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SANKALP 2024
Ancient History – Mains Question
1. Examine the significance of Vedic literature in the fields of medicine, science and geography.
(10 marks, 150 words)

Approach:
Introduction: Start with brief idea of Vedic Literature, also mention some Vedic literatures.
Body: Discuss about the contribution of Vedic literature in various sphere such as Science, medicine and
geography.
Conclusion: Conclude the answer by linking the usage of Vedic knowledge in modern day.

Ans. Vedic literature contains sacred ancient Hindu writings in Sanskrit that date from 1500 BCE to 500 BCE.
They mostly came from oral tradition. Vedic literature includes:
 Four Vedas- Rigveda, Sama, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda.
 Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads.
 Upavedas, Puranas.
Vedic literature made the following contributions to several domains of knowledge:
 Medicine: Atharva Veda is the first book on medicine, it contains chapters relating to medicine,
surgery. Ayurveda focusing on usage of natural herbs. Yoga for holistic development of mind and
body.
 Science: Science of metal extraction from ore facilitated the iron age. The science of engineering
reflected in building chariots. Knowledge of sounds and rhythm as hymn is mentioned in Sama Veda.
Vedic literature also contributed to atom theory under Vaisheshika school of philosophy.
Upavedas are regarded as basis for modern science. E.g., Dhanurveda contains military science.
 Geography: Vedic literature gives detail about physical features like rivers Indus, Saraswati,
Ganga; mountain systems like Himalayas, Aravallis. It also shares information on agriculture and
animals’ domestication. Vedic literature not only fuelled scientific developments in future
(Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Varahamihira), also spread knowledge throughout the world (Arabs-
Europe).
Thus, Vedas are rich source of knowledge many of which are being validated by present efforts. Yoga
remains as a best option for wellbeing in today’s busy world. This way, Vedic knowledge continues to hold
relevance even today.

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