EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

GEOGRAPHY

FIELD PROJECT REPORT

TOPIC:

TOURISM

BY
_____________________________

EXAMINATION NUMBER:
_____________________

© ECZ 2023

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to extend my gratitude and thanks to my supervisor at School for his

guidance and support throughout the process of this field report.

Secondly, I am indebted to thank my other family and parents for their support and financial

assistance for me to carry out this project successfully. Their efforts, love and prayers have

significantly contributed to this work.

May God bless them all!

(i)

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 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to my father, mother, sister and my little brother for their tireless

support and daily prayers which made me to accomplish this work successfully.

(ii)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknolwledgement................................................................................................................... i

Dedication............ ................................................................................................................... ii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Background of study........................................................................................................... 6

1.1 Location of the study area.................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Aim .................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Objectives............................................................................................................................ 8

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Methodology.......................................................................................................................9

2.1 Sampling techniques...........................................................................................................9

2.2 Data collection....................................................................................................................9

2.3 Instrumentation...................................................................................................................9

2.4 Data Analysis......................................................................................................................9

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Data presentation...........................................................................................................10-11

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Data Analysis ...............................................................................................................12-14

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................15

5.1 Recommendations..............................................................................................................15

CHAPTER SIX

6.0 Evaluation .........................................................................................................................16

6.1. Limitation of the
study.......................................................................................................16

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6.2. References/
Appendices.................................................................................................17-19

TITLE OF THE REPORT

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE BENEFITS OF CHISHIMBA HYDRO POWER

STATION TO THE PEOPLE OF KASAMA. A CASE STUDY OF KASAMA
DISTRICT OF NORTHERN PROVINCE.

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Background to the study

Chisimba Falls, is a series of waterfalls located in Kasama District, in the Northern Province
of Zambia. The waterfalls host the Chishimba Hydroelectric Power Station. The scenic views
around the falls, together with a museum under development, are major tourist attractions.

The waterfall complex comprises three separate waterfalls spread over a distance of about
300 metres along the Luombe River, as it flows in a general north to south direction. The
upper falls are called Mutumuna Falls. Here the river drops approximately 20 metres. The
middle falls are known as the Kayela Rapids, where the river ripples down about 10 metres.
The lower falls are the main Chishimba Fall, where the river drops another estimated 30
metres. This is a total drop of about 60 metres.

A hydro-electric power plant, the 15 MW Chishimba Hydroelectric Power Station, that is

owned and operated by ZESCO, is located at these falls. First commissioned in 1959, as a 0.9
MW installation, the power station was expanded to 6 MW in 1971. In the early 2020s the
capacity of this mini-hydropower plant is under expansion to 15 megawatts. The Chishimba
Falls belong to the Monuments and Historic Sites of Zambia. This report focuses on the
benefits of Chishimba Hydro Power Station to the people of Kasama. A case study of
Kasama District of Northern Province.

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1.2 LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA

The study was undertaken at Chishimba Falls.The falls are located approximately 40
kilometres, northwest of the city of Kasama, in Kasama District, in Zambia's Northern
Province, off of the Kasama–Mporokoso Road.

SKETCH MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

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Source: Google maps, 2023

1.3 Aim of the study

The aim of this study is to find out the benefits of Chishimba Hydro Power Station to the
people of Kasama. A case study of Kasama District of Northern Province

1.4 Objectives

 To find out the economic activities of tourism at Chishimba falls.

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  To find out the extent to which H.E.P at Chishimba falls benefits the local people in
the surrounding communities in Kasama District.

 To assess how H.E.P contributes the economy of Zambia.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The research
instruments that were used in the collection of data were questionnaire and interview
schedules alongside with observation.

2.1.SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

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A random sampling technique was used to choose the people to be interviewed in this project
report. The study site was observed and Interviews guides and questionnaires were used to
collect data from the 10 random selected local people Chishimba falls

2.2 DATA COLLECTION

Secondary sources from books and primary data sources were used in the collection of data.
The researcher also visited the areas under study to collect data using questionnaires and
interview guides as well as through observations on the areas under study.

