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    FM Chapter 1

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    cous” CHAPTER 1 We know that the components of the stress vector are given by PROBLEM (1): (Tadi = 85M or (Tai = FAM) (since 65; = 6j;) rn) Let i= 1,2,3 intum in equation (1) , we get (Tq), = 81jMj) = FM FOAM + OyMy (Tq), = Fj Nj = Tami +onM2+ Or Ns (Ty), = F3j0j = Sumit onn2toyMy which can be written in matrix form as (Ta), on Sn on ]fm (Ty), | = | 62 o2 On |] ™ (TH); on oy Gntbns 2 5 3 3 2-1 37, Se ol dO. 3 47 ; 3.0 -1 5 i 3 3 Hence the stress vector T , is given by a a a Ty (Tq)ey = (Tad Ort (Tndaeat (Tas ° = $2,428.49 PROBLEM (2): We know that the components of the stress vector are given By (Ta)i = OyiMy & (Ta) = ijny (since ij = oi) ay Le f= 12,3 in tum in equation (1), we get (Ty), = oyjyny = ou m toms toons (Tq), = 62)nj = oaM tonnat ows (Ty), = 8350) 7 M+ onM2t aM ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 392 Cn, which can be written in matrix form as (Thy on on On] Pm (1), | =| ou on op |] ™ a (Tads oy Oy yt () _Inthis case the unit normal is (1,00). Thus equation (2) becomes (Th), 123771 | (T,), |=] 2 4 6}] 0 }=[2 | 96 10 3 Hence the stress vector T is given by a a a a n= (Tad Ci = (Ta) ert (Ta), e2*(Tp) ses = eyt2ert3es (ii) In this case , the unit normal is (te e %) . Thus equation (2) becomes a XL (T), 123 vs vs (MT), f=]2 4 6 }f 4 Jl] 22 v6 |7 6 (7), 361 5 we 2 1 = V6 vs Hence the stress vector T is given by ‘ Tae (Ta) C4(T), 84¢T n)s& = 3A a 1, Sede PROBLEM (3); as EM): We (T ‘now thatthe components Of the stress vector are given by aie jin) ATI ayn : u)Cahce @,. « . Met ie 7 ec 1° 152.3. intum in equation (xy We get (1), « 18) Onn Oana g n oe ony my yn, » UM Onn ton any (TM), = oyyny uM ton, Foun, ‘Scanned with CamSeanner NAMICS SOLUTION MANUAL os FD DYNAM! 393 sgcanbe writen in matrix form as vii (Tas on On On ny (Tada =] On Gn Sn na (2) ee Sy S23 Gythn; s(t,+,.4 : ips ease the unit normal is (Fe nc #): ‘Thus equation (2) becomes a B (Tr) T aT bT I+atb 1 T (T),), |=] aT T eT e oe at+lt+c bter+l (Ta)s bT cT T c at Hence the stress vector T , is given by Tye (Tadidy = (Tad Ort (Ta) 2e2 4 (Tas @ : * f [crtarbyeit(atiserese (ter es] 3 Buby the given condition Ty = 0- This implies lt+a+b=0 ati+e=0 b+ct1=0 Saving these equations , we get 2 / *ROULEM (4); From Cartesian tensors , we know that Oma = !mibnj Fij ti tx Os on 7 fy fn to on oR ta ta bn on on oF 9 ~ | ta Gr ft tn ta Os » on o & te: tn tn Cees tee : Sur — ay wie > eo wes ‘Scanned with CamScanner 394 3 0-5 2 =|01 0 1 oA so a 2 Se 5 = -6 : -8 2 84 F344 PROBLEM (5): (i) Giventhat u=C, v= w= The rates of strain are given by ou ove ow Ore oe Oe cr Gaye ete ono 1 fou, xy ~ 2hay = 1(ov ®yz = 2\oz* (= é (ii) Given that u= Cx, ‘The rates of strain are given by -2C 1 =3(040)=0 pl( Oy Ow) 21 *y a(5E+32) -Leo+0) «0 Ox dz M) Given that V=2Cy, vawng The rates of strain are given