1 Force and motion

1. Force (vector)

2012-7
b. The length of the line represents the magnitude of the vector / The direction of the line shows the
direction of the vector.
c. By scale diagram

2010-3.
a.
(i) Any two from the following: mass, speed, distance, power, time, frequency, density
(ii) Vectors are represented by arrowed lines. The length of the line indicates the magnitude, and the
direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the quantity.

2009-6.
a. A resultant vector is a single vector which is equivalent to the combined effect of two or more
component vectors acting at the same point.
b. Velocity has a size and a direction while speed has only a size.
c.

1 Force and motion - Answers

c.
(i)

(ii) From the resultant force, it shows that 1cm represents 2N.
Horizontal length=5cm
∴ Horizontal force = 5 × 2 = 10N

2005-4.
a.

B AB // CD
D
AC // BD
40 N
ABDC is parallelogram.
∴ AD is resultant force of two
forces of 40N and 50N.
AD2 = AB2 + AC2
A C = 402 + 502
50 N = 4100
AD  64
The magnitude of resultant force
AD is 64N.

2. Velocity & acceleration

2012-7.
d.
The speed of object decreases 3[m/s] per 1second.
final speed is :
20[m/s]3[m/s2]5[s] = 5[m/s]
1 Force and motion - Answers
2011-1.
c
final velocity(v) − initial velocity(u) (30 − 0) [𝑚⁄𝑠]
Acceleration = = = 10 [𝑚⁄𝑠 2 ]
time taken(t) 3 [𝑠]

2008-6.
d.
(i)
20[𝑚⁄𝑠]
= 5[m⁄𝑠 2 ]
4[𝑠]
(ii)
F = ma
= 200[kg] × 5[m⁄𝑠 2 ]
= 1000 [N]

2007-5.
b.
(i) From A to B there was uniform acceleration.
From B to C there was uniform deceleration (retardation) of 1.25m/s2.
From C to D there was zero acceleration (constant speed) of 50 m/s
(ii) Distance covered=Area under the graph
1 1 1
= (base × height) = × 40 × (75 − 25) = × 40 × 50 = 1000m
2 2 2

2006-6.
a. It is the rate of change of velocity. Or it is the change in speed (velocity) per unit time.
b.
(i)
v − u 60m/s − 80m/s
a= = = −5m/s2
t 4s
∴ Average deceleration is 5m/s 2
(ii)
v−u
a=
t

0m/s − 80m/s
−5m/s2 =
t
−80m/s
t=
−5m/s2
t=16s

1 Force and motion - Answers

2004-8.
a. Measure the distance the athlete traveled and the time taken.
Average speed of the athlete can be calculated as:
distance the athlete traveled / the time taken.
b. error for measuring distance / error for measuring time taken

2003-1
b.
(i) 60Km
(ii) 5hours
(iii)
Velocity from A to B is 10 km/h,
from B to C is 0 km/h,
from C to D is 15 km/h.
(iv)
total distance 30 km
Average speed = = = 15 km/h
time taken 2 hours
(v) It is a scalar quantity because it has no direction.

3. Newton’s law

2012-7.
a. For every force of action acting on a body, there is an equal and opposite force of reaction by the
body.

2011-1.
a Free fall occurs when an object falls with uniform acceleration under the force of gravity if air
resistance is negligible.
b Air resistance (friction force) and Force of gravity.

2010-3.
b.
(i) By rowing, the person exerts force on water backwards. Then the force from water reacts on the
oar forward, which accelerates the boat.
(ii) Newton’s third law
(iii) Resistance due to water; Reaction of water through the oar

1 Force and motion - Answers

2008-6.
a. Air resistance, Weight of the object
b.
(i) F1: air resistance F2:weight or gravitational force
(ii) F1 is the same as F2.
c. It states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the force
acting on the object.

2006-8.
a. At the start the weight (W) of the ball makes it fall vertically downwards under gravity and is
greater than the upward viscous force opposing its motion. As the ball speeds up, the upward force
(fluid friction) increases and eventually equals weight W of the ball. The forces acting on the ball then
balance and it moves with constant speed (terminal speed); the ball reaches the bottom of the tube
with this constant speed,

2005-4.
b.
(i) gravitational force
(ii) downwards
(iii)

(iv) Because the falling motion does not depend on mass of the object in case of the condition which
has no air resistance in vacuum condition.

1 Force and motion - Answers