). Robert lives in Sydney and needs to give an online
2
presentation to his colleagues in City A starting at 5:00 pm Thursday, local time
in Sweden.
What time and day, in Sydney, should Robert start his presentation?
21 21 Julie invests $12 500 in a 3 Solution
MS savings account. Interest is
2
paid at a fixed monthly rate.
At the end of each month,
after the monthly interest is
added, Julie makes a
deposit of $500. Julie has
created a spreadsheet to
show the activity in her
savings account. The details
for the first 6 months are
shown.
By finding the monthly rate of interest, complete the final row above for the
7th month.
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159

MS rates for the 2020–2021 financial
2
year.
William has a gross annual salary of
$84 000. He has allowable tax
deductions of $900 for home-office
equipment and $474 for union fees.
William must also pay a Medicare Levy of 2% of his taxable income.
Calculate the total tax payable by William including the Medicare Levy.
21 23 The network diagram shows Solution
MS the travel times in minutes
2
along roads connecting a
number of different towns.
(a) Draw a minimum spanning 3
tree for this network and
(b) How long does it take to 1
travel from Queentown to
Underwood using the
fastest route?
21 24 A population, P, is to be modelled using the Solution
MS function P = 2000(1.2)t, where t is the time in
2 years.
(a) What is the initial population? 1
(b) Find the population after 5 years. 1
(c) On the axes below, draw the graph of the 2
population against time, showing the
points at t = 0 and at t = 5.

21 25 A rectangular sportsground has been drawn 4 Solution
MS to scale on a 1-cm grid as shown.
2
The scale used is 1:3000.
Kerry took 12 minutes to walk around the
perimeter of this sportsground.
What was Kerry’s average speed in
kilometres per hour?
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160
21 26 Nina plans to invest $35 000 for 1 year. She is offered two different investment Solution
MS options.
2
Option A: Interest is paid at 6% per annum compounded monthly.
Option B: Interest is paid at r % per annum simple interest.
(a) Calculate the future value of Nina’s investment after 1 year if she chooses 2
Option A.
(b) Find the value of r in Option B that would give Nina the same future value 2
after 1 year as for Option A. Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
21 27 The price and the power consumption of Solution
MS two different brands of television are
2
shown.
The average cost for electricity is 25c/kWh.
A particular family watches an average of 3
hours of television per day.
(a) The annual cost of electricity for Television A for this family is $48.18. 2
For this family, what is the difference in the annual cost of electricity
between Television A and Television B?
(b) For this family, how many years will it take for the total cost of buying and 2
using Television A to be equal to the total cost of buying and using
Television B?
21 28 A salesperson is interested in the Solution
MS relationship between the number
2
of bottles of lemonade sold per
day and the number of hours of
sunshine in the day.
The diagram shows the dataset
used in the investigation and the
least-squares regression line.
(a) Find the equation of the 2
least-squares regression
line relating to the dataset.
(b) Suppose a sixth data point was collected on a day which had 10 hours of 1
sunshine. On that day 45 bottles of lemonade were sold. What would happen
to the gradient found in part (a)?
21 29 x −1 2 Solution
Solve x + = 9.
MS 2
2
21 30 Ariana owns 1500 shares in a company. The market price for each share is $27. 2 Solution
MS Ariana’s total dividend from these shares is $810.
2
Calculate the dividend yield for her shares.
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161
21 31 Present value interest 2 Solution

MS factors for an annuity of
2 $1 for various interest
rates (r) and numbers of
periods (N) are given in
the table.
A bank lends Martina $500 000 to purchase a home, with interest charged at 1.5%
per annum compounding monthly. She agrees to repay the loan by making equal
monthly repayments over a 30-year period.
How much should the monthly payment be in order to pay off the loan in 30 years?
Give your answer correct to the nearest cent.
21 32 A right-angled triangle XYZ is cut out Solution
MS from a semicircle with centre O.
2 The length of the diameter XZ is 16
cm and YXZ = 30°, as shown on the
diagram.
(a) Find the length of XY in cm, 2
(b) Hence, find the area of the shaded region in square centimetres, correct to 3
one decimal place.
Page 162
162
21 33 For a sample of 17 inland Solution