by au : “ aw fxn ay 9 mao = tf du av &xy” Day t dx ‘Scanned with CamSeanner sD DYNAMICS SOLUTION MANUAL 1 aw 9 ie‘ w gu) i] = (32432) 2(0+0)=0 Giventhat u=x?, v=-2xy, w=0 ") 4% ! tyr 2 1 Cx 2 ‘Twente of strain are given by ov ow tax oy 72K, Cyy = By 72s Cre = Gy =O 1fdu_ av re toy = 3( $8482) = Leozayy = -y ov ow 1 fy. = (32+8%) = Leo+0) = 0 1/6 tax 3( 38482) = L040) = Giventhat v,=0, vo = Arte, v,=0 "ates of strain are given by =O ie Ov_ Vv = S er ar 79s ceo 2 Set F=9+0=0, e227 3, 79 cw = BLO 2 1 Bol B = g[ova-B-1(ar+?)] =i B *BT]_1 28]--2 a[+-B-a-B]-3[- ro ¥(28y 84) -feorer-0 1(@ treo § (21,22) Los =0 BLY ae =z AEM (©: Giventhat w= 2x, ¥O~3YY "al and shearing rates of strain are given by awe, Sax 2, eyy = 5-3 e127" Oz Saya gy Sy+82) = dcovoy- 0 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 396 (dv. aw 1 = 1(2y,2) 21 =0 fye AC z FH 2(0+0) 1/dw du) 1 =0 tex (GE 958) = 20070) The components of angular velocity are given by 0, -2(2 av) «40-09 = 2\ay ~ 6z 1(au_aw)_1 = -1(au_aw) 1. (9-0 co (33 *) 2 = (0-0) = 1(2"_ 20) lego) = 0, = 4(3¢- 33) 2(0-0) (i) Giventht u=-Uy, v=Ux, w=U ‘The normal and shearing rates of strain are given by PROBLEM (7): The strain rate tensor ¢ is given by eu ee Cxx Oxy exz i=] en en en |=! ey eyy ey, Cn e3 e3 ( exz eyz er ) — Giventhat u=0, y= mat oat > VE -2xe"', wa-3xe Scanned with CamScanner FLUID DYNASNCS SOLUTION MANUAL 7 gu ay 4 tat ax Ot yy = ay 7% ta Sag 1(gu,av) 1 yf (2) =3(0-2¢ yee 1 (av aw ty272 2° By =4(0+0) <0 1(éw gu 1 . vue § (FB) = dete 40) = 2e! fom equation (1) , we have 0 ~en?t 33! nett 0 a fe! oo o gular velocity tensor w ;; is given by 9 en on 0 Oxy x2 =] -e2n 0 oy f=] -Oxy 9 yz (2) -0n -o, 0 Ox, yz 0 1 (éu 1 - -2t Oxy = (2 ) =F core 2h) ae? éu -3t 1 oA Sue 3(# BY) = deo+3e it) = Ze =1fé i (33-3 )- 30-0) =0 fi '™™ equation (2) , the angular velocity tensor @ ;, is given by 0 ett Bet Om] en 0 0 2e- 4g a 2_y2 axy 7 Given that ee vray ™ 0 Peyt)2x Ory) . O2sy?2x-4xC-y7) Cary") ‘Scanned with CamScanner > je 2 x -2x)+6xy? 2xQxi-3y’) ee ny oe set, <\ = ov a) Otay = Ty?) (x2ty?)2x-(2xy)2ixtty*)2y . eave) (xt +y?2)2x-8xy? . Oty?) Boao 2x? -6xy? _— 2x(x?=3y") SOOTY TOT?) *(=2y)=(x?~y?) (2y)2(x2 Fy?) City’) = Day GP ty?)~dy(x?~y?) - Oty?) dy =Gx?y | -2y(3x-y") OPV = Gy = Oty?) 2y-2 G8 +y?)2 x (2x) CS.) 2G? +y?)-Bx2y © Oy? 2y?-6x?y eee 2 Y(Shae Ya) Get yy OtFy?y _2y(3x?-y?) = 1[ 22yGx-y?) 2y(3x?~y?y =} [2x | | 1 Ot Fy?) “Otay Se) = 4040) «0 3) #(0+0) Thus from equation (1), we have T2xQ0-3y") -2y(axt-y2y Oty “aay PYG y") 2x47 W392) Coy’) Otay?) 0 : } ‘Scanned with CamScanner viscous FLUID DYNAMICS SOLUTION MANUAL HOODY) ny (aytiy? yo 9 5 2 ~y(3x2~y? Vigy? Gry YW) xCetaay?y) 9 1 (dau _ ry" 2 ay au x2" 2\d2~ 1(av aw) 1 a 3 (R-3) =3(0-0) "0 from equation (2), the angular velocity tensor wy is given by wy) = 0. Giventhat u=Az-By, v= Bx-Cz, w= Cy-hx av aw 50, een" Gen oy C a=} (24_20) 22 nA Tan ax) ~ ATA) oy, nL (av aw) 1 =-C ” 2( 5 