The basic feature of any organization is the hierarchy of persons in it.

It, therefore,
distinguishes among different persons and decides who will be superior and the subordi-
nate. All the organizations allow an unwritten rule that the subordinate cannot defy the
orders of the superiors.

1.1.1 Need for Organization

We need organization to execute the management function. Study of organiza-

tion has to be made necessarily for following reasons:

a. It provides an ideal setting for the study of human behaviour. The study of organiza-
tion leads to man’s important discoveries that are vital for the continued well-being
of the institutes particularly and the society in general.

b. Knowledge of organization helps managers to effectively, know various things, such

as how to run the organization and protect the environment needs, how to motivate
run the organizational subordinates, how to manage conflicts, how to introduce
behavioural changes and so on.

c. Organizations pervade in all the important phases of man’s life. A man is born in
organizations (hospitals, clinics etc.); he is educated in organizations (schools,
colleges etc.), and works in organization (factories, office etc.).

1.1.2 Process of Organizing

We have seen that the outcome of an organizing process is the ‘Organization’.

Organizing is the process by which managers bring order out of chaos and create proper
conditions for effective teamwork. Organizing involves the following interrelated steps:
a. Objectives: Every organization must have objectives. Therefore, every manage-
ment essentially has to identify the objectives before starting any activity.
b. Activities: Identifying and grouping several activities is an important process. If
individuals of the groups are to pool their efforts effectively, there must be proper
division of the major activities. Each and every job must be properly classified and
grouped.
c. Duty:Every individual needs to be allotted his duty. After classifying and grouping
the activities into various jobs, they should be allotted to the individuals so that they
perform them effectively. Every individual should be given a specific job to do ac-
cording to his ability. He may also be given adequate responsibility to do the job
allotted to him.

d. Relationship: Many individuals work in an organization. It is the responsibility of

management to lay down the structure of relationships in the organization and
authority.
e. Integration: All groups of activities must be properly integrated. This can be achieved
in the following ways: through relationship of authority: horizontal, vertical or lateral.
The unity of objectives can be achieved along with teamwork and team spirit by
the integration process of different activities.

1.3 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Each of us is a student of behaviour. We are aware that certain types of behaviour

are linked to certain types of responsibilities. As we mature, we expand our observations
to include the behaviour of others. We develop generalizations that help us to predict and
explain what people do and will do. How accurate are these generalizations? Some may
represent extremely sophisticated appraisals of behaviour and prove highly effective in
explaining and predicting the behaviour of others. Most of us also carry about with us a
number of beliefs that frequently fail to explain why people do what they do. As a result, a

Organizational Behaviour / 2