Agriculture
.;{: Very Short Answer Type Questions - - - - - - - - 1 1 marks each)
Q. 1. Write the temperature requirement of
Maize crop.
OR
Write the amount of annual rainfall re-
quired for the cultivation of Wheat.
[CBSE 00, Set 1, 2020]
Ans. 21-23 degree Celsius.
,,#: Short Answer Type Questions-II
Q. 1. Describe any three main features of
'Rabi crop season.'
OR
Describe any three main features of
'Kharif crop season.'
(CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019)
Ans. Features of Rabi crop season:
(i) It begins with the withdrawal of
monsoon in October. They are sown
in winters from October to Decem-
ber.
(ii) At the time of ripening, ii requires
bright sunshine and is harvested in
summer from April to June.
(iii) Crops depend on sub-soil moisture.
(iv) Requires less rainfall between 50-75
iJI Topper's Answers
lptlwtt.n
---- ="--"'-'~
OR
50-75 an
Q. 2. Fill the blank:
_ _ is the largest producer of raw
jute and jute goods and stands at second
place as an exporter after Bangladesh.
[CBSE Delhi, Set 2, 2020]
Ans. India.
- - - - - - - - - 1 3 marks each)
cm . Availability of precipitation dur-
ing winter months due to western
temperate cyclones help in success of
these crops.
OR
Features of Kharif crop season:
(i) It begins with the onset of monsoon
in May.
(ii) Crops are harvested in September-
October.
(iii) Requires more rainfall between
100-tlOcm
(iv) It requires loamy or alluvial soil.
Q. 2. Highlight any three differences between
primitive subsistence farming and
commercial farming. (CBSE, 2019)
p.,;,..;i,ur <ub(,sw,.,,.u _
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n o . . l W t o . L ~ ~ _,d.olU.
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Q. 3. What is the importance of pulses in our
economy? Why are pulses grown as a
rotation crop?
[CBSE, Term 1, 2015]
Ans. Protein is the main source of energy and
pulses are the main source of protein.
Pulses are the leguminous crops, they are
helpful to restore the fertility of the soil.
Leguminous crops have the feature of
nitrogen fixation naturally, it gets nitro-
gen from the atmosphere directly. So, it is
,f; Long Answer Type Questions - - - - - - - - - - 1 5 marks eachl
Q. 1. Why is agriculture called the backbone
of India n economy? Explain.
[CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
Ans. Agriculture is called the backbone of
Indian economy because 70% of Indian
population are engaged in agriculture
and raw material for the Industrial sectors
like food processing company, textile
industry comes from the agricultural
sector. Its share in the GDP is also high.
Agriculture sectors serves as the source
of raw material fo r non-agricultural
sectors. Not just in India, but all around
the world. Agricultural and industrial
sectors always go hand in hand not as
alternatives.
Q. 2. Describe any five features of primitive
subsistence farming.
[CBSE Delhi, Set 3, 2020]
Ans. The features of primitive subsistence
farming are given below:
(i) It is practiced on small patches of
land with the help of primitive tools
·
helpful in maintaining the quality of the
soil.
Pulses are grown rotationally with
other crops. They need less water and can
survive in dry conditions. As we know
that India is the largest producer of the
pulses in the world so, it helps in the
development of economy of the country.
In the Rabi season Arhar, Urad and
Moong and in the Kharif season Masur,
Peas and Grams are grown -
hkc hoe, dao and d1ggmg sticks with
the help of fami ly members
(ii) Itdepends upon monsoons, natural
ferti lity of soil and environmental
suitability.
(iii) It is also called 'slash and bum' agri•
culture.
(iv) Farmers clear a patch of land and
produce crops for their sustenance.
(v) When the soil fertility decreases,
farmers shift to new area, clear forest
by burning and again sow crops.
Q. 3. Name the two major beverage crops
grown in India. Describe their growing
areas. [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019)
Ans. Tea and Coffee are the two most impor•
