Siemens_Slides_Motor_Protection_Advanced english

Motor Protection
© Siemens AG 2006
Motor Protection - Table of Contents
Motor Protection in General

▪ Fault Types, Protection Functions
▪ Siemens Relays
▪ Applications
▪ Additional features
Motor Protection in Detail

▪ Different Overload Functions
for Stator and Rotor
▪ Negative Sequence Protection
▪ Short Circuit Protection
▪ Stator-Earth Fault Protection
▪ Additional Functions, Overview
▪ Setting Example
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 2 Jul-06 Author Power Transmission and Distribution
Motor Protection - Motor Management
Industrial Application
Utility Lines
Utility
Interconnection
Transformer
Bus
Feeder
Motor
M M G
Motor
Loads Loads
Loads
Loads M M M M
©
Siemens AG 2006
Protection Functions for Various Types of Motor Faults
Type of Faults Protection Functions ANSI-No.

▪ Thermal overload of the stator ▪ Stator thermal overload protection 49
during operation (with or without memory)
▪ Thermal overload of the rotor ▪ Two protection principles for the
during start rotor overload protection
▪ too long or blocked ▪ Motor starting time supervision 48
▪ too frequent ▪ Restart inhibit 66, 49R
▪ Loss of phase; voltage unbalance ▪ Negative seq. protection (I2/IN) 46
▪ Bearing overload ▪ Temperature sensors (RTD‘s) 38
▪ Earth-fault ▪ Earth-fault protection 50G, 64G, 67G
▪ Short-circuit (2 or 3 phase) ▪ Short-circuit protection (I>, Idiff>) 51, 87
▪ Overheating of plant on unloaded ▪ Undercurrent protection; 37
drives (Pumps, compressors) Active power protection (P<) 32U
▪ Undervoltage ▪ Undervoltage protection 27
(Starting torque not reached
M  U2 or start too long
▪ Asynchronous operation ▪ Underexcitation protection 40
(of a synchronous motor)
©
Siemens AG 2006
Motor Protection SIPROTEC 4
Numerical Protection Devices
7SJ61,62 7SJ63, 64
7SJ602
Protection
and
7UM61 7UM62
Control
Protection
©
Siemens AG 2006
Scope of Motor Protection Functions
©
Siemens AG 2006
Motor Protection Device Selection
7SJ60 7SJ61
Small
More functions,
100 - I/O`s and com-
500 kW munications
M possibilities
7SJ62 7UM61
Medium Higher accuracy
and a wide frequency
500 kW - operating range
2 MW (11 - 69 Hz);
M more I/O`s and prot.
functions for
synchronous motors
7UM62
Large
Device fulfills all protection
>2 MW requirements for asynchronous
and synchronous motors
M (Options: Asynchronous Motor;
Generator Basis)
©
Siemens AG 2006
SIPROTEC 7SJ602 V3.5 / V3.6
Connection Diagram, 4 x I
L1
L2
L3
7SJ6021 / 7SJ6025
L1 ▪ Short circuit
L2
L3
▪ Ground fault, non directional
N
▪ Negative sequence /
unbalanced load
i0
▪ Thermal overload for stator
and rotor (restart inhibit)
▪ Starting time supervision
RTD box
▪ Undercurrent monitoring
7XV5662
Motor (6 measuring
points) ▪ Breaker failure
serial
Interface
▪ External RTD box

For earthed networks (low ohmic or
solid)
©
Siemens AG 2006
Connection Diagram, 3 x I, 1 x V
L1
L2
L3 7SJ6022 / 7SJ6026
▪ Short circuit
▪ Ground fault,
L1
L3
N ▪ non directional
▪ directional
i0
▪ Negative sequence /
unbalanced load
u0
▪ Thermal overload for stator
RTD box
and rotor (restart inhibit)
7XV5662
Motor (6 measuring
points)
▪ Undercurrent monitoring
serial
Interface
▪ Breaker failure
For isolated or Peterson coil earthed
networks
©
Siemens AG 2006
Numerical Motor Protection 7SJ62 / 7SJ63/64
Combined protection
L1 and control device
L2
L3
Protection Function
L1
▪ Overcurrent protection
L2
L3 ▪ Thermal overload protection
N for stator and rotor
(Restart inhibit)
i0
▪ Negative sequence protection
u0 ▪ Earth-fault protection
L1 (non-directional, directional)
L3
▪ Undervoltage protection
▪ Undercurrent protection
▪ Breaker failure protection
Motor
©
Siemens AG 2006
Application Example with the Device 7UM62
(Option: Asynchronous Motor)
A (L1)
B (L2)
C (L3)
Protection Functions
▪ Differential protection,
ANSI
52 overcurrent time protection
e
▪ Thermal overload protection
n
R13
R14
7UM62
VE for stator and rotor
R15
R17
R18
VA(L1)
VB(L2) (Restart inhibit)
VC(L3)
▪ Motor starting time

