### Key Events in China-Pakistan Relations with U.S.

Involvement

#### 1950s: Early Engagement

- **1950:** Pakistan becomes one of the first countries to recognize the People's Republic of China.

- **1955:** Pakistani Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Bogra attends the Bandung Conference, where he
meets Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai.

#### 1960s: Strengthening Ties

- **1962:** The Sino-Indian War occurs, leading Pakistan to align more closely with China. The U.S.
views this alliance with cautious interest, given the broader context of the Cold War.

- **1963:** Pakistan and China sign a border agreement, demarcating their shared border and resolving
territorial disputes.

#### 1970s: Diplomatic Milestones

- **1970:** Pakistan plays a key role in facilitating the secret visit of Henry Kissinger to China, which
leads to President Nixon's historic 1972 visit and the normalization of U.S.-China relations.

- **1971:** During the Indo-Pakistani War, China supports Pakistan diplomatically, while the U.S.
provides political support to Pakistan in the United Nations.

#### 1980s: Strategic Cooperation

- **1980s:** China and Pakistan continue to enhance their military cooperation, with China providing
military equipment and assistance to Pakistan. The U.S. tacitly supports this alliance due to its strategic
interests in the region, particularly during the Soviet-Afghan War.

#### 1990s: Economic and Military Collaboration

- **1990s:** The collaboration between China and Pakistan expands to include economic projects and
infrastructure development. The U.S. monitors these developments, balancing its own strategic interests
in South Asia.
#### 2000s: Deepening Strategic Partnership

- **2001:** After 9/11, while Pakistan becomes a key U.S. ally in the War on Terror, it simultaneously
continues to strengthen its ties with China.

- **2003:** The China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement is signed, further enhancing economic
cooperation.

- **2005:** China and Pakistan sign a Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Good Neighborly Relations,
formalizing their strategic partnership.

#### 2010s: Belt and Road Initiative and CPEC

- **2013:** The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is announced as part of China's Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI), involving billions of dollars in Chinese investment in Pakistani infrastructure projects. The
U.S. views CPEC with suspicion, concerned about China's growing influence in South Asia.

- **2015:** President Xi Jinping visits Pakistan and announces investments worth $46 billion in CPEC
projects.

#### 2020s: Continued Cooperation and U.S. Concerns

- **2020:** Amid escalating U.S.-China tensions, Pakistan continues to strengthen its economic and
military ties with China. The U.S. expresses concerns about China's influence in Pakistan and the
strategic implications of CPEC.

- **2021:** China and Pakistan celebrate the 70th anniversary of their diplomatic relations, highlighting
their deep and enduring partnership.

### Summary

The China-Pakistan relationship has been characterized by strong military, economic, and strategic
cooperation, particularly since the 1960s. This partnership has often been viewed through the lens of
regional dynamics and the broader strategic interests of the U.S. While the U.S. has maintained its
alliance with Pakistan, it has also been wary of China's influence in the region. The development of CPEC
and other strategic initiatives has further solidified China-Pakistan ties, posing new challenges and
considerations for U.S. policy in South Asia.