lant beverage crops of India.
Assam is a major lea producing stale in
India along with West Bengal, Kerala and
Tami l Nadu . The cropping season in As-
sam begins as early as March and extends
almost to mid-December. Besides, the
popular black tea, Assam also produces
small quantities of white and green tea.
 This slate has favourable conditions for
the growth of tea.
The tea plant grows well in tropical and
sub-tropical climates. It requires deep and
fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus
and organic matter. Tea bushes require
moist, frost-free and warm climate all
through the year with abundant skilled
labour. Frequent evenly distributed
showers over the year ensure continuous
growth of tender tea leaves.
The following are the conditions
required for tea cultivation:
Temperature- 10-30 degrees Celsius
Rainfall- average yearly rainfall of
ZOO an
Altitude- ground level of between
600-2000 meters above sea level.
Coffee is a tropical plant which is also
grown in semi-tropical climate. Coffee
tree requires heat, humidity and abundant
rainfall. Kamataka, the largest coffee
producing state along with Kerala and
Tamil Nadu has favourable conditions
necessary for coffee cultivation.
The temperature of the place is 23°C to
28°C. Growth is most rapid during hot,
rainy season and during cool, dry season,
berries ripen and get ready for picking.
Bright sunshine and warm weather arc
necessary for the harvesting.
It needs rainfall between 60-85 cm.
Water stagnation is ve ry harmful for
coffee plants; therefore, hill slopes are
best suitable for growing it.
Soil is the guiding factor in coffee
plantation. The ideal soil is one with a
good sub-surface drainage, and one that
is easily workable. The presence of humus
and other nitrogenous matter in the soil is
an advantage.
Q. 4. Name the two most important cereal
crops grown in India. Describe the
conditions required to grow these two
crops. [CBSE OD, Set 3, 2019I
Ans. Rice and wheat are the two most
important cereal crops grown in India.
Rice is the staple food crop of most
people in India especially in coastal
regions.
The geographical condition required
for growth of rice are as follow:
(i) It is a kharif crop and requires hot and
humid climate for cultivation. Tem-
perature above 25°C and high humid-
ity with annual rainfall above 100 cm
is favourable for growth of rice.
(ii) Rich alluvial soils of the flood plains,
river basins and deltaic areas which
are renewed every yea r are ideal for
rice cultivation.
(iii) Rice requires abundant rainfall or
good water supply through irriga-
tion and flooded fields during the
earlier part of its growing season in
June-July. Ankle deep water in the
field helps the crops grow.
(iv) Plenty of cheap labour is required as
most of the farming involves manual
labour.
Wheat is the main food crop for the
people residing in the North and
North-western part of the country.
The geographical conditions favour-
able for growth of wheat are as follows:
(i) Wheat is a rabi crop and requires a
cool growing season. Average tem-
perature should be between 10°C to
S°C at the time of sowing, but higher
temperatures and bright sunshine is
required at the time of harvesting for
proper ripening of arrains.
(ii) Wheat requires moderate rainfall
of 50 cm to 75 cm annually, evenly
distributed over the growing season.
A little winter rain before ripening
helps in increasing the yield .
(iii) Deep alluvial clayey soils of North•
em Plains and black soil of Deccan
are suitable for growing wheat.
There arc two important wheat-
growing zones in the country : the
Ganga-Sutlej plains in the North-
west and the black soil region of
the Deccan. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and parts
of Madhya Pradesh are the major
wheat-growing states.
Q. 5. "The Government of In dia has introduced various institutional and technological refo rms
to improve agriculture in the 1980s an d 1990s." Support this statement with examples.
(CBSE, 2018)