2.3 INSTRUMENTATION

The study utilized a number of instruments which include the smart phones, interview
question guide, observation sheets, pens and note books. The pen, pencils and notes books
were used in jotting downs data and sketching of the townships. Smart phones were used in
taking photos, showing campus directions and used for time checking. Observation sheets
and questionnaires were used to indicate comments on sub-themes.

2.4 DATA ANALYSIS

Much of the collected data was qualitative and quantitative and thus it was first summarized
and sorted then analysed using pie charts, tables and bar graphs.

CHAPTER THREE

DATA COLLECTION

3.0 Tourism attractions at Chishimba falls

The table below shows the number of selected Tourist attraction centers at Chishimba falls.

MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTION CENTRES IN CHISHIMBA FALLS

Chishimba Falls
Lodges/Guest houses

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 Mountains,
Archaeological sites / game areas
Hydro Electrical power station

3.1.1Chart showing the tourist centers at Chishimba falls

Toursit Sites

Chishimba falls

Lodges / Guest houses

Mountains

H.E.P

Archaeological sites

3.2 Table below shows the responses from people on the advantages of hydroelectric
power

ADVANTAGES OF H.E.P POWER IN ZAMBIA

1. Renewable energy won’t run out (Readily available)

2. Maintenance requirements are lower
3. Renewables save money

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 4. Source of foreign energy sources and HEP
5. Easy Intermittency
3. Can produce high voltage
4. Has few Geographic limitations

3.2.1 Chart showing people responses on the advantages and hydro – electric power

Readily available

Saves money
Lower maintenance

ADVANTAGES
No health implications Easy

Intermittency

Low Geographic
limitations
Lower upfront
costs Water resources are
available

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

Chishimba Falls, is by the Luombe River, Chishimba Falls are actually a combination of
three successive falls, incorporating Mutumena Falls and Kaela Rapids as well as Chishimba
itself. The spot is situated about 33 kms from the town of Kasama, in the Northern Province.
The impressive main part of the falls is around 20 metres high

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CULTURAL SITES

Chishimba falls old On the Eastern bank of the river just above the falls is a camp site. There
is a rainforest on the Western Bank. There are various trails and viewing points around the
falls.

The Bemba people regard the Chishimba Falls as one of the most sacred places of power. The
nature spirit Chishimba resides in the cave below the falls which is a place of prayer and
honour. No insults, curses, words of vengeance or hatred may be uttered in the vicinity of the
cave. You can walk behind the falls into this cave.

TOUR TO THE CHISHIMBA FALLS

The Chishimba Falls. A lot of tourists come to see these magnificent waterfalls. The waterfall
complex comprises three separate waterfalls spread over a distance of about 300 metres along
the Luombe River, as it flows in a general north to south direction. The upper falls are called
Mutumuna Falls

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The river drops approximately 20 metres. The middle falls are known as the Kayela Rapids,
where the river ripples down about 10 metres (33 ft).

WALKWAYS AND GAME SITES= LOCAL FORESTS

The Chishimba Falls belong to the Monuments and Historic Sites of Zambia

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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER STATION

A hydro-electric power plant, the 15 MW Chishimba Hydroelectric Power Station, that is

owned and operated by ZESCO, is located at these falls. First commissioned in 1959, as a 0.9
MW installation, the power station was expanded to 6 MW in 1971. In the early 2020s the
capacity of this mini-hydropower plant is under expansion to 15 megawatts.

CHAPTER FOUR

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4.0. DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

HOW ELECTRICITY IS TRANSMITTED TO HOMES

Electricity is an indispensable part of daily life, but there are three major steps that must be
carried out before it reaches homes in a usable form.

The first step

This involves the generating electricity. Once the force of a flowing river is turned into
electricity at hydropower dams

Generator. Connected to the turbine by shafts and possibly gears so when the turbine spins it
causes the generator to spin also. Converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into
electric energy. Generators in hydropower plants work just like the generators in other types
of power plants.