SH) -5e-c-c) “aation (2), the angular velocity tensor , 18 given bY o -BUA “us| Bg Le “A coo ‘Scanned with CamScanner 400 CHAPTER PROBLEM (8); We know that the stress tensor is given by On Fn Sy | [xx Sxy Fez et | on Gn On |=] oxy Sy Fy w G1 Gx yy Oxz Fyz Su oO Giventhat u= ax, ve -ay, W=0 a Now x opt2ngy a -pt2ua yr opeayt ~p+2p(-a) =-p-2pa a Si tt =-pt+0=-p io 7 v 448") « u(o+0) a 0 ee se > |e = +32) = u(a+0)=0 sx Oy, ion = u(0+0) =0 Thus from equation (1), we get the stress tensor as -pt2pa 0 oy7| 0 0 (i) Giventhat w= ax, 0 obacha 0 oT ae Ve ay, we -2az = per pot Pt WT ps 2ya ~p42y2¥ E anges ~Pt2ya « ow usps prays ~PF2N(~ 2a) May ays ne ay dy ~P-4pa rH] “H(OVO) sg : ee HLOV0) wg ‘Scanned with CamScanner ops re ($822) Y : a On ay B aerd : (aw, au ™ o = . oS az Ths fom quation (1), we get the stres ~P 9M 2px Sie] 9p po 2ux 0 ~p Given tht ee -[1-(¢ A yISCOUS FLERE NAMESS SOLUTION MANUAL, ‘Thus from equation (1), We get the stress tensor as —pt2pa 0 0 oij = 9 ~p+2pa 0 ¢ 9 —p-4pa (ii) Giventhat u=3y, y=6x, ou Now Oxy = -P+2WSE = —pto =p av Sy “ -PH2HZY = +0 = —p av a 8) 2 (346) = 9p ) = u(or0)=0 a). H(2x+0) = 2px SS tensor as pve ~p+9,28 Prayare ate =0 ae 0 [oom (-§ ) n(O+0) 0 3)» H(0+0)=0 y ) 0] = -20¥mi Scanned with CamScanner PS 402 Cray ‘Thus from equation (1) , we get the stress tensor as wv -P -2pUmexp? 9 oj" y an -P 9 0 0 -p PROBLEM (9): We know that the viscous stress tensor is given by on Sp oy Sxx Oxy Fxz Sips] Sr Gn Gy |=] oxy Gyy yz (ly 83 Gy Oy 8x2 Sy, Oz, Now = 10(y-100y7), v= 0, w~=0, therefore ou Oxx = —Pt2nE = —p+2n(0) =-p 5 ov Syy ~~ Pt2HGY = —p+2u(0) =~p aw Sur = ~Pt2n G7 = =p t+2n(0) =~ : u ay wy oye o(28688) - a aaa he =0 ‘Thus from equation (1) , we get -P “HC10~2000y) 9 513 =| (10-2000 y) fF 0 Ne x " * ov P= 200kPa = 200% 1000 Pa = 200000 p, a H= 107? Pas, Y= 2mm = 0.002 m -200000 6x 19-3 ° Thus i; =| 6x10"? —200000 0 0 0 200000 and = 28¥ _ 6x10~3 6x10-? xx -200000 ~~ 2x10 =-3x10-8 ‘Scanned with CamScanner ae iS LID DYNAMICS SOLUTION MANUAL st We know that th “s eM (10): kno) ¢ stres Siena gnhEM (10 We know that the stress tensor oii in cylinderical polar coordinaes is Biven by Oi Fro See O19 Foo O. aj "| Fro Foo Fox oT] () Sr, For S2z B Giventhat vy = A-B)cos0, Yo = (a+3)sino —! 4 ous pt 2H Ge = ~p+20(P)coso = pr ABnBewe Lao} y cus -pean( tS a ! 3 + u I= ("CB efet (a Bet] eri ae 7 ~pe 2S ==p+2u(0) =p von a(S Spottt) = uf -t (4-B)sino-(-22) sino +4 (a+3)sino ] = A. B.. 1[-4sino+Bsino+2Psno+4sino+Bsino] 30 aa) n(0+0) = = fav wy 0( ee 2) zt = (040) =0 80001 5 or ~p 4 4HB cos 0 4uB 9 Catia SE sin 0 0 4ua sino ~p- An B ease o u 0 -P ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 404 (i) Given that v, = av aml os _ =- Ore PH ING = -ptO=-p ox ~9+2y( Siz = —pt2p Lov, av . Ser a(t 32) = H(0)= Ov, dv Thus equation (1) becomes -P 95 0 -p 0 H(v2) 7 0 -P : (it) Given that v, = 0, Vo= Ar Now o,, = vr “Or =-P+2n(0y - lav, y ca sonen( 7P )=-pe2ncosey =-p z ~~P+2n(0) = =p v 38 Bt) woraayeg =y(42v2 av Sor co re dv oe (2 Thus equation (1) becomes “Po 0 sayy PueP Oo pg -2yBr a -P z )- MO-2Br) woe Scanned with CamScanner yscOUS FLUID DYNAMICS SOLUTION MANUAL 4 pROBLEM (11): We know that Navier ~ 40s Stokes" equi lations of motion fo Do at noon ee ion for viscous incompressible Nid au, du, du, du Lop, (uu a + + +wo- = Tae 448 e att ax*Vay* az ~ Fx pat 3st at) ay, av, av. av 1 Op, (ay, dy, ory [ + twos -— oy, Oy, oy at Yax* ay“ az~ Fy-pa (F ‘oy? on Sie the low is steady , a = 0. Also , the body force is neglected , therefore F x Futhemore , the velocity components v = w = 0. Under these conditions , we see that the second and ttl equations are identically zero , while the first Navier — Stokes’ equation reduces to 1 6p (3 zu ) p= 2 oP p ax” Yay? d we o ‘arg uw \dx. x @u_idp ax ‘om equation (1) , we get Lag = du, (14p) SP. pus. Hs. ee (LEE wax" ® i . eo tion tiven velocity field satisfies the Navier Stokes equations of moo” incompressible Ould “EM (2), We know that Navier- Stokes" equations of motion aie " viscosity in Cartesian coordinates are : 2 ay 24 gu, 2 4) wes ap. (au, 28.24 Saude, au, aug, 198.4(SH eds <2 Oy 07 pox ty Oty 8 ay aty ) Bee, av, av 128, (Z+3yF +o ax*Voy*™ az @ Fy-p ay * ae aw . ay ,2%) drt uSH, aw | az 4 20,.6(FF tay ° xt Vay tw Se > Fag ar i ‘Scanned with CamSeanner a eal 406 ko , the body force is neglected , therefore Fy 0. Also, since the flow is steady » 6. Under these conditions , we see that the fr co nts u = , " : resem ile the third Navier ~ Stokes” equation reduces to while second equations are identical 227 a) o Now ) (@) © (ato?) (dz) * 2 (4 w 3-5 (2) aw 4 Also oy ae = dp n(at+b?) dz¥ and ote satan (# n(aeby (dz Thus from equation (1), we get 2 LHS. = fe. (2). d Luca? +b?) (az naan (§ #)| ag T RAS, ' Thos the given velocity 'y field satis htm, ies the Navier ~ Stokes" equations of motion . pe + We know that Len with constant vscosn St Navier-Stokes" equations of motion for viscous ine! ' In Cartesian coordinate é S are : au, ay ay Frees yok, Ou Ox Vayt™ 2 Fang Bee (Sy ou oe) og Ox" Oy" Oz +2, ov wu, av 9 ue “oy ay 12 +( ay a ) p ow a Bt Ua ye , ‘Scanned with CamScanner LUID DYNAMICS SOLUTION MANUAL 407 = 0. Also, the boul forve is neglected, thevefive Py = 4 yeFeo more , the velocity components w= Vy = 0, Under the conditions, we see thatthe first and ud equations are identi lly zero , while the third Navier ~ Stokes! equation reduces 0 i) Ng CE) HE 2 ‘ . on of motion Wen vetaclty field satisfies the Novis Stokes’ equation of Mm ‘Scanned with CamScanner oa 408 CHAPTER PROBLEM (14); We know that Naver ~ Stokes’ equations of motion for viscous incompresny ta with constant viscosity in Cartesian coordinates are : ty atu atu a 1oP (ea ) Bey Sea ye wGe Pep ant? axt* ay! az ay? a2? (& aw a) +o( 24, 24,94 z ax? dy? * az? a ' dp _dp_ dp Since the flow is steady , ates 0. Also , the pressure is constant , therefore