MS towns in Australia, the
2
height above sea level,
x (metres), and the
average maximum daily
temperature, y (°C), were
recorded.
The graph shows the data
line. The equation of the
regression line is
y = 29.2 − 0.011x.
The correlation coefficient
is r = −0.494.
(a) (i) By using the equation of the regression line, predict the average 1
maximum daily temperature, in degrees Celsius, for a town that is 540 m
above sea level. Give your answer correct to one decimal place.
(ii) The gradient of the regression line is − 0.011. Interpret the value of this 2
gradient in the given context.
(b) The graph shows the 1
relationship between
the latitude,
x (degrees south),
and the average
maximum daily
temperature, y (°C),
for the same 17 towns,
line.
The equation of the
regression line is
y = 45.6 − 0.683x.
The correlation coefficient is r = − 0.897. Another inland town in Australia is
540 m above sea level. Its latitude is 28 degrees south. Which measurement,
height above sea level or latitude, would be better to use to predict this town’s
average maximum daily temperature? Give a reason for your answer.
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21 34 In a park the only animals are 4 Solution

MS goannas and emus.
2
Let x be the number of goannas and
let y be the number of emus.
The number of goannas plus the
number of emus in the park is 31.
Hence x + y = 31.
Each goanna has four legs and each
emu has two legs.
In total the emus and goannas have
76 legs.
By writing another relevant equation
and graphing both equations on the
grid on the following page, find the
number of goannas and the number
of emus in the park.

21 35 A publisher sells a book for $10. At this price, 5000 copies of the book will be sold Solution
MS and the revenue raised will be 5000 × 10 = $50 000. The publisher is considering
2
increasing the price of the book. For every dollar the price of the book is
increased, the publisher will sell 50 fewer copies of the book. If the publisher
charges (10 + x) dollars for each book, a quadratic model for the revenue raised,
R, from selling the books is R = −50x2 + 4500x + 50 000.
A graph of this quadratic model for revenue is shown. A dashed line is used for
values of x which are not relevant to the practical context of this problem.
(a) By first finding a suitable value of x, 2
find the price the publisher should
charge for each book to maximise the
revenue raised from sales of the book.
(b) Find the value of the intercept of the 1
parabola with the vertical axis.
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21 36 A project requires completion of 11 tasks A, B, C, …, K. A network diagram for the Solution

MS project giving the completion time for each task, in minutes, is shown.
2
(a) Find the minimum time to complete the project. 1

(b) State the critical path for this project. 1
(c) A new task, X, is to be added to the project. 2
The earliest starting time for X is 17 minutes, the latest starting time for X is 18
minutes and X has a completion time of 12 minutes. Add task X to the given
network diagram above AND state the float time for this task.
21 37 The diagram shows a triangle ABC 3 Solution
MS where AC = 25 cm, BC = 16 cm,
2 BAC = 28° and angle ABC is obtuse.
Find the size of the obtuse angle ABC

21 38 A random variable is normally distributed with mean 0 and standard deviation 1. Solution
MS The table gives the

2 probability that this random
variable lies between 0 and
z for different values of z.
The probability values given in the table for
different values of z are represented by the
shaded area in the following diagram.
(a) Using the table, find the probability 1
that a value from a random variable
that is normally distributed with mean 0
and standard deviation 1 lies between
0.1 and 0.5.
(b) Birth weights are normally distributed with a mean of 3300 grams and a 3
standard deviation of 570 grams. By first calculating a z-score, find how many
babies, out of 1000 born, are expected to have a birth weight greater than 3528
grams.
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21 39 The diagram shows a compass radial Solution

MS survey of the field ABCD.
2
(a) Triangle COB has an area of 466 m2. 2
Find the size of acute angle COB,
(b) A farmer wants to put a fence around
3
the triangle DOC.
Find the length of fencing required.
Give your answer in metres correct to
one decimal place.

MS factors for an annuity of $1 is
2
shown.
Simone deposits $1000 into a
savings account at the end of each
year for 8 years.
The interest rate for these 8 years
is 0.75% per annum, compounded
annually.
After the 8th deposit, Simone stops making deposits but leaves the money in the
savings account. The money in her savings account then earns interest at 1.25%
per annum, compounded annually, for a further two years.
Find the amount of money in Simone’s savings account at the end of ten years.
21 41 In a particular city, the heights of adult females and the heights of adult males are 4 Solution
MS each normally distributed.

2
Information relating to two
females from that city is
given in Table 1.
The means and standard

deviations of adult females
and males, in centimetres,
are given in Table 2.
A selected male is taller than

84% of the population of
adult males in this city. By
first labelling the normal
distribution curve with the
heights of the two females
given in Table 1, calculate
the height of the selected male, in centimetres, correct to two decimal places.
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2020 HSC Examination Paper TwentyStwo

Back
20 1 Which of the following could represent the graph of y = –x2 + 1? 1 Solution

