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CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher illustrated some information about the

research methodology includes the subject of the research, the setting and

situation of research, technique of collecting the data research instrument and the

technique of analysing of the data. This research was a qualitative research and

the type of the research was case study. This research was categorized into

qualitative research in which it fulfilled the criteria of qualitative research that

stated by Marshal and Rosman in Sugiono, the fundamental methods relied on by

qualitative research for gathering information and participation in setting, direct

observation, in depth interview and document review.1

A. Research Design

In this study, the researcher used a qualitative research while the type of

the research was case study. According to Ary in Dobald that qualitative research

is conducted to describe the current status of phenomena that will exist at the

same time of study2. It was a method of trying to find new problems. In this study,

the researcher used observation, interviews, and document as instruments to

collect the data and for gathering information related to the problem being

studied.

1 ?
Sugiono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitative dan Kualitative R & D, (Bandung: Alfabeta,
2006), p.251
2 ?
Donald, Introduction In Research In Education, (Beltmont. Warsworth thomson
learning, 2002), p.25
 24

B. Setting and the Subject of the Research

This research was done at State Junior High School of SMP negeri 4

Baktiya, Panteu Breuh. The building of the school consisted of 35 rooms to

support learning activities, 11 room were used as classrooms, four classes for the

first year students consist of class I1, I2, I3 and I4, four classes for the second year

students consist of class II1, II2, II3 and II4 and three classes for the third year

students consist of class III1, III2 and III3. Almost all of the classes were occupied

by 32 up to 43 students. It also had one room for Headmaster, one room for

administrative staffs, one room for teachers, one room for biology and physic

laboratory and two rooms for library consisting many books, such as text books,

history books, dictionaries, and etc. in the corner of the front part of the school,

there was a canteen. The school was also facilitated with a volley ball and basket

ball court and also the security baseman. SMP Negeri 4 Baktiya had teachers that

graduated from various parts of science and discipline of teaching. The English

teacher that become the subject of the research were Miss Afriani who tought in

the first year students and Miss Nur Syamsyiah who tought in the second year

students. The school of SMP Negeri 4 Baktiya which has 330 students.

C. Research Procedure

In doing the research, the researcher visited to SMP Negeri 4 Baktiya.

The researcher made observation, interview and documentation. After collecting

all of the data the writer reduced and displayed the data, then took a conclusion as

the result of the research. In conducting this study, the researcher followed the
 25

steps of case study as illustrated by Moleong that there are four stages in doing a

case study as follows:

Field Study

Field Work

Data Analysis

Evaluation and Reporting

Steps of case study as illustrated by Miles and Huberman in Moleong . 3

D. Technique of Collecting Data

The researcher used observation, interview and documentation as the

instrument in gathering data from subject of research. Catherine Marshall and

Gretchen B. Rosman argued that the fundamental method on qualitative research

for gathering information are, participation in setting, direct observation, in depth

interviewing, document review.4 Observation group is that the observations made

3 ?
Lexi J. Moleong. M. A. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitative, Ed, Revisi. (Bandung :
PT.Remaja Rosda karya, 2006), p. 127-148.
4 ?
Marshall, Gatherine and Gretchen B. Rosman, Designing Qualitative Research, 2nd
ed. (London: Safa Publication International Educational Professional publisher, 1995), p.15
 26

by a team of researchers on an issue that was made the object of research 5. An

interview is a process of communication or interaction to collect information by a

question and answer between researchers with informants or subjects. In essence,

the interview is an activity to obtain in-depth information about an issue or theme

raised in the study. It is the process of verification of the information or

information that has been previously obtained through other ways. Because an

evidentiary process, it could have an interview suit or different from the

information that has been obtained in advance. In collecting the data in this

research, the researcher used three instruments to know teacher’s method in

implementing of Remedial Teaching Program in achieving of Minimum

Completeness Criteria (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) to SMP Negeri 4 Baktiya,

they are:

1. Observation

Observation also one data collection technique which is very common in

qualitative research methods. Observation is essentially an activity using the five

senses, can be sight, smell, hearing, to obtain the information needed to answer

the research problem. The observations is in the form of activities, events, objects,

conditions or certain mood, emotions and feelings. Observations carried out to

obtain the real picture of the teaching learning process to observe the teacher’s

method in implementing of the remedial program and to see the student’s score in

English.

5 ?
Bungin, M. Burhan. Penelitian kualitatif : Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan Publik,
dan Ilmu Sosial lainnya. (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2007 ), p. 115 – 117
 27

2. Interview

An interview is a process of communication or interaction to collect

information by a question and answer between the researcher with informants or

subjects. In essence, the interview is an activity to obtain in-depth information

about an issue or theme raised in the study. It is the process of verification of the

information or information that has been previously obtained through other

techniques. Because an evidentiary process, it could have an interview suit or

different from the information that has been obtained in advance. In the research,

the researcher will interview the teacher and the students.

3. Documentation

Beside interview and observation, the documentation also help the

researcher to collectnthenfactnofnthendata,bitncan benby using pictures, notes

(sillabus. RPP, students’ score, ect). In the introductory description of the study, it

has been mentioned also that as the object is concerned to obtain information, the

researcher consider three different sources, namely writing (paper), where (place),

and a paper or person (people).

E. Research Instrument

The instruments which would be used to collect the data in this research

were observation form and Interview guide.

1. Observation Checklist

Observation checklist is the instrument used by researcher in the research

to collect the data, that in this way, the researcher observe the teaching learning
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process are include to teacher and student activities to mark all of information

during teaching learning process based on the criteria of evaluation aspect.

2. Interview Guide

Interview guide is the instrument in doing the research that the form of

questions will be asked to the informan. The researcher set up ten general

questions to the teacher for asking about the problem and difficulties faced in

implementing of the remedial teaching program.

F. Technique of Analyzing Data

In analizing qualitative data obtained from the observation checklist,

field notes guidelines, and interview the researcher used Miles and Huberman’s

model. Miles and Huberman in Sugiyono said “activity data analysis in qualitative

research conducted with an interactively to completion through data reduction,

data display and conclusion.6

a. Data reduction

Data reduction means the researcher tries to reduce the unimportant data

and rearrange the data in good range and makes summary to get data more clearly,

so in the next step the researcher could focused in continuing which data should

be collected by the researcher.

6 ?
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R & D , (Bandung: Alfabeta,
2006), p. 337.
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b. Data display

After reducing the data, the researcher would display the data in narrative

text. By displaying process, it would be easy to understand what researcher would

do as the next step in analyzing the data.

c. Conclusion

Previously, it had been told the ways of analyzing the data for qualitative

by reduction the data and displaying the data in narrative text, finally the

researcher made a conclusion. Third step in data analysis qualitative based on

according to Miles and Huberman of conclusion withdrawal. The conclusion of

early opened still be tentative, and will change when it is not found by a strong

evidence supporting next data collecting.