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NANCY FRASER
RAHEL JAEGGI
• •
KAPiTALiZM
E L EŞTİ RE L K U RAM Ç E R Ç EVE S İ N D E B İ R S Ö Y L EŞ İ
(,. • l
• K 1 f-\K
KAPİTALİZM
Eleştirel Kuram Çerçevesinde Bir Söyleşi
•
ISBN: 978-625-7653-84-8
Sertifika No: 48850
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• •
KAPiTALiZM
Eleştirel Kuram Çerçevesinde Bir Söyleşi
Nancy Fraser ve Rahel Jaeggi
Yayına Hazırlayan: Brian Milstein
Nika Yayınevi
NANCY FRASER, New School for Social Research'te siyaset bili
mi profesörü. Çalışmalarını eleştirel kuram, feminizm ve özellikle
son yıllarda eleştirel ekoloji tartışmaları çerçevesinde geliştiren
Fraser'ın temel ilgi alanları, kimlik politikaları eleştirisi, kamusal
alan, adalet kavramı, çağdaş liberal feminizm ve kapitalizm eleş
tirisidir. Geçmişte, Northwestern ve Johann Wolfgang Goethe gibi
üniversitelerde çalışan Fraser, halen Amerikan Felsefe Derneği
Doğu Birimi'nin başkanlığı yapıyor. Fraser'ın eserlerinden bazıları
şunlar: Unruly Practices (1989), fustice lnterruptus (1997), The Radical
Imagination (2003), İhtiyaçlar Mücadelesi (Agora, 2006), Scales of fusti
ce: Reimagining Political Space in a Globalizing World (2008), The Old is
Dying and the New Cannot Be Born: From Progressive Neoliberalism to
Trump and Beyond (2019), Cannibal Capitalism (2022).
ÖNSÖZ .............................................................................. . . 9
GİRİŞ ................................................................................. 13
12
GİRİŞ
CHAPTER XI.
BABY HARRY.
"No," she said patiently. "I haven't much for you to-
morrow, Bobbie, without father brings anything home. And
that ain't likely. I don't know whether—"
She lifted the little fellow, and brought him close to the
fire, where she sat down. Harry lay heavily across her
knees, not looking up at any of them.
She crumbled the bread into the milk, and tried to feed
the child, but he moaned and turned away. A spoonful of
milk, slightly warmed, she held next to the pale lips—still in
vain. None was swallowed. Harry only seemed to be fretted
by her attempts; and there was a weak little wail of
complaint. Martha gave it up, and took him back into her
arms.
"I don't like him being like this," she said uneasily. "It
isn't his way. He used to be such a healthy little fellow."
"I don't see the 'must.' Mr. Holdfast don't; and I'm sure
he's as much of a man as any of you. I wouldn't be so easy
led, if I was a man, that I wouldn't!" declared Martha
passionately. "As if folks' talk was more to you than the
wants of your own little ones."
CHAPTER XII.
ANOTHER MEETING.
IT was on the whole an orderly meeting, and altogether
an earnest one. For a momentous decision had to be made.
Many pale and haggard men present had had no meal worth
mentioning through the past day.
"Just you let me say first of all that I takes it this here is
a conversational sort of a meetin' like, an' if any man don't
agree with what's said, he's free to say so."
"Well, well, 'tis easy to see you don't all agree with me!
Not surprisin', neither, it isn't! For why? There's lots o' bad
workmen to every good workman. 'Tis natural the bad
workmen an' the lazy chaps should want to put themselves
on a level with the best an' the most diligent. But what's
natural ain't always fair, nor it don't always work well in the
end. If I was you, I'd learn to look ahead a bit. I can tell
you, shorter an' shorter hours, an' higher an' higher wages,
an' easier an' easier work, sounds mighty pleasant. But it
may mean some'at in the future as won't be pleasant. It
may mean trade driven away from English shores to foreign
countries. It may mean less work to do and too many men
to do it, in our land."
CHAPTER XIII.
A DISCUSSION.
"No. You have to allow a time before each rise and fall,
when it's not paid at its exact market value. Sometimes it's
paid over its worth, and then it must soon fall. Sometimes
it's paid under its worth, and then it must soon rise. But it
finds its true level in time either way, and competition alone
will send it up or down, without the help of strikes."
"Found by who?"
"I mean what I say. Mind, I'm not giving you a hard and
fast rule. I only tell you that it's been found generally, in
places where capital and labour have free play, and where
there ain't any extraordinary pressure from the scarcity of
one or the other, that the cost of labour is wonderfully
equal."
"I don't see that at all," Stevens observed.
"Maybe not; but it's worth your going into and reading
about. It's been found by employers, with contracts in all
parts of the world, that though the wages of the men in
each place were different, the actual cost of the labour was
much the same."
"I said the wages were different, but the cost of the
labour was equal. That's easy enough to understand. I'll
give you two instances. There was a London bricklayer
working beside a country one. The country bricklayer was
paid three-and-sixpence a day for his work; the London
chap five-and-sixpence. D'you suppose he was paid more
because he was a Londoner? Of course not! He was paid
more because his work was worth more. It was found that
in one day he laid near upon twice as many bricks as the
countryman. Would you say that his labour was the more
expensive of the two?"
"Well, even then, I still say, let the strike be your last
resort, men! Don't fly to it at once. I do think a deal might
be done first. For a strike itself means trouble and loss; and
it does harm to yourselves and your families, harm to your
trade and your country."
"I'd have you all think for the future whether arbitration
isn't sometimes a thing possible. Couldn't able and
honourable men be found, who'd look into the state of the
matter, and tell us in honest truth whether a rise is our just
due—men who could be trusted by employers and workmen
alike? Wouldn't sometimes a calm and temperate demand
for a rise, backed by a real knowledge of the justice of it, be