MS
2

20 2 What is 0.002073 expressed in standard form with two significant figures? 1 Solution
MS
2 A 2.07 × 10–2 B 2.1 × 10–2 C 2.07 × 10–3 D 2.1 × 10–3
20 3 The distance between Bricktown and Koala Creek is 75 km. 1 Solution
MS
2 A person travels from Bricktown to Koala Creek at an average speed of 50 km/h.
How long does it take the person to complete the journey?
A 40 minutes B 1 hour 25 minutes
C 1 hour 30 minutes D 1 hour 50 minutes
20 4 Joan invests $200. She earns interest at 3% per annum, compounded monthly. 1 Solution
MS
2 What is the future value of Joan’s investment after 1.5 years?
A $209.07 B $209.19 C $279.51 D $311.93
20 5 A plant stem is measured to be 16.0 cm, correct to one decimal place. 1 Solution
MS
2 What is the percentage error in this measurement?
A 0.3125% B 0.625% C 3.125% D 6.25%
20 6 Suppose y = –1 – 2x. 1 Solution
MS
2 When the value of x increases by 5, the value of y decreases by
A1 B2 C5 D 10
20 7 Which histogram represents a dataset that is positively skewed? 1 Solution
MS
2
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167
20 8 John recently did a class test in each of John's Standard 1 Solution

MS three subjects. The class scores on each Subject score Mean deviation
2 test are normally distributed. French 82 70 8
The table shows the subjects and John’s Commerce 80 65 5
scores as well as the mean and standard Music 74 50 12
deviation of the class scores on each test.
Relative to the rest of the class, which Strongest subject Weakest subject
row of the table below show’s John’s A. Commerce French
strongest subject and his weakest
B. French Music
subject?
C. Music French
D. Commerce Music
20 9 Team A and Team B have entered a chess competition. 1 Solution
MS
2 Team A and Team B have three members each.
Each member of Team A must play each member of Team B once.
Which of the following network diagrams could represent the chess games to be
played?

20 10 A plumber charges a call-out fee of $90 as well as $2 per minute while working. 1 Solution
MS Suppose the plumber works for t hours.
2
Which equation expresses the amount the plumber charges ($C) as a function of
time (t hours)?
A C = 2 + 90t B C = 90 + 2t C C = 120 + 90t D C = 90 + 120t
20 11 An asset is depreciated using the declining-balance method with a rate of 1 Solution
MS depreciation of 8% per half year.
2
The asset was bought for $10 000.
What is the salvage value of the asset after 5 years?
A $1749.01 B $4182.12 C $4343.88 D $6590.82
20 12 For a set of bivariate data, Pearson’s correlation coefficient is –1. 1 Solution
MS
2 Which graph could best represent this set of bivariate data?
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168
20 13 When Jake stops drinking alcohol at 10:30 pm, he has a blood alcohol content 1 Solution
MS (BAC) of 0.0835. The number of hours required for a person to reach zero BAC
2
BAC
after they stop consuming alcohol is given by the formula Time =
0.015
At what time on the next day should Jake expect his BAC to be 0.05?
A 12:45 am B 1:50 am C 2:15 am D 4:05 am
20 14 An annuity consists of ten payments, each equal to $1000. Each payment is made 1 Solution
MS on 30 June each year from 2021 through to 2030 inclusive.
2
The rate of compound interest is 5% per annum.
The present value of the annuity is calculated at 30 June 2020.
The future value of the annuity is calculated at 30 June 2030.
Without performing any calculations, which of the following statements is true?
A Present value of the annuity < $10 000 < future value of the annuity
B $10 000 < present value of the annuity < future value of the annuity
C Future value of the annuity < $10 000 < present value of the annuity
D $10 000 < future value of the annuity < present value of the annuity
20 15 The top of a rectangular table is divided into 8 equal 1 Solution
MS sections as shown.
2
A standard die with faces labelled 1 to 6 is rolled onto the
table.
The die is equally likely to land in any of the 8 sections of the table. If the die does
not land entirely in one section of the table, it is rolled again.
A score is calculated by multiplying the value shown on the top face of the die by
the number shown in the section of the table where the die lands.
What is the probability of getting a score of 6?
1 1 1 1
A B C D
48 12 8 6
20 16 Consider the triangle shown. Solution
MS
2 (a) Find the value of , correct to the nearest 2
degree.
(b) Find the value of x, correct to one decimal 2
place.
20 17 Ayla wishes to estimate the number of trees on a square block of land measuring 2 Solution
MS 1000 m by 1000 m. She counts the number of trees on a 5 m by 5 m section of the
2
block and finds there are 8 trees.
Based on this, estimate the number of trees on the entire square block of land.
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169
20 18 The diagram represents a network with Solution

MS weighted edges.
2
(b) Draw a minimum spanning tree for 3
this network in the space below and
(b) The network is revised by adding 1

another vertex, K. Edges AK and CK
have weights of 12 and 10
respectively, as shown.
What is the length of the minimum
spanning tree for this revised
network?