Second stage

The energy must flow along transmission lines, sometimes hundreds of miles from its source.
When electricity first leaves a dam, it is high voltage, meaning it’s very powerful too
powerful to run our appliances and electronics. High- voltage transmission is the preferred
method to move electricity across long distances because less electricity is lost in transit.
High-voltage transmission wires, or conductors, are typically strung between tall steel towers

Transmission lines. Conduct electricity from the hydropower plant to homes and business.

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The third step

The electricity nears cities and communities, it passes through a substation that uses
transformers to change the electricity into a lower, more usable voltage. From there it travels
on distribution lines, which use thinner, lighter conductors that are typically strung between
wooden poles. These lines carry energy through neighborhoods to the electric outlets that
power the lights and power electic appliances like TV,radio, fridges etc. To be able to use this
electricity, transformers installed in the poles reduce the voltage to 240V suitable for
residential use.

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4.3 IMPORTANCE OF HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER TO PEOPLES LIVES

PROMOTES SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

The findings review that Hydro electric power has effect on small and medium scale
entrepreneurs. It shows that Hydro electric power promotes most business operations and
financial viability. The information from this study revealed that the majority of people
depends on Hydro electric power for their business

Cafes and restaurants

Most shops and and information gathered from people working in cafes and restaurants
revealed that Hydro electric power is their main source of energy. Some cafes use power in
printing and photocopying machines

HEP is used in homes and industries as well as small Shops, Barbershop, Saloons and
Welders

Barbershops and salons depends on Hydro electric power. People gain income and support
them in daily needs such as School fees for the children whose parents work in barbershops
and solons as well as welders

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Advantages of Zesco Prepaid Meters

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION

5.1. CONCLUSION

This study has revealed that Zesco prepaid meters offer numerous advantages to consumers,
including accurate billing, a pay-as-you-go system, remote monitoring and management,
energy-saving features, and reduced power outages

The Prepaid Meter comes with a card that will be given to you after your meter has been
installed. When buying units, the vendor will give you a cash sale receipt, showing how much
you have spent and how many units are to be credited in your meter as well as the date of
purchase.

Prepayment metering method of buying electricity enables people to buy electricity units in
affordable quantities before use. The prepayment meter works the same way as a pre-paid
cell phone system, pay as you use. This study concludes that benefits make Zesco prepaid

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meters an attractive option for both residential and commercial consumers looking for a
reliable and efficient electricity supply.

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

 The government should, provide and promote a supportive environment friendly

source of energy to cushion the demands for HEP.
 The government should scrutinize the advantages and disadvantages of prepaid meters
and reduce the cost of HEP to improve people lives.

CHAPTER FIVE

6.0 CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION

5.1. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, it can be said that tourism in Chishimba falls comes along with a lot of positives as it
offers employment opportunities and a lot of development socially, economically and
environmentally for the people Chishimba falls. The population has grown as a result of much
development that can be attributed to tourism.

5.1.1Advantages and disadvantages of tourism

Foreign exchange earnings Tourists spend money on travel, accommodation and

entertainment there is direct income on Taxes from also increase government income

5.1.2 Employment:

Local people in Chishimba falls are employed in hotels and as tourist guides. Others find jobs
as taxi drivers, coach drivers, airline staff, travel agents and sales staff in shops in tourist
centers. Tourism also creates employment opportunities in other services industries, such as
restaurants, hotels, motels and lodges, as well as fashion shops.

5.1.3 Infrastructural development:

Tourism brings in foreign exchange taxes that help the government to pay for improving,
such as roads and bridges. The development of tourism areas also helps to improve the
general infrastructure, such as roads in many parts of the country

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5.1.4 Cultural exchange:

Tourism helps to increase international understanding and relationships as tourists interact

with people in Zambia. It also it helps with preservation and conservation of our cultural
heritage of our cultural heritage, as tourists are interested in learning more about our
traditions. Traditional crafts, such as woodcarving, benefits from also sales to tourists who
want souvenirs to remember their trip.

