Selecting Suitable Soil Stabilization Solution for a

Near Shore Industrial Facility in Batangas Area

By:
Engr. Sean Rey

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Philippines Growth Potential

Image Source: Phil Star

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Strategic Framework to Accelerate Infrastructure
Development

Source: Phil Development Plan 2017-2022 by NEDA

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Geography and Industrial Facilities

Image Source: Google Images / Industrial in Batangas

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Batangas: Location

Image Source: Maphill.com/ Batangas Geography

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 P h il ippin e Of f ice Ov e rv ie w

SITE CHALLENGES

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 Tsunami Risk

Image Source: PHIVOLCS

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Tsunami Inundation Investigation
2500 Year ARI

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Tsunami Inundation Investigation

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 Seismicity

Image Source: NSCP 2010 & PHIVOLCS

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Site Specific Response in Near Shore Batangas

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 Geotechnical

Image Source: Mines and Geosciences / Batangas Map

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 Geotechnical
+3.0m

-40.0m

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Geotechnical: Liquefaction

Geotechnical Data • Factual and Interpretative

Dynamic Site
• In-Situ Soil
Characterization
• Improved Ground

• Time Histories
Seismic and Site
• Bedrock Response Spectra
Response
• SRS / Peak Strength Ratio Profile

• Methods
• Susceptibility
Liquefaction
• Triggering Assessment
Triggering Analysis
• Effects
• Extent of Liquefiable Soil Layers

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 Geotechnical: Ground Water & Artesian Aquifer

• High Pressure water and continuous supply

• Possible implication during construction and risk

Image Source: Wikipedia / Aquifer & Artesian Aquifer

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 Near Shore Industrial Facilities

Image Source: Fluor Projects / Energy and Chemicals/ KITIMAT & SLNG

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 Near Shore Industrial Facilities

Onshore Facilities

Offshore / Marine
(Jetty and Upstream)

Image Source: Fluor Projects / Energy and Chemicals/ SLNG

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 Major Structures for Onshore Facilities

Tanks (LNG, LPG NG, Chemicals and Utilities) Major Equipment Structures (Columns and Vessels)

Process Buildings, Shelters and Substations Steel and Concrete Structures

Image Source: www.Fluor.com/Projects/Gallery

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Project Requirements (Civil/Structural)
 Seismic Criteria and Applicable Codes (NSCP 2015, PIP, AISC,
ASCE, NFPA, Local Engineer, Industry Practices)
 OBE
 SSE
 Service, Site-Specific and Risks
 Settlement Tolerances (including differential and angular) for
Major Structures and Equipment Foundation
 Code-Specific and Client Requirements
 Safety
 Storage Structures
 Vibrating Equipment
 Process Structures
 Blasts

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Important:

It is important to account all necessary practices,

client/code-approved standards, relative data and local project
experiences and insights from Subject Matter Experts on
assessing and determining the best-fit solution to address
project requirements during execution.

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Summary of Site Challenges
The Case:
 Requirement to raise the existing ground to address Tsunami threat
 Existing ground shows liquefaction risks
 Presence of Artesian Aquifer
 Existing ground in-situ bearing capacity and dynamic performance
 Project Requirement / Criteria for both service and Seismic
 Heavy Loaded Structures
 Settlement tolerances for equipment and buildings
 Local ordinances for Environment Compliance and
 Adjacent ecosystem / Residential community
 Cost, Schedule and Safety certainty to be considered

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Ground Improvement Solution

 Technical Assessment of In-situ Soil

Compressible Layers

Potential Settlement

Liquefiable Layers

Reduction in Bearing Capacity,

Dynamic Behavior & Collapse

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Ground Improvement Solution

 Soil Particle Distribution

Zone 1 & Zone 2
(Permeable and Semi-Pervious)

Soil Particle distribution across the

project site will determine the
most suitable Soil Improvement
solution to be used.

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Ground Improvement Solution

 Soil Particle Distribution and Respective Soil Improvement

Solution

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Ground Improvement Solution

 Qualifying Soil Improvement Solutions

• Particulate Grouts
• Vibratory Process
• Chemical Grouts
• Explosive Compaction Check and Balance:
• Deep Dynamic Compaction  Technology
• Compaction Grout  Cost
 Schedule Certainty
• Vibro Replacement  Local Contractor
• Drains  Environmental Impact
• Compaction Piles  Result Certainty
 Quality and Control
• Jet Grouting
• Admixtures
• Deep Soil Mixing
• Remove and Replace

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Ground Improvement Solution
 Qualifying Soil Improvement Solutions
• Particulate Grouts
• Vibratory Process
• Chemical Grouts
• Explosive Compaction
• Deep Dynamic Compaction
• Compaction Grout
• Vibro Replacement
• Drains
• Compaction Piles
• Jet Grouting
• Admixtures
• Deep Soil Mixing
• Remove and Replace
• Particulate Grouts
• Vibratory Process
• Chemical Grouts
• Explosive Compaction
• Deep Dynamic Compaction
• Compaction Grout
• Vibro Replacement
• Drains
• Compaction Piles
• Jet Grouting
• Admixtures
• Deep Soil Mixing
• Remove and Replace
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Ground Improvement Solution
Qualifying Soil Improvement Solutions

Remove and Replace

can be costly with large extent of work for an industrial facility.
Explosive Compaction
may require highly specialize contractor
Chemical Grouts/Admixtures
needs closer revalidation for potential environmental impact
Vibratory Compaction
may raise potential complains from adjacent dwellings and community
Dewatering
needs to be closely looked to see impact on water table and adjacent
community and ecosystem

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Ground Improvement Solution
Vibro Replacement / Stone Columns
 This has been used with sufficient project experiences in Batangas
 Environmental requirement since will be using locally available stones
 Cost-competitive and not-reliant on excessive field testing
 Availability of local contractor to execute
 Schedule and result certainty
 VR can improve the SPT N-Index of loose layers to 20 blows/ft. and cone
resistance (qc) to 10-12 MPa.

Image Source: Google Images / Stone Columns

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Ground Improvement Solution
Deep Dynamic Compaction (DDC)
 Availability of local contractor to execute
 Schedule and result certainty
 Mobilization cost may be high and vibration impact to adjacent community
 DDC can improve the SPT N-Index of loose layers to 25 blows/ft. and cone
resistance (qc) to 10-15 MPa.

Image Source: Google Images / Deep Dynamic Compaction

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Ground Improvement Solution
Jet Grouting (JG) and Deep Soil Mixing (DSM)
 Availability of local contractor to execute
 Schedule and result certainty
 These techniques are applicable for most soil types. JG is highly controllable
and can treat a loose layer at a specific depth.
 May relatively be more costly and requires constant spoil control on site
 Requires constant supply of grout near site

Image Source: Google Images / TREVI Spa / Jet Grouting

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Conclusion

There are great values on further strengthening our

understanding for Soil Improvement that may give merits to
possibility of building more projects in challenging sites locations
to support industrial growth and development of our country.

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Thank You

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