20 19 A fence is to be built around Solution
MS the outside of a rectangular
2
paddock. An internal fence is
also to be built.
The side lengths of the
paddock are x metres and
y metres, as shown in the
diagram.
A total of 900 metres of
fencing is to be used.
Therefore 3x + 2y = 900.
The area, A, in square metres,
of the rectangular paddock is
given by A = 450x – 1.5x2.
shown.
(a) If the area of the paddock is 30 000 m2, what is the largest possible value of x? 1
(b) Find the values of x and y so that the area of the paddock is as large as 2
possible.
(c) Using your values from part (b), find the largest possible area of the paddock. 1
20 20 The table shows the income tax rates Solution
MS for the 2019-2020 financial year.
2
For the 2019-2020 financial year, Wally
had a taxable income of $122 680.
During the year, he paid $3000 per
month in Pay As You Go (PAYG) tax.
Calculate Wally’s tax refund, ignoring the Medicare Levy. 3
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170
20 21 The inflation rate over the year from January 2019 to January 2020 was 2%. 2 Solution
MS
2 The cost of a school jumper in January 2020 was $122.
Calculate the cost of the jumper in January 2019 assuming that the only change in
price of the jumper was due to inflation.
20 22 Nisa has a credit card on which interest at 17% per annum, compounded daily, is 3 Solution
MS charged on the amount owing.
2
At the beginning of the month, Nisa owes $500 on her credit card. She makes no
other purchases using the credit card, but fifteen days later, she repays $250.
Assuming that interest is charged for the fifteen days, calculate the amount owing
on the credit card immediately after the $250 payment is made.
20 23 In a tropical drink, the ratio of pineapple juice to Solution
MS mango juice to orange juice is 15:9:4.
2
(a) How much orange juice is needed if the 2
tropical drink is to contain 3 litres of
pineapple juice?
(b) The internal dimensions of a drink 3
container, in the shape of a rectangular Not to scale
prism, are shown.
To completely fill the container with the tropical drink, how many litres of
mango juice are required?
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171
20 24 There are two tanks on a Solution
MS property, Tank A and Tank B.

2 Initially, Tank A holds
1000 litres of water and
Tank B is empty.
(a) Tank A begins to lose water 1
at a constant rate of 20
litres per minute.
The volume of water in
Tank A is modelled by
V = 1000 – 20t where V is
the volume in litres and t is
the time in minutes from
when the tank begins to
lose water.
On the grid below, draw the
graph of this model and
label it as Tank A.
(b) Tank B remains empty until t = 15 when water is added to it at a constant rate 2
of 30 litres per minute.
By drawing a line on the grid on the previous page, or otherwise, find the value
of t when the two tanks contain the same volume of water.
(c) Using the graphs drawn, or otherwise, find the value of t (where t > 0) when 1
the total volume of water in the two tanks is 1000 litres.
20 25 A composite solid consists of a triangular prism 3 Solution

MS which fits exactly on top of a cube, as shown.
2
Find the surface area of the composite solid.
Not to scale
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172
20 26 The preparation of a meal requires the completion of all ten activities A to J. Solution
MS
2 The network diagram shows the activities and their completion times in minutes.
(a) What is the minimum time needed to prepare the meal? 1

(b) List the activities which make up the critical path for this network. 2
(c) Complete the table, showing Earliest start Float time 2
the earliest start time and float Activity time (minutes) (minutes)
time for activities A and G.
A
G
20 27 The shaded region on the diagram represents a Solution
MS garden. The scale is 1 cm = 5 m.
2
(a) Use two applications of the trapezoidal rule 3
to calculate the approximate area of the
garden.
(b) Should the answer to part (a) be more 2
than, equal to or less than the actual area
of the garden? Referring to the diagram
above, briefly explain your answer.
20 28 Consider the following dataset. 4 Solution
MS
2 1 5 9 10 15
Suppose a new value, x, is added to this dataset, giving the following,
1 5 9 10 15 x
It is known that x is greater than 15. It is also known that the difference between
the means of the datasets is equal to ten times the difference between the medians
of the two datasets.
Calculate the value of x.
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173
20 29 Jana owns a share 3 Solution

MS portfolio. Details of her
2
share portfolio at 30
June 2020 are given in
the table.
Jana received a total annual dividend of $149.52 from her share portfolio.
Calculate the number of shares Jana has in company XYZ on 30 June 2020.
20 30 The network diagram shows a series Solution
MS of water channels and ponds in a
2
garden. The vertices A, B, C, D, E and
F represents six ponds. The edges
represent the water channels which
connect the ponds. The numbers on
the edges indicate the maximum
capacity of the channels.
(a) Determine the maximum flow of 2
the network.
(b) A cut is added to the network, as 1

shown.
Is the cut shown a minimum cut?
Give a reason for your answer.
20 31 Mr Ali, Ms Brown and a group of students were camping Solution
MS at the site located at P.