ffll Topper's Answers

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Ans. The Government of India has introduced
various institutional and technological
reforms under comprehensive La nd
Development Programme to improve
agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s.
Land Development Programme:
(i) Provision for crop insu rance against
d rought, flood, cyclone, fire and
disease.
(ii) Establishment of Grameen (regional
rural) banks, cooperative societies and
banks for providing loan facilities to
the farmers at lower rates of interest.
Other Reforms:
Q. 6. Compa re
Apart from land development
programme, government has initiated
many other benefit schemes for the
farme rs.
(i) Kisan Credit Card (KCC): Scheme for
giving easy and cheap loans to small
farmers. Personal Accident Insurance
Scheme (PAIS) for Kisan Credit Ca rd
(KCC) holders.
(ii) Special weather bulletins and ag-
ricultural programmes for farmers
were introduced through radio and
television channels.
(iii) Government also announced Mini-
mum Support Price (MSP) for vari-
ous agricultural products like cereals,
pulses and others (to check the ex-
p loitation of farmers by middlemen).
'intensive s ubsistence
farming' with that of 'commercial
farming' practiced in India.
(C BSE, 2018)
 Ans.
Intensive Subsistence Farming
(i) In this type of farming, crops produced by
the farmers are mainly consumed by their
families. Surplus production is sold in the
nearby local markets.
(ii) In this kind of farming, more than one crop
is cultivated in the agricu ltural field.
(iii) It is labour intensive farming.
(iv) It depends on monsoon.
(v) It is practiced in small area. Major crops
are: Food grains, fru its and vegetables.
Q. 7. "The declining share of agriculture in
the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is
a matter of serious concern in India."
Support the statement with any five
reasons. [CBSE, Term 1, 20161
t
Ans. The declining share of agriculture in
the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a
matter of serious concern in India.
Five reasons to support this statement
areas follows:
(i) Indian farmers are facing challenge
from international competition.
Commercial Farming
The farming practice, in which the farmers
grow crops for the purpose of trade, it is called
commercial farming.
In this type of farming generally, one crop is
cultivated.
Farming is mechanised and is prevalent
in areas where farms arc large and market
economy is well developed.
It uses modem irrigation methods.
It is practiced in large area. Major crops are:
cash crops and cereals.
(ii) Government is reducing investment
in agricu ltural sectors, especially the
irrigation sector.
(iii) Subsidy on fertilizers has decreased,
leading to a rise in cost of production.
(iv) Reduction of import duties on
agricultural products.
(v) Farmers are withdrawing their
investments from agricu \tu re causing
a downfall in the employment in
agriculture.
 CHAPTER 2.4