R16
Q1 IA(L1)S2
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
IB(L2)S2
IC(L3)S2
supervision
Q6
k Q8 IEE2 ▪ Negative Seq. protection

▪ Earth-fault protection
l Q7
K13 +
TD1
Measuring transducer
▪ Undervoltage protection
RTD module for injection of any K14
analog signal
K15 +
e.g. speed, TD2
7XV5662 vibration, pressure K16
(6 meas.
junctions)
To serial
K17 +
K18
TD3 ▪ Undercurrent protection
▪ Active under power protection
interface
J7 IEE1
J8
IA(L1)S1
▪ Frequency protection
J1
J2
J3 IB(L2)S1
J4
▪ Breaker failure protection

J5 IC(L3)S1
J6

FromRTD module Port C or D
©
Siemens AG 2006
Temperature Measuring via RTD box
RS485 (private protocol)
Optical possible
with additional
converter 7XV5650
Max. 2 RTD boxes = 12 RTD‘s
PT100; Ni 100; Ni 120

2 Thresholds;
Logical Combinations
via CFC possible
Location as an information
©
Siemens AG 2006
Redundancy at Large Motors (> 10 MW)
7SJ64
Voltage transfer
Back-up Motor
Protection and
Control
7UM62
Main Motor
Protection
M
©
Siemens AG 2006
Motor Protection SIPROTEC 4 (Motor Protection Co-ordination)
Field of operation of motor
Instantaneous stage
very high set I>>>

Definite overcurrent time protection

high-set I>>
I>>>
Starting time supervision
Overcurrent time protection

I>> inverse time Ip>
IStart = IStrt
Overload protection
(stator)
Start up current
IStrt>
1,5 IN,M
1,1 IN,M
Differential protection
IOperation = IM
TI>> tStart = tStrt t
©
Siemens AG 2006
High Flexibility in Control via CFC
With the integrated PLC (CFC), supervision of measurements,

interlocking and motor control is possible
©
Siemens AG 2006
Effective Plant Operation with Measurements from the Protection
I1 :400.9A f:50.0Hz
U1:12.22kV
P :+8.03MW cos  
Q :+2.64MVar
L1 402.1A Max450.1A
L2 401.2A Max421.2A
L3 401.0A Max431.4A
E 00.0A 4-line Display
All relevant measurements and demand

metering values are available:
▪ Check of the motor operation
▪ Support of the commissioning
▪ Simple check of the protection
Graphic-Display
©
Siemens AG 2006
Flexible Communication Solutions
Possible Interfaces:
▪ Profibus DP Control system
▪ Modbus RTU or the plant
Annunciations
▪ IEC 60870-5-103 Measurements
▪ Ethernet with
IEC 61850
Modem
RS 485
Telephone Network
Modem
7UM622 7UM621 7SJ62 7SJ62 7SJ61 DIGSI 4

Remote Control
Motor Protection Devices
©
Siemens AG 2006
©
Siemens AG 2006
Thermal Overload Protection Functions
▪ Thermal Overheating of the Stator

▪ during continuous operation
▪ Thermal Overheating of the Rotor

▪ during start (too long, locked rotor)
▪ during too frequent starts
▪ during a negative sequence current
▪ loss of phase
▪ unsymmetrical voltage
▪ Thermal overheating of bearings
▪ Thermal overheating of plant on unloaded drives

©
Siemens AG 2006
Overload Impact (General)
Ppl = Relc Ppl: power loss (active power)

 I2 Relc: electrical resistance
I: current
Ppl PCV
Temperature rise if Ploss > PConvection Overheating

High temperatures lead to a stress of insulating material and reduces the
lifetime / loss insulating ability (breakdown caused by temperature )
©
Siemens AG 2006
Overload Protection (Stator)
Thermal overload with total memory (thermal model)