2
Mr Ali walked with some of the students on a bearing of Not to
035o for 7 km to location A. scale
Ms Brown, with the rest of the students, walked on a
bearing of 100o for 9 km to location B.
(a) Show that the angle APB is 65o. 1
(b) Find the distance AB. 2
(c) Find the bearing of Ms Brown’s group from Mr Ali’s group. 2
Give your answer correct to the nearest degree.
20 32 The diagram shows a regular decagon (ten-sided shape with all 4 Solution
MS sides equal and all interior angles equal).

2 The decagon has centre O.
The perimeter of the shape is 80 cm.
By considering triangle OAB, calculate the area of the ten-sided
shape.
Give your answer in square centimetres, correct to one decimal
place.
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20 33 The graph shows the number of Solution
MS bacteria, y, at time n minutes.

2 Initially (when n = 0) the number of
bacteria is 1000.
(a) Find the number of bacteria at 1
40 minutes.
(b) The number of bacteria can be 2
modelled by the equation
y = A × bn, where A and b are
constants.
Use the guess and check
method to find, to two decimal
places, an upper and lower
estimate for the value of b. The
upper and lower estimates must
differ by 0.01.
20 34 Tina inherits $60 000 and invests it in an account earning interest at a rate of 0.5% Solution
MS per month. Each month, immediately after the interest has been paid, Tina
2 withdraws $800.
The amount in the account immediately after nth withdrawal can be determined
using the recurrence relation An = An–1(1.005) – 800, where n = 1, 2, 3, … and
A0 = 60 000.
(a) Use the recurrence relation to find the amount of money in the account 2
immediately after the third withdrawal.
(b) Calculate the amount of interest earned in the first three months. 2
COMMON NESA 2020 Mathematics Standard 2 and Advanced HSC Examination
20 35 The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores for adults in City A are normally distributed Solution
MS with a mean of 108 and a standard deviation of 10.
2
The IQ scores for adults in City B are normally distributed with a mean of 112 and a
standard deviation of 16.
(a) Yin is an adult who lives in City A and has an IQ score of 128. 2
What percentage of the adults in this city have an IQ score higher than Yin’s?
(b) There are 1 000 000 adults living in City B. Calculate the number of adults in 2
City B that would be expected to have an IQ score lower than Yin’s?
(c) Simon, an adult who lives in City A, moves to City B. The z-score corresponding 3
to his IQ score in City A is the same as the z-score corresponding to his IQ score
in City B.
By first forming an equation, calculate Simon’s IQ score. Give your answer
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20 36 A cricket is an insect. The male cricket produces a chirping sound. 5 Solution
MS A scientist wants to explore the relationship between the temperature in degrees

2 Celsius and the number of cricket chirps heard in a 15-second time interval.
Once a day for 20 days, the scientist collects data.
Based on the 20 data points, the scientist provides the information below.
• A box-plot of the temperature data

is shown.
• The mean temperature in the

dataset is 0.525oC below the
median temperature in the dataset.
• A total of 684 chirps was counted when collecting the 20 data points.
The scientist fits a least-squares regression line using the data (x, y), where x is the
temperature in degrees Celsius and y is the number of chirps heard in a 15-second
time interval. The equation of this line is y = –10.6063 + bx, where b is the slope of
the regression line.
_ _ _
The least-squares regression line passes through the point ( x , y ) where x is the
_
sample mean of the temperature data and y is the sample mean of the chirp data.
Calculate the number of chirps expected in a 15-second interval when the
temperature is 19o Celsius. Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
COMMON QUESTION NESA 2020 Mathematics Standard 2* and Advanced HSC Examinations
20 37 Wilma deposited a lump sum into 3 Solution
MS a new bank account which earns

2 2% per annum compound interest.
Present value interest factors for
an annuilty of $1 for various
interest rates (r) and number of
periods (N) are given in the table.
Wilma was able to make the following withdrawals from this account.
• $1000 at the end of each year for twenty years (starting one year after the
account is opened)
• $3000 each year for ten years starting 21 years after the account is opened.
Calculate the minimum sum Wilma must have deposited when she opened the new
account.
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2019 HSC Examination Paper NineteenStwo

Back
19 1 Which of the following shapes has a perimeter of 12 cm? (Figures not to scale) 1 Solution
MS
2 A B C D

