Team members:

D.Jai Harish(22BME040)
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SUSPENSION

● Introduction
● Parts
● Function of each parts
● Science
● Technology
Introduction of the suspension:
● Suspension introduced by Horse drawn carriages.
Suspension minimize the vibration of the vehicle.
● A suspension system is a set of mechanical connections,
springs, and dampers that connect the wheels to the
chassis(body).
● It has managing the vehicle’s handling and braking for
safety, and keeping passengers comfortable from bumps,
vibrations, and other factors.
● It is a mechanical system of springs or shock absorbers
connecting the wheels .
Parts used in suspension:
 ● Spring
● Damper
● Piston & piston rod
● Valves
● Upper mount & lower mount
● Sealblock
● Rebound adjuster
Function of the parts :
Spring:
● Springs are coiled steel wire that compress when act
upon by an external force(wheel dip on road).
● Uneven road surfaces and thus provide an assurance of
high levels of ride comfort.To protect passengers from
road shocks and give a comfortable ride.
● Spring rate is determined by force required to compress
it a certain distance.
● when higher spring rate is said to firmer suspension and
It have a lower spring is said to be softer suspension.
● Generally it is denoted by pounds per inch (lb/in) or
newton per mm(N/mm).
Types of springs used in suspension:
● Coil spring
● Leaf spring
● Torsion bar
● Air spring
● Progressive spring
● Hydraulic spring
Coil spring:
 ● In this coil spring is made with high strength steel wire
formed in helical shape.
● This allows the vehicle to bounce less when loaded. Coil
spring suspension is also used in high performance cars .
● It is customised with different coating & materials to
improve their performance and durability.
● It is used in powder coating and silicone coating.
● Powder coating is helps to protect rust and corrosion.
● Silicone coating is reduce noise and friction.
● Reduce weight and improve handling while used in
titanium and fiberglass(material used in coil spring)
Why coil spring in helical shape?
● This shape allows the spring to be compact and
efficiently while providing the spring rate.
● While using helical shape stores a potential energy.
● when the vehicle encounter the road( dip )spring get
compress hence absorbing the force(potential energy).
● When the vehicle is over bump in the road ,spring
extend hence releasing the stored energy.
● Uses:
*Provide control and comfortable ride
*Reduce the impact felt by the vehicle.
Why the suspension have different distance in upper and
lower part of the spring?
● In upper part of the suspension distance between the
vehicle body and the wheel. It improve capability and
ability to absorb shock from uneven terrain(load)
.vehicle centre of gravity is raised.
 ● In lower part of the suspension distance between the
vehicle body & the wheels to improve vehicle handling
and stability on smooth. In this case vehicle centre of
gravity is lowered.

● Uses:
*Better handling on smooth roads.
Why the suspension couldn’t place straight?
● If the suspension system was placed in straight
angle(perpendicular to the ground).It would be able to
only absorb the vertical force .
● can’t able to(absorb)handle lateral force effectively .
● It reduce stability and uncomfortable feel, poor
handling.
Distance is same from the bottom of the spring to the top of
the spring?
● Most of the motor cycle using progressively
arrangement. In bottom of spring ,it will be quite soft at
the top of the spring . Because racer actually never use
at the softest part of the spring usually load the
motorcycle active bit,so they run linear spring,whereas
street riders generally put a less load on suspension.
● In linear suspension constant relationship between load
and deflection.
● In progressive(variable) spring is not constant in load &
deflection in the progressive.
Damper:
● Damper is also known as the shock absorber, plays
a role in controlling the movement and oscillations
of the suspension system.
● It absorbs the energy generated by the suspension
when it is compress.
● Damper helps to minimise the oscillations and
vibration. And also reduce excessive bouncing and
normal bouncing.
● when the shock absorber compress piston rod
enter into the oilcylinder.
● In that cylinder filled hydraulic oil,hence it said to
be oilcylinder.
● Oil is filled in cylinder it generates thermal energy,
and allow piston enter move inside the cylinder.
Piston:
● Piston enters into the rod,it creates pressure in the
damper cause the flow of fluid through valves and
orifices.
● The resistance of fluid against the piston creates the
damping force.
● It helps to absorb the dissipate energy of motion.
Uses:
*Reduce vibration, oscillation, shocks in the system.
Valves:
● Control the flow of the fluid in damper.
 ● Valves can be designed to operate in different ways
depending on the type of damper’s application.
● Generally, valves are used depends upon the specific
application in suspension on the system.
Function:
Regulate the flow rate and pressure of the fluid, direction flow.
Types of valves:
● Ball valves
● Gate valves
● Globe valves
● Butterfly valves
● Diaphragm valves
● Pressure relief valves
*Ball valves:
● Spherical inside that rotates to allow r block the flow of
fluid.
*Gate valves:
● Flat or wedge shaped gate that lipbs are closer the flow
path.
*Butterfly valves:
● Disc shaped element that rotates around a axis to flow.
*Diaphragm valves:
● It is used to flexible diaphagm to regulate flow by
changing shape.
*Pressure relief valves:
 ● It is used to control the pressure in a system by realising
excess pressure.
Compression valves:
When compress the damper open the compression valves
And oil will flow it is larger in size.It has a low resistance.
Rebound valve:
In compression mode rebound is closed condition . In rebound
mode compression valve is closed condition.It has a high
resistance.
● Oil goes to compress the gas.when the damper get
compress. In the gas to use rebound of the spring. It is use
to rebound slowly hence passenger gets good comfort
and it reduce vibration.
Why have two way port in valve?
● Because, when compress the damper oil outside through
larger way. In rebound ,oil go smaller valve.
Why oil didn’t go single way?
● Because ,rider can’t feel comfort and not get absorb
shock efficiently .[How many speed compress in spring ,it
rebound the same speed]
Why goes oil in lower?
● Oil not accommodate in upper part because it has no
place in upper, hence come down in lower part.
Rebound adjuster:
 ● It is found in adjust the shock absorber .It control the
suspension oscillation.
● In soft: adjust anticlockwise direction. In hard : adjust
clock wise direction.
Sealblock:
● It prevents fluid leak. System fail or degrade.Prevent
contamination in dust.
Upper mount & lower mount:
● These are connected to the vehicle chassis (body).It is
also known as struct mount .
● upper mount located at top of the suspension assembly.
Lower mount is also known as the control arm mount , it
is located in bottom of the suspension.
● In upper mount support weight of the vehicle and handle
the force transmitted through suspension during driving.
● In lower mount helps to maintain the alignment and
stability of the suspension.