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The government should come in and help the small scale Tourism activities among
local people in Chishimba falls.
2. Government must encourage tourist operators by reducing taxes and encourage them
to establish opportunities for locals
3. Chishimba falls tourist attractions should be advertised worldwide to increase
awareness

CHAPTER SIX

7.0 EVALUATION
This study has drawn some clear conclusions about the effects of tourism in Chishimba falls.
A number of evaluative points can be made. Firstly, given time and personnel restrictions it
was difficult to survey the whole Chishimba falls accurately. It is worth concluding that
although this was a fairly broad piece of fieldwork, there was so much more which could be
investigated. Different groups of people have very strong views on gentrification and it is
hoped that this piece of work provides an impartial outsider’s view on its nature and extent of
tourism activities in Chishimba falls.

6.1. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

 The report likely had biased as the data was undertaken in Chishimba falls town only,

hence its findings are limited to Chishimba falls and cannot be generalised across

other tourists centres in Zambia. To overcome this, there is need to carry out similar

studies across other tourist centres in Zambia.

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  Some respondents who were selected were illiterate to the extent that they could

neither read nor write on the questionnaires, thus researcher had to read and write on

their behalf .

 Time was also inadequate and this encounter did not allow the researcher to build a

strong rapport with the research community. There in need for more time allocation.

REFERENCES

Aboagye, A. (1986). Tourism Sector Employment in Kenya. Geneva: ILO Publishers.

Hart, K. (1971). Economic Opportunities and Urban Employment in Tourism. London:

Journal of Modern African Studies Vol.11 No1

ILO, (1999) Social and labour issues in small-scale Tourism. Geneva: International Labour
Office Geneva.

Labonne, B. and Gilman, J. (1999). Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-
scale mines. Geneva: International Labour Organization (ILO).

Chishimba falls, I. (1991). A Reassessment of Kenya’s Rural and Urban informal Sector.
Great Britain University of East Anglia. Great Britain World Development Volume 19 No 6.

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 Sida. (2004). Strategic Guidelines for SIDA Support to Market-Based Rural Poverty
Reduction. Improving Income among Rural Poor. Stockholm: Department of Natural
Resources and the Environment.

Appendix I

QUESTIONNAIRE

(FOR OFFICIALS FROM MINISTY OF TOURISM)

Q BACKGROUND INFORMATION
No
.
1 Gender of the respondent
Male Female
2. How long have you worked in this ministy
less than 5 years
between 5 and 10 years
over 10 year
3. What is the major occupation of most people in Chishimba falls?
Tour Guides
Teachers
Nurse or Doctors
Farmers
Self- employment

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 Others specify………………………………………………….
4. What is your monthly income

less than K500

K500 to K1,000
K1,000 to K2,000
K2,000 to K5,000
More than K5,000
5. Do you socially benefit from Tourism activities in this area?
Yes No Don’tknow
Job creation
improvement of road infrastructure
maintenance of sanitation such as drainages
student scholarships
health care services
recreation services such as sports
6.
Kindly explain how Tourism contributes to the Zambian economy
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………..………...
INTERVIEW SHEET (COMMUNITY MEMBERS)
Q BACKGROUND INFORMATION
No
.
1 Gender of the respondent
Male Female
2. How long have you lived in this township
less than 5 years
between 5 and 10 years
over 10 year
3. What is your occupation
Tour Guide
Teacher
Nurse or Doctor
Farmer
Self- employment

Others specify………………………………………………….
4. What is the importance of tourism in Chishimba falls
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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 _________________________________________________________________
5. Do you socially benefit from Tourism activities in this area?
Yes No Don’t know
Job creation
improvement of road infrastructure
maintenance of sanitation such as drainages
student scholarships
health care services
recreation services such as sports
6.
Kindly explain how Tourism contributes to the Zambian economy
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………..………...
THANK FOR YOUR TIME

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