Equivalent model: I2

C = thermal capacity
C R U=^  R = thermal resistance
0 th = RC
I 2
 = (-0)  ( ) IN
(I/k  IN )2 − (Ipreload /k  IN )2 Thermal
t =  thln memory
(I/k  IN )2 − 1
100% tripping threshold
IN: rated motor current k2
(full load current) excess temperature 
Iprelod preload current
k permissible overload factor
(according Service Factor of IEEE)
th thermal time constant
0 reference temperature (40°C) tA th t
©
Siemens AG 2006
Faults during Motor Starting
▪ Mechanical causes
▪ Locked rotor (n = 0)
▪ Inhibited start due damage or destruction of motor or drive
components or insufficient unloading of the driven
machine (accelerating torque too small) tst > tst,normal
▪ Failure to unload the drive on the process side;
load torque > motor torque (0 < n < nN; tst > tst,normal)
▪ Electrical causes
▪ Interruption of a phase (n = 0)
▪ Undervoltage (tst > tst,normal)
©
Siemens AG 2006
Starting Current of an Asynchronous Motor

ih
ih = f(t)
b
Îhp
2 2
hmax
h
2 2
2 2
1 2 3
t =0 s = sb
s =1 Start
sb  s < 1 Re-acceleration
ih = quasi static starting current

1 = transiente starting current
îhp = starting current
2 = quasi static starting current
ihmax = max. quasi static starting current
3 = decayed starting current
sb = slip during operation
©
Siemens AG 2006
Motor Starting Time Supervision
I Current during
1
locked rotor
U = UN 1
Current during
IStart 2
(Motordata) start up of motor
2
U < UN  
2
t =  Start  tStart for  > „IStrt>“
 
Threshold of motor start up

IStrt>
(Setting)
IOperation = IM
tStart t
(Motor data)
©
Siemens AG 2006
Test Lab Measurements of the Motor Starting

8
8
6
Multiple of rated motor current
I1 k
j
I2 k
j 4
IKL
j
0.77 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
0.1 t1  t2  tKL 13.5
j j j
Ti me in seconds
Starting current at U = Un
Starting current at U = 0,85 Un
Possible Characteristic
©
Siemens AG 2006
Locked Rotor or Stall Time < Acceleration Time
1 Current during
locked rotor
I 2 Current during
start up of motor
U = UN 1
IStart
(Motordata)
2 Trip at:
I>Istrt> &
t>tLocked rotor &
n < nLimit
Threshold of motor start up
IStrt>
(Setting)
Limit of
locked rotor
IOperation = IM
time
tStart
tLocked rotor (Motor data) t
©
Siemens AG 2006
TOO Frequent Motor Starts
▪ Thermal stress of the rotor

▪ Overheating of the rotor
▪ Reduction of motor life time
©
Siemens AG 2006
Rotor Overload - Restart Inhibit (too Frequent Starts)
Evaluation of the Thermal Model
1. Typical data of a motor

- Number of warm starts nW
- Number of cold starts nC
- Starting time tSt
- Starting current ISt
2. A thermal model 1. order is sufficient (exponential-function)
 - C St 
n t
I : (k R I B ) = I St2 1 - e τ R 
2
3. Equations cold
 
 
 - w St 
n t
warm 2
( )
II : (k R I B ) = I St2 − I B2 1 - e τ R  + I B2
 
 
4. Solutions: nC
kR  (1)
nC - n W
2
 ΙSt 
Note:  R  t St (nC - n W )   (2)
IB = IN,Motor  ΙB 
©
Siemens AG 2006
Temperature Characteristic during repeated starts

MAX
100% 400°
therm.
model
Threshold of restart inhibit
K
TA
K = temperature curve at rotor cage bar upper site limit

TA = thermal model
Krun Kstop
Minimum restart inhibit time tinhibit
start up recovery start up recovery start up
0% 40°
©
Siemens AG 2006
Thermal Memory at Different Start Conditions

nc = 3; nw = 2
Ist = 6 IN,M
Thermal limit of the rotor Tst =10 s
kR = 1,73
R = 355 s
Threshold of
Restart inhibit
(0,67)
Restart inhibit Actual rotor
is active temperature
Starting current
10 s 7,5 s 5s
©
Siemens AG 2006
Loss of Phase or Unsymmetrical Voltage
▪ Thermal stress of the rotor

▪ Overheating of the rotor due to negative
sequence current
▪ Reduction of motor life time
©
Siemens AG 2006
Loss of Phase (e.g. via Fuse Failure)

L1
L2 Network
L2
L3
L3
1L3
UL3
1L1
L2
Network voltage
2L3
UL1 1L2
L1 = 0
Motor voltage
2L1 L3
UL2
2L2
Characteristic is a negative sequence component in the current
Negative Sequence Protection