Agriculture

Tl1e G1111g11-S11t. luj pla ins in the nurt h-wcst imd black
ONE MARK QUESTIONS soil region of the Decc11n.
12. In whicl1 ~ystcm of agriculture, a si ngle crop is grown
1 Name th e cropi, for which lndi n il' thfl largest. prod11CT'r
uu u ]urge ure11? [CBSE 2016]
in lhe world.
Ans :
Ans : [CBSE201l l
Frnit.~ and ,·egct11hles, oil.,;ccds and pul.o;es Plnutatiou agriculture.

1 By which uamc is spcdnlizcd c: ultimtion of rrnits rmd 13. i\'.amu somti pl11nt atio11 crops. [CBSE 20lUI
n .-gcta hk-s kuowu? A 11J:1 :
Ans : [CBSES. P. 2016-17) Ten, coffoe. ruhher. s11g11 rc11 11c an d bn11aru1.
Horticulture.
3. Describe '.l lu1111111i11g culti vat ion· in one scntcUt'().
Ans ; (CBSES.P.2018-17)
·Slash a nd burn' culti\'ation in Nort h- Eastern suue:.
or lndin.
l Which is the lcudiug oofft.~ prodm:cr state iu ludia?
Ans ; [C BSES.R20115- IT]
Karnataka.
5. By which other name is ·slash a nd bu rn ' agricnlrnrc
kuuw11? jCBSE 2014]
Ans , 14. Which type of farming
Primitive s ubiistcncc form ing/j humming farming?
(Anyooo) Ans:
I. In which country the 'slash and burn' agriculture is Labour intensive farming.
known as ' Roca ' ? [CBSE 2012]
15. Which two areas of India prodnce orangei, mainly?
Ans:
Ans: (CBSE2015I
Brazil. Nagpur in M11harashtr11 1111d l\ludhyu P rudetih.
1. Hoc. dao, digging sticks are associated with whi ch 16. \ Vhi ch country is t he lin;t lnrgt'tit producer of rice?
ty pe of farming? (CBSE 20 12]
Ans; [CBSE201T)
Ans :
C hiua.
Primitive s ubsistence formiug.
U. lu{fol i.':I tl1e lt1rgt'tit producer l\.':I we ll us t'Q nsumer uf
l \\' hich crop is grown with the onset monsoons 11nd 11re whi ch 11gricult.ural prod uct in t.he world?
ha rn~tcd in the rn ont h of Septe m her and October? An:, : (COSE 2014]
Ans: ICIISE 2000) Pulses
Kh11rif.
ll Which crop is uR-<l OOt,h a8 food un<l fodder?
l Whi ch crop i.~ t he major crop of rahi"! [Cl3SE 20 14] Ans: [CBS E 2015)
Ans : ~laize.
Wheat 19. Which crop is known as golde n fibre'!
11. Nam cso111urnh i crop,;. [CBSE 2015] Ans: [CBSE2015)
Ans : Ju te.
Wheat , barley, peas, gram and mustard. 21. Which state is t he largest producer of ragi'r
fl. Name t he two ituportant wheat growing zones in Ans: ICDSE 201 8)
India. K11rn11t11kn.
Ans: ICBSE2015]
2t Ju whidi type of soil does maize grow well'!
Ans : {C8SE2011]
Old alluvial.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
22. "Dense and efficient network of transport is a pre-
requisite for l=al and uatioual devclopweut"·. Analy:sc
t he statement.
ICBSE2018]
a. The pl'll.-c of development of cou ntry depends
upon the product ion of goods and services 11s well
as their movement over space. Therefore efficient
means of trans()Ort are pre-reqnisite for national
de\"elopment.
b. Today, the world has hoe11 oom·er tcd into I\ large
\'illnge wich the help of efficient and fast moving
trausport system.
c. T he trad e;; from local to i11ternatio1ml levels have
u<lded to the dtnlity of our L'o:;o nomy witl1 tl1c
help of dense and efficient network of t.ran s()Orf.
in the co uutry. ll !ms curichL'< I our life 1md addL'tl
suli;;tantiall.r to growing ,u11c11ities 11.ll(l facililies
for the comforts of life.
23. \Vh icl1 arc the two 111ui11 cropping ,;c!l.'SIJns in lndi n"!
r.Iention their growing 1111d harvesting periods.
t
Ans : ICBSE2015)
The two m11i11 cropping se11SOIIS urc Rabi und Kl111rif:
a. lli1hi cropi; are sown in winter from October t.o
December and lmn= tL-d in summer from April
to Juue.
b. Kharif crops are sown with the onset of monsoon
in different parts of the country and harw,ncd iu
September-October.
24. \Vlmt a re the growing conditions rcquirL-d for the main
sta ple food crop of India? :\lention the main growing
regions. [CBSE 2014]
Aus :
