How to Wire a Starter (With Example Diagrams) - In The Garage with CarParts.com

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How to Wire a Starter (With
Example Diagrams)
Reviewed by
Richard Richard McCuistian, ASE Certified Master Automobile Technician
McCuistian, (https://www.carparts.com/blog/author/richardmccuistian/)
ASE Certified Technical Reviewer at CarParts.com
Master
Written by CarParts.com Research Team (https://www.carparts.com/blog/author/thecpteam/) - Updated on
Automobile
November 10th, 2023
Summary
A starter-mounted solenoid has three terminals with three connections一these are

the battery (B), start (S), and motor (M) terminals.
A typical starter uses a solenoid to generate a specific amount of horsepower for a

limited time.
As you turn the ignition to the “start” position, voltage is sent to the S terminal,
energizing the solenoid’s electromagnetic windings.
The windings create a magnetic field that pushes a disc against the B and M
contacts, producing an electrical connection that cranks the engine.
The starter motor cranks the engine to get it

Contents [ hide ]
going—you know that much. But do you truly
1. How Are Starters Wired?
understand how the starter
2. How a Starter Works
(https://www.carparts.com/starter) and the
3. Direct-Drive Starter vs. Gear-Reduction Starter
rest of the starting system work?
4. How a Typical Starting Circuit Works
5. What are the Different Starter Solenoid x
How Are Starters Wired? Terminals? (https://www.c
6. FAQs About Wiring a Starter arparts.com)
The positive cable links the starter solenoid to Get Premium Automotive Content
Guides & features that can help you extend the service
the (+) battery terminal. Meanwhile, the life of your car delivered straight to your inbox.
negative or ground cable connects the transmission or engine cylinder block near the starter to the
negative (-) battery terminal.
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11/26/23, 9:39 AM How to Wire a Starter (With Example Diagrams) - In The Garage with CarParts.com
Learn how your system is wired and how it works. Newer vehicles will use a starter relay that is activated by the
PCM/ECM. | Image Source: Richard McCuistian.
How a Starter Works

Nearly all internal combustion-powered vehicles (with the exception of some hybrids) use a starter
motor to crank the engine.
The starter, which operates with the help of a solenoid, can generate a significant amount of
horsepower for a limited time. On most vehicles, the solenoid is mounted on top of the starter.
x
Diagram of a resting and spinning starter motor | Image Source: Richard McCuistian.
(https://www.c
arparts.com)
Get Premium
There are two common types of starters—direct-drive and gear-reduction—used in automotive
Automotive Content
applications. Both designs operate in a similar manner:
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When the driver turns the ignition key to the “start” position, the solenoid engagesPrivacy
a plunger,
Policy (https://www.carparts.com/privacy-policy)
which, in turn, acts on a lever fork inside of the starter.
The fork then pushes the starter’s pinion gear into mesh with the ring gear on the engine’s
flywheel or flexplate.
The solenoid’s plunger pushes a disc against a set of contacts. Current flows from the battery
to the starter once the contacts connect.
Current then passes through the starter’s insulated brushes, which ride on the commutator
portion of the armature, before entering the field coils and the armature windings.
The current flowing through the field coils and armature creates a magnetic field that causes
the armature to spin.
The commutator continuously switches the polarity of the circuit to keep the armature spinning
in the same direction.
If the starter has a direct drive, the spinning armature turns the pinion gear directly. But if the
starter has a gear drive, the armature drives a set of gears that turn the pinion gear.
In either scenario, the starter’s pinion gear rotates the engine’s flywheel. Because the flywheel is
bolted to the engine’s crankshaft, the internal engine components (i.e., pistons, camshaft, etc.) are
set into motion.
See also 5 Signs of a Bad Starter

(https://www.carparts.com/blog/bad-starter-symptoms/)
Once an air-fuel mixture and spark are added to the equation, the engine begins to run.
The driver can then move the ignition key to the “run” position to disengage the starter motor. If the
driver fails to do so, the starter has a one-way clutch that will allow it to freewheel. That way, the
starter doesn’t get damaged by the spinning engine.
Check out this video to know more about how a starter works:
How a Car Starter Works ⚙️| CarParts.com Parts Explained
x
(https://www.c
arparts.com)
Get Premium Automotive Content
Direct-Drive Starter vs. Gear-Reduction Starter