ace ay The Furthermore , the velocity components v = w = 0. Under these conditions , We see that the second and third equations are identically zero , while the first Navier — Stokes” equation reduces to , eu ~ sina (228) Zu or Way? = -Pgsing ql) _ 2gsing Now ou or (2hy-y?) Bu Pesina dy” 2_ ~(2h~2y) @u_ pgsing ir ay py (-2) = -2esing ‘Ths fom equation (1), we get 2 LHS, = er - a( Pgsing Pasig , we) gina = pus Thus the given Velocity field Satisfies $ the Navier~ Stokes: PROBLEM (5): We know th equations of motion - “ih consatVacosy in Canin nt” SOKES get secous incomere equations of motion for viscous inoo™ AN coordinates are : Scanned with CamScanner = 0. Also the pressure is constant, therefore 3° = 3" = 3 x dy ez -0 the flow is eady «By the velocity components v = Ww = 0 and wu is the function of y alone. Under thes ons , we see that the second and third equations are identically zero , while the first Navier ~ Stokes’ reduces to au Ww >, Uy ve Hrihy-y) +E therefore 4 | u eult - "7g Fi(h-2y)+He ay” Sh FA-2) 2l2 from equation (1), we get a F ~0=LHS. nis. = Feed = pyeo(—Gt) «Fae 0=LH + equati n. the given velocity field satisfies the Navier ~ Stokes’ equations of motior f motion for viscous incompressible fluid with BLEM (16): The Navier ~ Stokes’ equations 0 viscosity in cylinderical polar coordinates are: art Bet r ie Sot SE r ty pty ov, av, 1 Oty, Ov % 3a] wp bon, [yt ek St P90 "per Ore of er Bie, 8¥e ve Ove, Sve, Ure err er > ee ‘t+ az © “Por pr 39 av Shey, Dee ve Ove Sty Goel St ve Ge 7 Fv, 1 ov 1 av, 24s] - 1ép, fave 12.4 5G7 * oz rect SB Bd Sd F,-F te Jigible, therefore F, = Fy = Fz Mow is steady , 2 = 0. Also the body force is neslis 0. Under these conditions , we see that the above =v » the velocity components Vr a) (2) ‘Scanned with CamScanner CHAK 410 O° -p oz oy Equation (3) pies that _p_ does not depend on 7 Le. p= p(r.G). Also, since the fom symmetric therefore p_ does not depend on @. Thus i p= p(t) w Using equation (4), equations (1) and (2) reduce to ! dp. pve ar t 6 d?vg 1dvg ¥ . . Step at no [since vo = vo(t)] a ‘Now given that 2 RR} (2-01) | -o ve" GER LCR Ri0,-R701) _RiniGor-o)| a 2p? RiR3( 02-0 ‘ then [gece Bintan] } 2 and [ -2BiRiter-00) j Ri r o | | 2 Pees Also pee Re@-R? Po RiRp(o2-01) (R2-R?) (R302-Rj 01) - i | ] | | 2 -2(R302-R?0,)R7RZ (02-01) Inr J tnd 3 (Rer-R}o1)* (eRIRi(o2- 01)" oF (R-R1) eee _2(Roor-Ri oy) RIRE(or 2] a r dp therefore, Ge = ‘From equations (5) , (7) and (11), we have 2 niRiwr-0] TT 205 2 7 ‘Scanned with CamScanner LUID DYNAMICS SOLUTION MANUAL yscous Fl 4 bing te values from equations (9) , (10) , and (11), in equation (6) , we get 2 diva 1 dvy_y LHS. = “G7? * Ga 2p2 =| 2RiR3(@2-01) R}O2-Rjo; RjR}(a2-0,) 2 Ri Ra (2-01) | P Ri a r r R}o2-Rjo1 Eee] oe Tr T = 0=RHS. Ths the given velocity and pressure distributions satisfy the Navier ~ Stokes’ equations of motion . PROBLEM (17): The Navier — Stokes’ equations of motion for viscous incompressible fluid with constant viscosity in cylinderical polar coordinates are : av, By, vp OVe, Ov, Ve Or a st —t_ ot Start 90°08 02 T = Fe-Zy oe, [Seat S45 ae, T8943 ay -4] 0. 