Growing L"(mditions fL'(1uiwd for rice:
11.Hi gh tcmpe rnturc (above 25"C). It is a Kharif
crop.
h. High humidity with imuuu.l miufoll above 100 cm.
~lain growing n.sgion.~: Northern plains,
northeastern ludia. Coastal areas, dcltaic p lains nnd
river rnlleys.
25. Describe the institutional and technical changes
int rod uced in the field of agriculture in India in the
recent ycan;. [CBSE 2014]
o,
\Vh at were tl1e tttt.rih ut ~•~ of 1he comprehensi\-c land
development progranune initiated in India in the
decade 1980 and 1990. (CBSE20 15]
Oo:;cribc any three t echnological and institutiouul
reforms miu!ti in the field of agricul ture in India.
A u..s : ICBSE201r;J
a. Land reforms: L-O llect.ivizntion, consolidation of
holdings, cooperation and a holit.ion of ;mmimlari.
b. Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White
re\-o!ut ion.
c. Land development prognumm.-s : Prol'isiou for
cro p in su rrmce agni nst drought, nood , cyclone
etc., cst11blisl1111e11t of GrnmL'CII bunks. Coopcruti1·c
socictia, and hanks for providing loans.
<l. Issui ng of Kis.-;{ln Credit Card and Pcrl:l()llal
Accident lnsuranceScheme,etc.
Special weather bulletin:; and agricultural
programm e:, for farmers on radio and TV.
H. Explain any two geograp hi cal conditions required for
the c11hiv,1tiou of pulse,;. Name nuy two importnut
pnLo;es prod nci ng stat,~. [C BSE2013]
o,
\V hy the pulses urc most ly !(town in rot11tion with
ot her cro1i;;·t Name nny two mnjor pu lse prod11ciug
st ntes?
Aus : [C BSE201t]
P11lscs arc mostly grown in rotation with other crops
ht.'Cuusc:
Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry
co nditions.
h. Bei ng legumi nous cropi; , all these crops
r. lajor pulse producing states arc Madhyn
Prn(ksh uud Uttur Pradesh.
21. Give an acco unt of oilseeds in India. State the
im portance of groundnut, and name the slates where
it is grown. [CBSE 2013]
D,:;i;cribc the uses of oil.s<..""L-ds? Wliich state is th4•
largr.st producer of groundnu t'!
Ans : ICBSE201
l111portu11cc:
a. A re edihlc and used as cooking med ium
h. Ust'tl ns rnw material in production of soap .
co,;mutic:1andoi 11t.meut..
c. lndia-lnrgL-.;l producer.
Grouudnlll:
Khari fc rop.
Li. Accounts half of the torn] oiL'!(."L'<l production.
c. State: Andhra Pradesh. Tam il NM n . Kt1rnntaka,
Gujarat und Malmrnshtru.
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS
21. ~T he Go\-ernment of India has im rodnced variotL~
institutio11ul tmd tL-clmological re forms to impro\"e
ngricu lture in t hu 1980s nml 1990s" . Snpport t his
st ate111eut with cxnmplcs. [CDSE 2018]
Compare intensive subsistence forming with that of
connnercial farming pract it."(.'<I iu ludin.
A11s : ICBSE2018)
In the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive lnnd
development programme wa.s iuitiatt..'< I, which
included hotl1 institutional and technical reforms.
b. Pro\·~ ion for crop insunrn<..-c against drought ,
nood , cyclone. fire and <lisca.--.e establ ishment of
Gramccn bank,; for providing loau fodlitk':1 to
the farmers at lower rates of interest. 111~rt: llt)ll\U
importat1t steps in this direction.
KiSS11.n Credit Card (KCC) . pcr;;onal accidcut
 insurance sc heme are some other schemes c. R11gi-grovi11 well in dry region 011 red . hlac k. Slllld_\'
iutro<lucc<l by the government of lu<lia for the un<l lo1.1my soils.
benefit of the farmers . Stult.'ll produdng-Tnmil Nu<l u, Himu.d111I Prmk>sl1.
d. Special weather bulletins and agricultural Uttnrn khan<l and Sik kim
prograuunes for farmers were imrodure<l un th e
radio and tclc\"ision. 31. Which crop is known IL'- 1hc ·golden fihr<?"! Expla..iu
e. The go\·erm nent also /IIIII Ol\11(.-0, mi11imu111 suppo rt Kll}' t\\-O geograph ical coudi t ions Psseut inl for the