19 2 Sugar is sold in four different sized packets. Which is the best buy? 1 Solution
MS A. 100 g for $0.40 B. 500 g for $1.65 C. 1 kg for $3.50 D. 2 kg for
2
$6.90
19 3 Chris opens a bank account and deposits $1000 into it. Interest is paid at 3.5% 1 Solution
MS per annum, compounding annually. Assuming no further deposits or
2
withdrawals are made, what will be the balance in the account at the end of two
years?
A. $1070.00 B. $1071.23 C. $1822.50 D. $2070.00
19 4 Which compass bearing is the same as a true bearing of 110o? 1 Solution
MS A. S20oE B. S20oW C. S70oE D. S70oW
2
19 5 The Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of Auckland is +12 hours and the UTC of 1 Solution
MS Chicago is –5 hours.
2
When the time in Chicago is 2 pm, Thursday, what is the time in Auckland?
A. 9 pm, Wednesday B. 7 am, Thursday C. 9 pm, Thursday D. 7 am, Friday
19 6 Mary is 18 years old and has just purchased comprehensive motor vehicle 1 Solution
MS2 insurance. The following excesses apply to claims for at fault motor vehicle
accidents.
• Basic excess of $850 for each claim
• An additional age excess of $1600 for drivers under 25 years of age
• An additional age excess of $400 for drivers 25 years of age or over with no
more than 2 years driving experience
How much would Mary be required to pay as excess if she made a claim as the
driver at fault in a car accident?
A. $1600 B. $850 + $400
C. $850 + $1600 D. $850 + $1600 + $400
19 7 Julia earns $28 per hour. Her hourly pay rate increases by 2%. 1 Solution
MS How much will she earn for a 4-hour shift with this increase?
2
A. $2.24 B. $28.56 C. $112 D. $114.24
19 8 A person’s weight is measured as 79.3 kg. 1 Solution
MS2 What is the absolute error of this measurement?
A. 10 grams B. 50 grams C. 100 grams D. 500 grams
19 9 What is the interest earned, in dollars, if $800 is invested for x months at a 1 Solution
MS simple interest rate of 3% per annum?
2
A. 2x B. 24x C. 200x D. 2400x
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177
19 10 A school collected data related 1 Solution

MS to the reasons given by
2
students for arriving late. The
Pareto chart shows the data
collected
What percentage of students

gave the reason ‘Train or bus
delay’?
A. 6%
B. 15%
C. 30%
D. 92%

19 11 Which of the following correctly expresses y as the subject of the formula 1 Solution
MS 3x – 4y – 1 = 0?
2
3 3 3x − 1 3x + 1
A. y = x–1 B. y = x+1 C. y = D. y =
4 4 4 4
19 12 An owl is 7 metres above ground level, in a tree. The owl sees a mouse on the 1 Solution
MS ground at an angle of depression of 32o. How far must the owl fly in a straight
2
line to catch the mouse, assuming the mouse does not move?
A. 3.7 m B. 5.9 m C. 8.3 m D. 13.2 m
19 13 The graphs show the future values over 1 Solution
MS time of $P, invested at three different
2
rates of compound interest.
Which of the following correctly identifies
each graph?
A. W: 5% pa, compounding annually
Y: 10% pa, compounding quarterly
B. W: 5% pa, compounding annually
C. W: 10% pa, compounding quarterly
D. W: 10% pa, compounding annually
19 14 Last Saturday, Luke had 165 followers on social media. Rhys had 537 followers. 1 Solution
MS On average, Luke gains another 3 followers per day and Rhys loses 2 followers
2
per day.
If x represents the number of days since last Saturday and y represents the
number of followers, which pair of equations model this situation?
A. Luke: y = 165x + 3 B. Luke: y = 165 + 3x
Rhys: y = 537x – 2 Rhys: y = 537 – 2x
C. Luke: y = 3x + 165 D. Luke: y = 3 + 165x
Rhys: y = 2x – 537 Rhys: y = 2 – 537x
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19 15 The scores on an examination are normally distributed with a mean of 70 and a 1 Solution
MS standard deviation of 6. Michael received a score on the examination between the
2
lower quartile and the upper quartile of he scores.
Which shaded region most accurately represents where Michael’s score lies?
A. B.
C. D.

19 16 A bowl is in the shape of a hemisphere with a diameter of 2 Solution
MS 16 cm.
2
What is the volume of the bowl, correct to the nearest
cubic centimetre?