With a direct-driver starter, the starter motor and gear turn at the same speed on the same shaft.
With a gear-reduction starter, the starter gear has more torque despite spinning slower than its
counterpart in a direct-drive setup. This is because the starter lowers the RPMs from the starter motor
before it reaches the gear.
Gear-reduction starters are smaller, lighter, and more efficient than their direct-drive counterparts,
helping batteries last longer.
How a Typical Starting Circuit Works
An example of a typical, non-computer controlled starter wiring diagram.
Now you know how a starter motor works. But what about the rest of the starting system?
Starting circuit operation is fairly straightforward. When the driver turns the key to the “start” position
in a typical starting system, battery voltage flows from the ignition switch to an underhood relay.
As long as the neutral safety switch (https://www.carparts.com/neutral-safety-switch) is in the park

position (or the clutch safety switch is closed), the relay closes, allowing voltage to flow to the starter
solenoid. The solenoid then engages the starter to crank the engine.
x
(https://www.c
arparts.com)
An example of a modern computer-controlled starter solenoid wiring diagram.
It’s worth noting that, on many modern vehicles, the ignition switch and neutral safety switch (or
clutch safety switch) are not wired directly into the starter circuit. Instead, these switches act as
inputs to control modules—usually the body control module (BCM) and the transmission control
module (TCM).
See also What Does Remanufactured Mean? VS Refurbished, Rebuilt, Reconditioned

(https://www.carparts.com/blog/what-does-remanufactured-mean-vs-refurbished-rebuilt-
reconditioned/)
The BCM and TCM communicate the position of the switches to the engine control module (ECM)
over a data network. If the conditions are correct, the ECM then operates the starter relay to supply
power to the starter solenoid (https://www.carparts.com/starter-solenoid).
x
(https://www.c
arparts.com)
What are the Different Starter Solenoid Terminals?
Starter solenoid terminals: B = battery terminal, S = start terminal, M = motor terminal
Many DIYers wonder: What wires go to the starter solenoid? Typically, a starter-mounted solenoid has
three terminals with three connections:
The “B” or “battery” terminal: The terminal that connects the solenoid directly to the positive
battery cable.
The “S” or “start” terminal: The terminal that receives power from the ignition switch.
The “M” or “motor” terminal: The terminal that attaches to the cable that connects to the starter
motor.
When the driver turns the ignition key to the “start” position, voltage is sent to the starter’s “S” terminal.
That voltage energizes the solenoid’s electromagnetic windings.
The windings then create a magnetic field that pulls the starter’s plunger, forcing it to push a disc
against a set of contacts. Those contacts attach to the solenoid’s “B” and “M” terminals. Once the two
terminals have an electrical connection, current can travel directly from the battery to the starter
motor to crank the engine.
x
FAQs About Wiring a Starter (https://www.c
arparts.com)
A licensed mechanic is your best source of information about wiring a starter. If you want to learn
Guides
more but don’t have time to stop by your auto repair shop for a consultation, you might find& features
the that can help you extend the service
answers to these questions helpful.
Where Does the Starter Get Power?

The starter draws power from the battery through thick cables that can channel high electric current.
What Wire Goes Where on a Starter Solenoid?

Two cables usually connect the battery to the starter: a red wire and a black or greenish-yellow one.
The red wire connects the battery’s positive terminal to the solenoid, while the other cable connects
the battery’s negative terminal to the motor.
The colors vary depending on the vehicle’s year, make, and model.
See also How to Replace a Car Battery

(https://www.carparts.com/blog/how-to-replace-a-car-battery/)
Can You Connect a Starter Directly to the Battery?

Yes, you can. It’s one of the ways mechanics check starters. They bypass the car’s electrical system
using jumper cables.
First, they turn off the ignition and put the transmission in park mode. Then, they connect one end of
the positive cable to the battery’s positive terminal and the other end to the starter motor’s positive
terminal.
Mechanics determine issues based on how the parts react. For example, if the starter cranks the
engine, there might be something wrong with the cables or relay.
What Happens If You Wire a Starter Solenoid Wrong?

A high electric current might surge through the solenoid due to faulty control or starter circuit
connections. The heat could merge crucial parts and lead to starter solenoid problems.
What Happens If a Starter Is Not Grounded?

Your car will struggle to start if there’s loose ground to your starter.
Where Does the Starter Ground Wire Go?