©
Siemens AG 2006
Unsymmetrical Voltage
UA
UA Positive
UC Sequence
UB
UA
UB Negative
UC UB UC Sequence
Due to the low negative sequence reactance a negative voltage

sequence leads to a high negative sequence current
1 % of U2 (5 - 6) % of I2
A thermal negative sequence model has advantages

©
Siemens AG 2006
Negative Sequence Current -Characteristic
Alarm (or trip with a long delay)
(Inverse curve considers the

rotor heating via I2 - thermal
model; I22 t = K)
Additional short-circuit
protection
©
Siemens AG 2006
Thermal Supervision of Bearings via RTD’s

Shaft vibration Water leakage Stator winding
temperature (PT100)
Bearing Hot air Cold air Bearing

temperature temperature temperature oil flow
(PT100) (PT100) (PT100)
©
Siemens AG 2006
Short Circuit Protection
▪ Primary Fuse
▪ Circuit breaker with integrated protection
▪  >, t - protection and  > = f(t) - protection

(classical overcurrent protection with different
characteristics)
▪ Differential protection
©
Siemens AG 2006
Overcurrent Protection must be co-ordinated with the
Start-up current
Instantaneous stage
Inrush peak Stage I>> (without delay)

Definite overcurrent time protection

stage I>, with a delay (e.q. 100 ms)
I>>
Overcurrent time protection

I> inverse time Ip
Ip 1,3IN,M
IStart = IStrt extremely inverse characteristic
Start-up current
IOperation = IM
TI> tStart = tStrt t
©
Siemens AG 2006
Basic Principle of Differential Protection
The advantage is fast tripping time during a short circuit

M
3~
This is realised
in numerical relays 7UT612
with algorithms 7UM62
M~ i
▪ Used at large
motors
(>(1- 2) MW)
▪ additional CT‘s at
i the star point are
necessary
©
Siemens AG 2006
Tripping Characteristic - Changing during Motor Start-up
With the detection of a motor starting, the pick-up characteristic becomes

insensitive (depends on the setting). In that way the negative influence of
the CT dc-offset can be reduced (The two Ct-sets can transform a dc
component different.)
I Diff Tripping Characteristic 7UT6 for Motor start
InO
1231
Idiff>> 7
Criterion: Start-up characteristic
Supervision of
6
restraint current Steady-state
45° Trip characteristic
IRest > I-Restr. Startup 5
(until 2 I/InO)
4
Increase
than the of pickup
Start-Factor (max. 2) 3
is active for the time:
2
T Start Max Block
(Duration of dynamical 1
increasing of pickup)
1221
Idiff> 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 I Rest
InO
©
Siemens AG 2006
Differential Protection without Star-point CT’s
Core balanced Normal CT’s

CT’s
Overcurrent stage
with a sensitive
setting can be used
©
Siemens AG 2006
Displacement Voltage detects Earth-Faults
UE ZE
UL1,E UL2,E
UL1,E UL2,E
UE
UE
UE
IE= 3
ZE
Displacement voltage and earth current becomes smaller
into the star point direction
©
Siemens AG 2006
Earth-Currents during an Earth Fault
M1
IM1
M2
IM2
If IM2 is small enough, the an earth current protection can be used for
detection of earth-faults; not a problem at low ohmic earthed networks
©
Siemens AG 2006
Directional Earth-Fault Protection for Selectivity

L1 L2 L3
Netz
L1
L2
L3
CE
IC + I R
Earthing
transformer 3U0
3i0 3u0 Ohmic current

boost
• DFT 3U0>, 3I0>
UL1 UL2
• Direction 3I0
(3U0, 3I0) IR
A protections range of 80% of the stator ICL2

winding is possible; an earthing equipment IC
on the busbar increases the earth current ICL1
©
Siemens AG 2006
Additional Protection Function (1)

▪ Undercurrent or Under-power Protection
▪ Protect pumps against overheating
▪ Additional used for signalling of an unloaded motor
▪ Under-voltage Protection
▪ Restart inhabit of a motor at low busbar voltage
▪ Trip of the motor in the case of a failure in the infeed
▪ Phase Sequence Supervision

▪ Detects a phase reversal and protects the connected equipment
▪ Underexcitation Protection
▪ Detects asynchronous conditions of a synchronous motor
(sometimes also called as “out of step protection”)
©
Siemens AG 2006
Additional Protection Function (2)
▪ Mechanical Jam Protection