19 18 Andrew, Brandon and Cosmo are the first three batters in the school cricket Solution
MS team. In a recent match, Andrew scored 30 runs, Brandon scored 25 runs and
2
Cosmo scored 40 runs.
(a) What is the ratio of Andrew’s to Brandon’s to Cosmo’s runs, in simplest form? 2
(b) In this match, the ratio of the total number of runs scored by Andrew, 2
Brandon and Cosmo to the total number of runs scored by the whole team is
19:36. How many runs were scored by the whole team?
19 19 The heights, in centimetres, of 10 players on a basketball team are shown. 3 Solution
MS 170, 180, 185, 188, 192, 193, 193, 194, 196, 202
2
Is the height of the shortest player on the team considered an outlier?
19 20 A roulette wheel has the numbers 0, 1, 2, …, 36 where 2 Solution
MS each of the 37 numbers is equally likely to be spun.
2
If the wheel is spun 18 500 times, calculate the expected

frequency of spinning the number 8.

19 21 A person owns 1526 shares with a market value of $8.75 per share. 2 Solution
MS The total dividend received for these shares is $1068.20.
2
Calculate the percentage dividend yield.
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179
19 22 Two right-angled triangles, ABC and ADC, are 3 Solution

MS shown.
2
Calculate the size of angle , correct to the

nearest minute.

19 23 A set of bivariate data is collected by Solution
MS measuring the height and arm span of
2
seven children. The graph shows a
scatterplot of these measurements.
(a) Calculate Pearson’s correlation for 1

the data, correct to two decimal
places.
(b) Identify the direction and the 1

strength of the linear association
between the height and arm span.
(c) The equation of the least-squares regression line is shown. 1

Height = 0.866 × (arm span) + 23.7
A child has an arm span of 143 cm.
Calculate the predicted height for this child using the equation of the least-
19 24 Amanda uses 80 kilocalories of energy per kilometre while she is running. 2 Solution
MS She eats a burger that contains 2180 kilojoules of energy. How many kilometres
2
will she need to run to use up all the energy from the burger? Give your answer
correct to one decimal place. (1 kilocalorie = 4.184 kilojoules)
19 25 A bowl of fruit contains 17 apples of which 9 are red and 8 are green. 3 Solution
MS Dennis takes one apple at random and eats it. Margaret also takes an apple at
2
random and eats it.
By drawing a probability tree diagram, or otherwise, find the probability that
Dennis and Margaret eat apples of the same colour.
19 26 A project requires activities A to F to be Solution
MS completed. The activity chart shows the
2
immediate prerequisite(s) and duration
for each activity.
(a) By drawing a network diagram, 3
determine the minimum time for the
project to be completed.
(b) Determine the float time of the non- 1
critical activity.
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180
19 27 Ashley has a credit card with the following 3 Solution

MS2 conditions:
• There is no interest-free period
• Interest is charged at the end of each
month at 18.25% per annum,
compounded daily, from the purchase
date (included) to the last day of the
month (included).
Ashley’s credit card statement for April is
shown, with some figures missing.
The minimum payment is calculated as
2% of the closing balance on 30 April.
Calculate the minimum payment.
19 28 The formula below is used to calculate an estimate for blood 4 Solution
MS alcohol content (BAC) for females.
2
10N − 7.5H
BACFemale =
5.5M
The number of hours required for a person to reach zero BAC
after they stop consuming alcohol is given by the following
formula.
BAC
Time =
0.015
The number of standard drinks in a glass of wine and a glass
of spirits is shown.
Hannah weighs 60 kg. She consumed 3 glasses of wine and
4 glasses of spirits between 6:15 pm and 12:30 am the following day. She then
stopped drinking alcohol. Using the given formulae, calculate the time in the
morning when Hannah’s BAC should reach zero.
19 29 Part of a supermarket receipt is shown. 2 Solution
MS
2
Determine the missing value, A and B, to complete the
receipt.
Page 181
181
19 30 The network diagram shows the Solution

MS tracks connecting 8 picnic sites in a
2
nature park. The vertices A to H
represents the picnic sites. The
weights on the edges represent the
distances along the tracks between
the picnic sites, in kilometres.
(a) Each picnic site needs to provide 2
drinking water. The main water source is at site A. By drawing a minimum
spanning tree in the space below, calculate the minimum length of water
pipes required to supply water to all the sites if the water pipes can only be
laid along the tracks.
(b) One day the track between C and H is closed. State the vertices that identify 1
the shortest path from C to E that avoids the closed track.
19 31 A rectangle has width w centimetres. Solution
MS The area of the rectangle, A, in
2
square centimetres, is A = 2w2 + 5w.
The graph of A = 2w2 + 5w is shown.
(a) Explain why, in this context, the 1
model A = 2w2 + 5w only makes
sense for the bold section of the
graph.
(b) The area of the rectangle is 2
18 cm2.
Calculate the perimeter of the
rectangle.