price, remnnerntivc an<l procuremen t. prices for cultivation of t his crop. ~lentio11 its any four uses.
important croµ,s tu cli'--ck t ile cxploitutiun of [CBSE S.R 20 16- 17)
fann crs hy s1-.ccul ators an<l middlemen. Ans :
.l ute is called t he gulden fi hre.
lntcnsi\"C S ubsistence Comm ercial Farming b. Googra1lhical conditions:
Farming c. Grows well in drniued ferti le soil of the flood
plains where the soil is renewed every year.
I. This type of farming: In this type of farming
d. High temperature is rl"(Jttired <luriug the time of
is prnc tis1.:,J ill urcw; single crop is grow n on
growth.
of high population a large area.
Useti: Con be w;c,:I lo 11u111ufact11re gunny b11g:;, 111at.s,
pn.'>ISure 011 lnnd. ropes , yam. carpets ani l 01 hcr artefact s.
2 It is labour-int.ensin: Themain characteristic
forming. where high of this type of farmiag
<loi;e1 of hiochemical is the use of higher
input li 11ml irrigntion d= of
are used for oh01i11ing modern inputs e.g.
higher prod uclio11 HYV seeds, chc1nica!
fertilisers. insecticides
and pesticides in
order to ubt aiu lligh!cr
product ivity.
3. Thougli the •right of In com mercial farming
inherit anoo leading to plan ta tion has an
the di\·i.,; iou of laud interfan: of ugricu!ture 3t Name any four ~il:;t.'t..'(ls produc(.'(I in Iudia. E.xp laiu t h- •
a mong successive and industry. h covers importance of o!lso.•eds in 0 11.r day-to-day life.
generation has large tractis of hmd Ans : (CBSE S.R 20111- 1
rcudcro:I land-holding using ca pital i11tcn~i n i (i) Groumhmt (ii ) t-.l ust ard
si1.c. U11cco110111ical t he i11put.s, with the help of (iii) Cocormf. (i\') Scs.i!mun
formers cont inue to mi gra nt lnhourers. (\·) Soyubc1111. ~unflowcr: etc.
Ink<? maximum ou tput Im portance of oilseeds:
from thd limitt,,J laud l\ ltl!lt of th,:.sc nrc edible in the form of oil. Usc..'(I as raw
iu the absence of material for manu facturin g 1miuts, v11.rn i.~hes. soaps.
11.ltenmti\'C oourcc of ]>e rfumC!! etc. oil cake is w;c,:I as cuttle focd . Oil cake
li\'elihoo<l. isalsouSt.'<la.safcrtiliser.
4. In thi.,; type of farmiug Croµti are muiuly 32. i\fomion any two geogr11ph ical conditioJL~ required for
crops are grown for grown for t.he market the growth of maize crop iu ludia. Describe any thrL'C
fnmi l_y cons umption. ur used in indu.slry 11.\1 fact.o rs which ha\'C cont.rihuted to incrca.sc in rn 11.izc
r11w materiul. production.
5. Rice, wheat , mniie, Ten, coffoc , sugarcane, Ans : ICBSE2016]
are mainly grown with r ubber, banana etc. are Goographical c:ondit.ions required for the growth of
the help of tradit ional grown wit h the help of maize crop in lmlin:
tools. modern inputs. It is II kharif crop whieh re(Juin.."> tem perature
29. What arc millet s'! Gi\·c brief dl'SCription of the clhnnt.i c bctWl'CII 2 1°c to 27"C.
t-ouditiom; and prod ucing ~tatl>s of the millet s grown b. It gro\\'S \\'ell in nl!uvial .soil.
in India. [CDSE S. ll 20 16- 17] Ui<Cofmodern inpntssnch as HY Y ... fertilisers
Ans: anJ irrigutiou have contribuh:d to the increasiug
,\ lill<?ts arc coarse grains h11t hm-e high 11111.ritional product ion of maize.
v11lue e.g., ragi-rich in irou, !citlciUlll. 33. Ex pli1 i11 any three goograpl1ical conditions required for
.lo\\m-Rain fed crop;, mostly grown in moist area. t he growth of rice in lmliu, Ho\\' is it po,,.si blc to grow
States pro<luci ug-Haharashtra, Kl1nmt11kn u.nd rice in areas of les.<i rainfall'! Explain with examples.
M P. A mi : ICBSE2015]
b. Dajra-grown well on sandy w ils 1111d shallow black Three googra ph ic11l conditions for t he growt Ii of rice:
soil. States producing- Raj ast.!111.n. t-. la luuashtrn , a It requirffi hi gh t em perature, (abm'C 25°C) .
Gujarat. Haryn na and UP. b. Annual rniufoll above 100 cm .
 c. High humid ity 7 The gonirnmcnt provides HYV seeds and
It is possible to grow rice in areas of ]cs,; rainfall ferti lisers.
8. Government provides technica l a..-..;istancc and
wit h the help of irrigation in Punjah an<l Haryana.
training for farmel"li.
34. \Vhy has t he agriculmrc sector in India got a major 9. Soil te.ting facililie,;, cold storage and
setback iu spite of increase iu the GDP growt h rate? tnmsportation fociliticis tlrc provided by
[CBSE 20 15] government forfarnmfl<.
A IL~:
31. Define plantation 11gricnltnrc. Explnin llllY four
!\lore an<l more lan<l is used. for construction of dmructeristks of pl11utation agriculture.
factories, warchom;c,; aud shelters whieh w<luce<l Ans: [CBSE20ll]
the land under cultivation. Plantat ion Agricohure: It is II type of commercial
b. Soil gets degraded by 1hc use of pesticides. furmiug pructi.S\.-<l in truµicu.l uuJ suh-truµirn l regio~
fertili1.cr.;, O\-er irrigation, etc.. which leads to
It was introduced by tho Bril ish in India.
water logging and i;alinity. Clmrnctcristiu;;
Tod ay Ind ian farmers are faciug a big challcuge a. A single crop is grown m~r large area.
from international competition .
b. h is capital intensive and doue with migrant
d. Our gO\"CflllllCIU is ll..'(!Ucing the public iuwl!tment
labour.
in agriculture. subsidy on fertili1.er~ have c. All produce is 1L'iCd. as raw material in in<lustrie,;
dt..-crerus<.><l. such a..,; tea. coffee, r ubber, sugarcane. bummn,
e. Heduct.ion in imporl duties on agricnltnrnl
products ha\·e pro\·cd detrimental to agriculture J. Pluntation ha:; iutcrfocc of agriculture und
inthe1..-01mtr;',". ind11srry hot h .
35. \Vlult llre 1he climatic conditions requir{'{[ for the 31. "Wheat and rice farming in India nrr, fair ly different
growth of rice? [CBSE 2014j from each other~. Support the stntemeut wit h fa·e
A11.s: suitable examples. (CBSE 2012]
Climatic condit iom; rcq uir{'{I for the growth of rice: o,
a . It is a Kharif crop whkh req11ire:. high hm1pera111re Wheat and rice farming in lndill are fairly different