A starter ground cable often goes from the starter housing to the transmission case and the engine x
(https://www.c
block. In some vehicles, it skips the transmission case, running from the housing to the engine block.
arparts.com)
What Are the Signs of a Bad Starter? Get Premium Automotive Content
Your vehicle might not be firing up due to a bad starter if you notice these telltale signs:
Engine won’t start Privacy Policy (https://www.carparts.com/privacy-policy)
Engine cranks slowly.
Engine intermittently fails to start.
Whirring or grinding noises when starting the engine.
Check out this guide (https://www.carparts.com/blog/bad-starter-symptoms/) to learn what causes

each bad starter symptom.
Note that a faulty starter solenoid can exhibit similar signs, so it’s best to have a mechanic check your
vehicle to pinpoint what’s causing the issue.
Check out these videos on how to replace your starter:
x
(https://www.c
arparts.com)
Products Mentioned in this Guide
Starter Starter Solenoid

(https://www.carparts.com/ (https://www.carparts.com/
starter) starter-solenoid)
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Richard McCuistian, Reviewed By

ASE Certified Master Richard McCuistian, ASE Certified Master Automobile
Automobile Technician Technician
(https://www.carparts.com/blog/author/richardmccuistian/)
Technical Reviewer at CarParts.com
(https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-
(https://www.youtube.com/user/McCuistian)
mccuistian-2681891b/)
Richard McCuistian has worked for nearly 50 years in the automotive field
as a professional technician, an instructor, and a freelance automotive
writer for Motor Age, ACtion magazine, Power Stroke Registry, and others.
Richard is ASE certified for more than 30 years in 10 categories, including
L1 Advanced Engine Performance and Light Vehicle Diesel.
Written By
CarParts.com Research Team
(https://www.carparts.com/blog/author/thecpteam/)
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writers working with (ASE)-certified automobile technicians and automotive journalists
to bring up-to-date, helpful information to car owners in the US. Guided by
CarParts.com's thorough editorial process, our team strives to produce guides and
resources DIYers and casual car owners can trust. x
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Any information provided on this Website is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace
consultation with a professional mechanic. The accuracy and timeliness of the information may change
from the time of publication.
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blog/what-happens-when- blog/how-to-video-spark- blog/bad-starter-
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bad/)
How-to Video: Spark Plug 5 Signs of a Bad Starter
Bad Starter Solenoid Wire Replacement (https://www.carparts.com/
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Work? (With Example Clicking Noise? Symptoms
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11 COMMENTS
Jeffrey
 1 month ago
My car has two wires connected on the silonoid plug. On the starter silonoid as well as the positive and the ground.
When I try to start it I hear a click coming from the boxes under the dashboard, passenger side interior
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11/26/23, 9:39 AM How to Wire a Starter (With Example Diagrams) - In The Garage with CarParts.

Get expert answers to your auto repair questions (https://www.carparts.com/answers)

Need car parts?

A starter-mounted solenoid has three terminals with three connections一these are

A typical starter uses a solenoid to generate a specific amount of horsepower for a

The starter motor cranks the engine to get it

How a Starter Works

See also 5 Signs of a Bad Starter

How a Car Starter Works ⚙️| CarParts.com Parts Explained

Privacy Policy (https://www.carparts.com/privacy-policy)

Direct-Drive Starter vs. Gear-Reduction Starter

How a Typical Starting Circuit Works

An example of a typical, non-computer controlled starter wiring diagram.

As long as the neutral safety switch (https://www.carparts.com/neutral-safety-switch) is in the park

Privacy Policy (https://www.carparts.com/privacy-policy)

An example of a modern computer-controlled starter solenoid wiring diagram.

See also What Does Remanufactured Mean? VS Refurbished, Rebuilt, Reconditioned

Privacy Policy (https://www.carparts.com/privacy-policy)

What are the Different Starter Solenoid Terminals?

Starter solenoid terminals: B = battery terminal, S = start terminal, M = motor terminal

Privacy Policy (https://www.carparts.com/privacy-policy)

Where Does the Starter Get Power?

What Wire Goes Where on a Starter Solenoid?

See also How to Replace a Car Battery

Can You Connect a Starter Directly to the Battery?

What Happens If You Wire a Starter Solenoid Wrong?

What Happens If a Starter Is Not Grounded?

Where Does the Starter Ground Wire Go?

Engine won’t start Privacy Policy (https://www.carparts.com/privacy-policy)

Engine cranks slowly.

Engine intermittently fails to start.

Whirring or grinding noises when starting the engine.

Check out this guide (https://www.carparts.com/blog/bad-starter-symptoms/) to learn what causes

Check out these videos on how to replace your starter:

Privacy Policy (https://www.carparts.com/privacy-policy)

Products Mentioned in this Guide

Starter Starter Solenoid

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Richard McCuistian, Reviewed By

The CarParts.com Research Team is composed of experienced automotive and tech

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