MS rates for the 2018-2019 financial
2
year.
The Medicare levy is calculated as
2% of taxable income.
For the 2018-2019 financial year,
Charlie pays a Medicare levy of
$1934.80.
Calculate the tax payable on Charlie’s taxable income.
Page 182
182
19 33 The time taken for a car to travel Solution

MS between two towns at a constant
2
speed varies inversely with its speed.
It takes 1.5 hours for the car to travel
between the two towns at a constant
speed of 80 km/h.
(a) Calculate the distance between 1
the two towns.
(b) By first plotting four points, draw 3
a curve that shows the time
taken to travel between the two
towns at different constant
speeds.

19 34 The relationship between British Solution
MS pounds (p) and Australian dollars (d)
2
on a particular day is shown in the
graph.
(a) Write the direct variation 1
equation British pounds to
Australian dollars in the form
p = md. Leave m as a fraction
(b) The relationship between 2
Japanese yen (y) and Australian
dollars on the same day is given
by the equation y = 76d. Convert
93 100 Japanese yen to British
pounds.
19 35 A compass radial survey shows the positions of 3 Solution
MS four towns A, B, C and D relative to the point O.
2
The area of the triangle BOC is 198 km2.
Calculate the bearing of town C from point O,


19 36 A small business makes and sells bird Solution
MS houses. Technology was used to draw
2
straight-line graphs to represent the cost of
making bird houses (C) and the revenue
from selling bird house (R). The x-axis
displays the number of bird houses and the
y-axis displays the cost/revenue in dollars.
(a) How many bird houses need to be sold 1
to break even?
(b) By first forming equations for cost (C) 3
and revenue (R), determine how many
bird houses need to be sold to earn a
profit of $1900.
Page 183
183
19 37 A new car is bought for $24 950. Each year the 3 Solution
MS value of the car is depreciated by the same
2
percentage. The table shows the value of the
car, based on the declining-balance method of
depreciation, for the first three years. What is
the value of the car at the end of 10 years?
19 38 In a particular country, the birth weight of babies is normally distributed with a 2 Solution
MS mean of 3000 grams. It is known that 95% of these babies have a birth weight
2
between 1600 grams and 4400 grams. One of these babies has a birth weight of
3497 grams. What is the z-score of the baby’s birth weight?
19 39 Two netball teams, Team A and Team B, each played 5 Solution
MS 15 games in a tournament. For each team, the
2
number of goals scored in each game was recorded.
The frequency table shows the data for Team A.
The data for Team B was analysed to create the box

plot below.
Compare the distributions of the number of goals scored by the two teams.
Support your answer with the construction of a box-plot for the data for Team A.
19 40 A museum is planning an exhibition Solution
MS using five rooms. The museum
2
manager draws a network to help plan
the exhibition. The vertices A, B, C, D
and E represent five rooms.
The numbers on the edges represent
the maximum number of people per
hour who can pass through the security checkpoints between the rooms.
(a) What is the capacity of the cut shown? 1
(b) The museum manager is planning for a maximum of 240 visitors to pass 2
through the exhibition per hour. By using the ‘minimum cut-maximum flow’
theorem, the manager determines that the plan does not provide sufficient
flow capacity.
Draw the minimum cut onto the
network below and recommend
a change that the manager
could make to one or more
security checkpoints to increase
the flow capacity to 240 visitors
per hour.
Page 184
184
19 41 A map is drawn to scale, on 1-cm grid Solution

MS paper, showing the positions of a
2
supermarket and a cinema. A reservoir
is also shown.
(a) It takes 10 minutes to walk in a 3
straight line from the cinema to
the supermarket at a constant
speed of 3 km/h. Show that the
scale of the map is 1 cm = 100 m.
(b) The reservoir is initially empty. 3
During a storm 20 mm falls on the
reservoir. With the aid of one
application of the trapezoidal rule,
estimate the amount of water in
the reservoir immediately after the storm. Assume that all rain which falls
over the reservoir is stored. Give your answer in cubic metres.
19 42 The table shows the future values of an 3 Solution
MS annuity of $1 for different interest
2
rates for 4, 5 and 6 years. The
contributions are made at the end of
each year.
An annuity account is opened and
contributions of $2000 are made at the
end of each year for 7 years.
For the first 6 years, the interest rate is 4% per annum, compounded annually.
For the 7th year, the interest rate increases to 5% per annum, compounded
annually.
Calculate the amount in the account immediately after the 7th contribution is
made.

2021 - 2011 Maths Standard 2 HSC Qs by Topic (1)

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2021 - 2011 Maths Standard 2 HSC Qs by Topic (1)

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Mathematics Standard 2 HSC Examinations by Topics compiled by projectmaths.com.

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16 14 The graph shows a line which has an 1 Solution

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Syllabus: updated November 2019. Latest version @

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Syllabus: updated November 2019. Latest version @

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