Състояния на процес:

Фиг. Йерархия за създаване на процеси

 Фиг. . Таблица на
процесите и блокове
за управление на
процеса

Difference between Process and Thread:

S.NO Process Thread

1. Process means any program is in Thread means segment of a process.

 S.NO Process Thread

execution.

2. Process takes more time to terminate. Thread takes less time to terminate.

3. It takes more time for creation. It takes less time for creation.

4. It also takes more time for context It takes less time for context switching.
switching.

5. Process is less efficient in term of Thread is more efficient in term of communication.

communication.

6. Multi programming holds the We don’t need multi programs in action for multiple threads
concepts of multi process. because a single process consists of multiple threads.

7. Process is isolated. Threads share memory.

8. Process is called heavy weight A Thread is lightweight as each thread in a process shares
process. code, data and resources.

9. Process switching uses interface in Thread switching does not require to call a operating system
operating system. and cause an interrupt to the kernel.

If one process is blocked then it will Second thread in the same task could not run, while one
not effect the execution of other server thread is blocked.
10. process

11. Process has its own Process Control Thread has Parents’ PCB, its own Thread Control Block and
Block, Stack and Address Space. Stack and common Address space.

If one process is blocked, then no While one thread is blocked and waiting, a second thread in
other process can execute until the the same task can run.
12. first process is unblocked.

Changes to the parent process does Since all threads of the same process share address space
not affect child processes. and other resources so any changes to the main thread may
13. affect the behavior of the other threads of the process.
 Модели за управление на паметта

Фактори Дялове с Дялове с

Виртуална
фиксиран променлив Суопинг
памет
размер размер

Оперативна
Оперативна Оперативна Оперативна
памет
памет памет памет
- Съотношение между
=
оперативна памет и = = <
адресно пространство Адресно
Адресно Адресно Адресно
пространств
пространство пространство пространство
о

- Йерархия на паметта Еднозвенна Еднозвенна Двузвенна Двузвенна

- Разпределение на
Статично Динамично Статично Динамично
оперативната памет

- Стратегия за
разпределение на Свързано Свързано Свързано Несвързано
програмата

- Задължително зареждане Цяла Цяла Цяла Част от

преди изпълнение на: програма програма програма програма