▪ Detects mechanical problems before other functions are active
and protects the motor
▪ Realisation: Overcurrent protection with a pick-up = 2 IN,M and
time delay t =1 s;
a CFC logic blocks this function during start-up
▪ Backspin Protection
▪ Avoid mechanical stress through blocking of the closing
command in case of an reversal rotation of the pump including
motor
▪ Realisation: CFC logic with controls a timer, time delay depends
on the plant situation (deceleration time)
©
Siemens AG 2006
Example for Settings

I>>> = 6 IN
Motor-/Installation data: I>> = 5,5 IN
TI>> = 0,05s Short circuit
CT Phase INPRI/INSEK 100A/1A Ip = 1,1 IM = 0,82 IN and
Tp = 1,5s ground fault
CT Ground (60/1) IEE/IPH 0,6
Extr. Invers protection
IEESEK 1A
IEE>> = 0,37 IN
Voltage transformer 10kV/100V TIEE>> = 0,05s
IEE> = 0,02 IN
TIEE> = 1,5s
Rated current motor IM 74A Negative
I2 > = 10% sequence /
max. permissible TI2> = 15 s
unbalanced load 10 % unbalanced
I2>> = 65% load
perm. duration unbalanced load 15 s 7SJ602 TI2>> =1s protection
perm. therm. continuous current IMax 1,1 IM
k = IMax/IN = 0,82
thermal time constant th = 40min Overload
of stator th 40min k =5 protection
warn = 90%
Prolongation factor stand still k 5
Starting time
Start up current IStrt 5 IM IStrt> = 2,5 IM
supervision
max. start up time tStrt 4,3s M
~ tequal = 1min
nW
nC-nW = 1
=2
Restart
Undercurrent- IL< = 0,2 kStop = 5 inhibit
monitoring kRun =2
(e.g. loss of load for pumps or tIL< = 10s
conveyer) tinhib = 6min
©
Siemens AG 2006
©
Siemens AG 2006

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Motor Protection

Motor Protection in General

Motor Protection in Detail

Type of Faults Protection Functions ANSI-No.

Numerical Protection Devices

▪ External RTD box

▪ Motor starting time

k Q8 IEE2 ▪ Negative Seq. protection

▪ Breaker failure protection

▪ External RTD box

RS485 (private protocol)

Max. 2 RTD boxes = 12 RTD‘s

PT100; Ni 100; Ni 120

Field of operation of motor

Definite overcurrent time protection

Overcurrent time protection

High Flexibility in Control via CFC

With the integrated PLC (CFC), supervision of measurements,

Effective Plant Operation with Measurements from the Protection

All relevant measurements and demand

Flexible Communication Solutions

7UM622 7UM621 7SJ62 7SJ62 7SJ61 DIGSI 4

Thermal Overload Protection Functions

▪ Thermal Overheating of the Stator

▪ Thermal Overheating of the Rotor

▪ Thermal overheating of bearings

▪ Thermal overheating of plant on unloaded drives

Overload Impact (General)

Ppl = Relc Ppl: power loss (active power)

Temperature rise if Ploss > PConvection Overheating

Overload Protection (Stator)

Thermal overload with total memory (thermal model)

Faults during Motor Starting

Starting Current of an Asynchronous Motor

ih = quasi static starting current

Motor Starting Time Supervision

Threshold of motor start up

Test Lab Measurements of the Motor Starting

Locked Rotor or Stall Time < Acceleration Time

TOO Frequent Motor Starts

▪ Thermal stress of the rotor

1. Typical data of a motor

Temperature Characteristic during repeated starts

K = temperature curve at rotor cage bar upper site limit

Thermal Memory at Different Start Conditions

Loss of Phase or Unsymmetrical Voltage

▪ Thermal stress of the rotor

Loss of Phase (e.g. via Fuse Failure)

Characteristic is a negative sequence component in the current

Negative Sequence Protection

Due to the low negative sequence reactance a negative voltage

A thermal negative sequence model has advantages

Negative Sequence Current -Characteristic

Alarm (or trip with a long delay)

(Inverse curve considers the

Thermal Supervision of Bearings via RTD’s

Bearing Hot air Cold air Bearing

Short Circuit Protection

▪ Circuit breaker with integrated protection

▪  >, t - protection and  > = f(t) - protection

Definite overcurrent time protection

Overcurrent time protection

Basic Principle of Differential Protection

The advantage is fast tripping time during a short circuit