t
(aho\·e25°C). from each other. Expliliu.
b. High humidity with annual rni nfall 11bove 100 cm. Ans;
c. Jnt hearcasof lc:ssrninfall.itgrowswiththe help
Brnsis of Wcat Rice
of irrigat iou.
d. It is grown in t he plains of nort h an d north-easten d ifference
India, coastal arctlll and tl1c deltaic regions. 1. Hninfnll 50-75 cm Alxwe 100 cm
e. Develop ment of dense network of Cflnal irrigation
2. Temperature 15" cm Aho\·c25"c m
anJ t ubcwells hu\"c m1\U.e it p(.l!;.Sible to grow rice iu
areas or less rai nfall such as P1 mjRh and Haryam\. 3. Arca wise North and
Dist ribution Nort h-west nml nort h-west
36. Suggest any fh~ mca,;nrc,, to enhance t he agriculCural part of the count ry
production in India. [CBSE 201 4)
4. Ty pe or Rubi Kharif
Explain any fa·c inst itutional and tL-clmical reforms Crop
brought by the gonmrnienl to improve the co111lit io11 5. ;\I a j o r P1111jah Wcst Bcngul
of Indian Agricultnre. [CBSE 2012,2011.2010] Prod ncer

Describe any fi\"C steps tllkeu by the gcwcrnme11t of 39. Dist ingnish betw1JCn primitive suh!-;i:.tencc forming
Indi a to incrc,~ tl1e productivity of agriculture iu and commercial farm ing by :.tat ing fin: points of
India. distinct ion.
Aus : [CBS E2012)
Ans: ICBSE 201 2)
I. Land reforms: Collectivisation, cu11.SOlid11lion of Suhsistcnccfam1ing Commercial fanning
hold ings. cooperation and aholition of wmindari.
I. It is practist.'(I 011 small It is practi.S\.'(I 011 a
2. Agricultuml reforms: GrL-cn rcvulutiou aud \\' hitc
pa tches. large sca le.
renilution.
3. Llmd development p rognunmes: P ro\'isiou fo r 2. Far ming depends 011 l rriga tiou fncilities
crop insurance agai nst drouii,ht. flood. cydmw, Irrigation arc avai11tble.
etc, L'Sta hlishment ofCrnruceu bauks. Cooperative 3. P rimi tive tools are used Modcru techuology
socictit"S 1111d bauk.s for providing loans. istL-;e(i.
4. Iss uing of Ki.s.~ar1 Credit Card and Personal
ALt ide111 lnsuraucc Scl1e111e, etc. <I. Product ion is low. Production is high.
5. S1>ccial weat her bulletins and agricnltnral 5. No cootly fertilisefll are Chemical fert.iliser.;
programmes for fornters 011 radio uud TV. \L'il.>J. !lrC\lliL>J.
6. Qo\"Cfllmcnl ann0llllCel l\·linimum Support Price
6. Family memhet'l< provide Labouret'l< a re hired.
(MSP ) and rcmuncrntivc and procure111c11t prices
labour.
to check exploitatiou.
 Subi.istencc farming Commercial farmiug 41. \Vhich arc the ty,u major cotton producing states of
North l11di11 ? Describe four geogrnphical conditions
7. Only cereals and other Commercial crops fl..'<.JUirL-<l for the growth of L'Oltou. ICBSE 20121
food crof)6 arc grow n arc grow n
U. Dc:;crilJ.c any four gcogrnµhical t'Ou<litious rt'quirt-<l Dci-icribc the geographical conditious required for 1he
for the growth of tea. J\lcntion 1hc Cwo major t c11 cuhiv11tio11 of cotton.
producing stale,; of South lndi /1. ICBSE 20 12] Ans : {CBSE 2011]
ll nrynna and Uttar Pradesh arc the two major cotton
'"
Name t he important bcv1Jrugc crop i111r0<.h1cL-,: I by the producing ijlntcs of Nort h India
British in India. Explain the gt'Ogrnphical t·t.rnclitio11s Geographical conditions required for the cultivat ion
nccrlcrl for its cultimtion. Write any two imponnnt of cotton;
states where it is growu. a. It grows well in drier parts oft he black cottou soil
of the Deccan plateau.
Ju which agriculturul production, lm.li11 is t he len<liug b. It requires high tempernturc.
producer H.'! wdl 11.. exporter in world? DC!lcribc c. It requires light rainfall or irrig1Hion.
the geographical n.-,:p1iremcut,s for its growth and <l. It requires 21 fro,;l frt>t: Juys imd bright ,;unshinc
dcwdopmc11t. [CBSE 2012] forit;;growth.
o,
Q. Ex plain Huhht'.'r cultivat.ion in India under the
\Vhut iu-c the >,0il typt.? . dinmtic t"<m<litions and rainfall
conditions required for t.he cultivation of tea? Write following l1cuds:
two stalL'S of l ndiu where tcu grows. a. lmport11.n cc
b. Gt'Ogmphical co11ditio11s
An!! : ICBSE 201l]
t;. Prod11cingst11.tt-s.
Tea: Grov,-:,; well in tropical and sub-.t ropical
Aus ; [CBSE2011,12)
dimntl'S.
Importance: Many industries depend 111,011 rubber
b. Soil type: Dt.-,::p and fertile, wcll-<lraiued soil, rich
in 1111mm; nncl orgnnic matters their raw 111aterial t.-spccially trausJ)(}fl industry.
11..

c. Climntc: \ Vann nud moist, frost-fn.'C climnte b. Geograph ical conditions:

(i) It is au t'qUntori11J crop, but under special
1
E:2~~;;~~0;~~:::w::,:1
t
throughout 1he year.
d . Ruinfoll: Frt'queut showen; throughout the ycur.
e. Two ,-;tatC!l: Assam , West Bengal. Kerala. Tamil
(ii) :ii:~o:::~::d;~ i ~ - :
Nndu. llimn.clml Pradesh, UttMnklmnd. Amlhru
Pradt.><;h. i\leghalaya and Tripura.
rniufall or more thnn 200 cm aud tempcrat ur
Ubo\'e 25°C.
llnbhcr prodncing states arc Kcrnla. Tamil Nn<li
Kamntuku. Amla11111.11 11.11d Nicobar lslumls nn<
Garo hills of Meglu1.l11.ya.
U. Explain any four features of pri111iti\'e snb,;istencc
11griculture in India.
Au:; : [CBSE20 ll)
Features of primitive subsistence agriculture in India

a. lt is practised on smllll pat.ches of land with the

'1. Dct.cribe rour geographical conditions required for
the growth of sugarcnm:. N11111c 1.wo major sugnn;11uc
producing states of Nort h India. [CBSE 2012]
\\/ hat geographical conditions arc rcquircrl for t.he
culth-ntion of s ug/lrcanc'/ Nmue two largci;t produciug
stah~ofsugarcanc.
A ns ; ICBSE 2011,2010]
Googrnphical conditions required for the growth of
sugarcane in India:
a. It is a tropical a;; well as sul,-tropicnl crop
so it re,:1uircs n hot nud humid di mnte with 11
temperature of 24°C to 27°C.
b It rt.'quires 1111 mmuul rainfall bctWL>t:n 75 to 100
cm.
c. It can be gro11·n 011 11 variety of soili;.
d. l\lajor sngn rnmc producing !:> fa tes of North
c. India nrc : Uttnr Pradci;h. Bilmr, Punjab and
Haryana.
help of primitive tools.
h. Tools which are ui-t.-,:I arc bn.~ically 1ra,1ition11.I
tools such as hoc, dao and digging st ick.
c. This type of agriculture totally depends upo n
d. \Vhcu the >,0i] fertility <lecrcascs, the formers ~hift
to another plot or land
"5 . \Vhat is intcusivc subsistence forming"! Write three
feature! or
iu w nsi\·e farming. [CBSE 20111
l utcusive subsistence farming is practised iu nrel\S
of high population prcss11re on land. 111 this type of
farming. the agricultural pr0<.luction is iucrcn."Ksl by
using high dose; of biochemical inputs a nd better
ugricultural iuputs.
Features of intensive farming:
High yielding mricty (HYV) seeds uud modem
chemical inputs 11.ml irrig11.tio11 are m;ed to increH.'ie
the product ion
b. The per ht-cture y ield is l"cry hi.11,:h.
 c. :\ lore than one crop is cultin\ted during 11. year.
Q. Compare the gl•ographical conditions required for the
production or cotton and jute. !C BSE 2012]
Ans :

Collon .Jute
L Cotton requires Jute rC(Jllircs 30°.
more th11n 21 °C of temperature.
temperat ure
2. Rainfall: 50-100 cm Ruiurall: Near about
l f,O cm.
3. Fru;t free days iu-c Hot 11ud humid climt1lc
11111st during Picking is requin:d.
days
4. Loamy and black soil is Well-drained fertile
fC(lllirc.1 . loamy soil is fC(JUircd.
5. :\lninly grown in Grown in ea:,;tern state,
:\ laharashtra >111d of t he country.
Gujarat.
fl. Why is agricultnre c,Alled the mainstay or Indian
economy?

What is the importance of agricnlture in Indian

l'COIIOIII)" ?

Ans : (C BSE201S]

t
Agriculture i.~ the mainstay of Indian ()C()nomy
lx.'Causc about 67% of our populntiou dcpcuds
d ifl'ctly or imlim::,ly on ,igriculture.
b. It provides raw materials to the imlustries.
l11di11 eurn;i foreign exchange by exporting
agricultural products.
d. It l"Outributcs about 29% to the gru;s domestic
product.
e. It provides rood to owr 1250 million population.
U. \ V]iy has Indian agriculture sturkd u dl'Cline i11 tlu.1
trend of food production"! How cnn we overcome this
problem?
[C BSE2011]
Ans :
Indian agricult.nrc started a docline in the trend of
food pnxluctiou lx'Cnu.sc:
u. :\ lore 11.m\ more bmd is used for coustrnct ion of
foc toriCti, warehouses and shclten; luwc reduced
the land under cultivation.
h. Soil gets degraded by t he use of pesticides,
fcrtilizcns. over-irrigutiou, etc. which !cuds to
water logging and AAlinity.
RemC(lial Mca,mreti:
a. Use of agricuhurul tedmiqnes which are
endro11111e11tally ,ntstainable.
b. Use or biotl-clmolog.r in modifying diffcrcut crops
and increase the yield per hoctare. It reduces
dcpc11dcncc on insecticides aud ulHO rl'(tUire le:;s