STAGES IN RESEARCH / RESEARCH PROCESS

STAGE 1: FORMULATION OF RESEARCH TOPIC

- Defining research topics / choosing your area of study for research

- Selection of topic should be very careful in its description

- It should be an in-depth concern about the issue.

- Criteria for defining a research topic

a. Is it Relevant? – select a relevant problem/ topic / area for the study

b. Is it Researchable? – select a topic which researchable.

c. Is it feasible? – Feasibility of the study (Time frame). It should be managed and controlled.

d. Is it Ethical? – Check for ethical ness of your area.

STAGE 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

- Collection of Materials related to the topic of study

- Collect any information about what is known about the topic earlier.

- Even, research done in the same area.

- Sources: Books, Journal, Magazines, records etc..

STAGE 3: CLARIFING THE CONCEPTS AND THEIR MEASUREMENT

Concepts – It is an abstract statement/ idea about a particular theme/ phenomena

Types of concepts 1) Real Definition

2) Nominal Definition (User defined)

3) Operational Definition (it is how the concept is used in the study)

STAGE 4: ESTABLISHING A RESEARCH DESIGN

Research Design – blue print of the study / plan

Setting the HYPOTHESIS if needed

Considering the purpose, values & ethics of the study

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STAGE 5: ESTABLISHING AN APPROPRIATE DATA COLLECTION METHOD

STAGE 6: ESTABLISHING SAMPLE TECHNIQUES

Universe, Sample size, sample frame, techniques – random / non random

STAGE 7: DATA COLLECTION

STAGE 8: PROCESSING OF DATA & ANAYLSING THE DATA

Classification & tabulation of data, graphical representations etc

Analyzing data – interpretation of data using statistical tools etc..

Find out the new result/ checking the hypothesis etc

STAGE 9: PRENENTATION OF DATA