5 an -Fy=F "ee the flow is steady , a = 0. Also the body force is negligible , therefore F, = Fe = Fe = 0. Under these conditions , we see that the first two R Thermore, the velocity components Vr “Sion ae identically zero , while the third equation reduces 0 o=_1 2p, [ave 1285] poz**L or *r or or a “ 1 ‘Scanned with CamScanner an 1 (ap\| 5,03 7 i, (#) : (2) Warn | Thus from equation (1) , we get LHS. = Thus the given velocity PROBLEM (18); with constant viscosity in Cartesian ‘Coordinate: Steud La car) poets Sear 9 ion arrest ty when ry LB Bo" aw ay ; ont ay + WO _1 ap Since the pressure pradients are 2019 neglected , therefore F x & F these conditions Navier~ Stokes? diy 123) u(t ield satisfies the ‘Navier ~ Stokes? equations of motion . We kn ible uid incompressible i iscous incomp! + ev that Naver Stokes equations of motion for vise S are : force 6 P Also , the bod¥ v therefore SP dp _ dp _ oe dx * dy 7 dz der We see : 7 an fist YF 0. Funke Wore , the velocity components "se ' that the se, identically 2er + Sond and third equations are identically Quation reduces tg ‘Scanned with CamSeanner sous FLUID DYNAMICS SOLUTION MANUAL isco du, ou oa 2 fe u(t) = Use * cos(nt-Ky), -U,ne7*” sin(nt-Ky) = Up[e7*¥sin(nt-Ky)(K)+e7*¥(-K)cos(nt-Ky)] = UpKe7**[sin(nt-Ky)-cos(nt-Ky)] = Uck[e7*(-K) { sin(nt-Ky)—cos(nt-Ky) } ~UeKe™¥? { cos(nt-Ky)(-K)+sin(nt-Ky)(-K)} ] = UpkteK? [_sin(nt-Ky) +cos(nt-Ky) cos (nt—K y)~sin(nt~Ky)] = -2U,Kie*¥sin(nt-Ky) equation (1), we get Lis. = 08 = v[-2U0K?e7*¥sin(nt-Ky)] = o[-2u.()e* sincnr-xy) ] -Ky Me = -Uone”*”sin(nt-Ky) =, 7 RHS. Si velocity field satisfies the Navier — Stokes" equations of motion . 3 LEM ie Sayg (19! The energy equation for two — dimensional steady , viscous , cmastant K is and incompressible a 2) \ 1 oy ° ‘Scanned with CamScanner CHAPTER] 414 Thus equation (2) becomes : 4y 47) 2 (he2y a (4 @) o- 16 wns (I> ) - uve Wh (4) Suds nergy equation is satisfied . PROBLEM (20): The energy equation for two ~ dimensional steady viscous incompressible flow wih constant K is a @ Since v= v,(r) and T = T(r), therefore equations (1) and (2) reduce to ) @T lat 7 Os -— ° “(Fed arte @ av,\ where @ = ,,( 2% 7 u( 32) : Now v,= (ae 1-(E) |. therefore ‘Scanned with CamSeanner > . is FLUID DYNAMICS SOLUTION MANUAL aaa ssc! ‘ous oe (v2) max (-#) esequntion becomes . 4r 2 : oop (V2) me (Br) = 4uCve daw (2) . 2 w(vs)nax ( =) go T(r) = Tot 4k I-R 2 3 3 vz) moet aT _ ada (ar) - HC 2) max Mar 4K R* KR* a 2 at 3h (¥z)maxt @T_ 3htve)mext ar KR Séxituting equation (5) and (6) in equation (3) , we get 2 Ae a3 Ca)? 1 (<2Gpdme) Jean K KR r KR ; 2 a = nC )mat™ wC)amr Yu +4 (Vz) max R® = BBO 2) maT R oe = Ave dimer? Aw (Vamos

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