Adr Manuscript Final

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR)
MECHANISMS IMPLEMENTED BY THE BARANGAY OFFICIALS IN

BARANGAY SAN ISIDRO, BULA, CAMARINES SUR
A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Criminal Justice Education
Pili Capital College, Incorporated
Pili, Camarines Sur
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology
By
CARLA JOYCE M. ABONITA
June 2024
ii
PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
San Isidro, Pili, Camarines Sur
APPROVAL SHEET
The thesis titled “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE

RESOLUTION (ADR) MECHANISMS IMPLEMENTED BY THE BARANGAY
OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY SAN ISIDRO, BULA, CAMARINES SUR”
prepared and submitted by CARLA JOYCE M ABONITA in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY,
has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for final
examination.
DR. WILMOR T. PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

Adviser
THESIS COMMITTEE

Chairman
JOMAR E. OLIVARES Ph. D. Mr. MICHAEL B. NUÑEZ

Member Member
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Final Examination on ___________ with a

grade of _________.

Chairman
JOMAR E. OLIVARES Ph. D. Mr. MICHAEL B. NUÑEZ

Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY.

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study owes its realization to the generous support of many. Her heartfelt
gratitude goes to:
Dr. Wilmor T. Plopinio J/Supt (Ret). Dean of the College of Criminal Justice
Education, for his invaluable guidance, patience, and constructive feedback have been
instrumental in shaping this work.
Roberto B. Briones Ed.D., research instructor for sharing his expertise and
unwavering support.
Her thesis committee members, Jomar E. Olivares Ph.D., and Mr. Michael B.
Nuñez, for their insightful comments and suggestions that have significantly enriched
the quality of this research.
Hon. Rico A. Javier and the Brgy. Officials of San Isidro, Bula Camarines Sur,
for their assistance.
The Residents of Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur, for their
participation as the respondents of this study who generously shared their time and
insights, without whom this research would not have been possible.
Special thanks are due her family, boyfriend, friends, and colleagues for their
unwavering love, encouragement, and belief in her abilities. Their constant support has
been my source of strength and motivation.
Above all, to the most loving and generous giver of love and wisdom, the
Almighty God for His grace and guidance throughout.
Thank you to everyone who has played a part, no matter how big or small, in the
completion of this study. Your support has been invaluable, and I am truly grateful for
it.
Researcher
iv
PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE, INC.

CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the thesis of CARLA JOYCE M. ABONITA entitled

“THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR)
MECHANISMS IMPLEMENTED BY THE BARANGAY OFFICIALS IN
BARANGAY SAN ISIDRO, BULA, CAMARINES SUR”, has been edited by the
undersigned.
Issued upon the request of the interested party for reference purposes and
whatever it may serve on __________________ at San Isidro, Pili, Camarines Sur,
Republic of the Philippines.
Given this ___ day of _________ 2024 at San Isidro, Pili, Camarines Sur,
Republic of the Philippines.

Editor
Reviewed and Approved:

v
ABSTRACT
Title : THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
(ADR) MECHANISMS IMPLEMENTED
BY THE BARANGAY OFFICIALS IN
BARANGAY SAN ISIDRO, BULA,
CAMARINES SUR
Researcher : CARLA JOYCE M. ABONITA
Type of Document : Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis 2024
Host/Accrediting School : Pili Capital College, Inc.

Pili Camarines Sur, Region V (Bicol)
Key Words : Effectiveness, Alternative Dispute

Resolution (ADR) Mechanisms, Barangay
Officials
This research endeavors to evaluate the effectiveness of Alternative Dispute
Resolution (ADR) methods administered by barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro,
Bula, Camarines Sur. ADR, comprising mediation, arbitration, and negotiation, has
emerged as a favored alternative to conventional court proceedings for conflict
resolution, lauded for its non-adversarial nature. Recognized for their cost-
effectiveness, efficiency, adaptability, and emphasis on relationship preservation, these
methods have witnessed increased adoption across diverse sectors, encompassing
business, family, and community disputes. The study conducted surveys among forty
randomly selected residents aged 20 to 60 years, utilizing a descriptive research
approach and a self-constructed questionnaire checklist as the primary data collection
method. The application of weighted mean and rank analysis facilitated the
identification of challenges, formulation of solutions, and development of policy
recommendations. The research findings offer valuable insights to policymakers for
enhancing ADR mechanisms and refining dispute resolution outcomes.

vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page………………………………………………………………………… i
Approval Sheet………………………………………………………………… ii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………… iii
Certification……………………………………………………………………… iv
Abstract………………………………………………………………………… v
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………...…… vi
List of Tables…………………………………………………………………… x
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………… xi
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
Introduction 1
Statement of the Problem 4
Objective of the Study 5
Significance of the study 6
Scope and Limitations of the Study 7
Theoretical Framework 8
Conceptual Framework 13
Definition of Terms 15
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature
Local 17
Foreign 18
Related studies
Local 22
Foreign 25
vii
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 31
Respondents of the Study 31
Research Locale 32
Research Instruments 32
Sampling Techniques 33
Data Gathering Procedure 36
Data Analysis Technique 37
CHAPTER IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age 36
Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of gender 37
Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of educational attainment 38
Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of occupation 39
Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of civil status 41
Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of monthly income 42

of the family
Programs on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism 43

implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro,
Bula, Camarines Sur.
Effectiveness of the programs of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 46

mechanism implemented by the barangay official’s in Barangay
San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur along with dispute settlement
Challenges faced by the barangay officials in implementing the ADR mechanisms 48

in resolving disputes among the residents in the locality.
Solutions can be offered to address the effectiveness of the ADR mechanisms 50

in reducing disputes among the residents in the locality.
Policy recommendations can be made to improve the effectiveness of 53

ADR mechanisms in resolving disputes in the locality
viii
CHAPTER V. SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 57
Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, educational

attainment, occupation, status, and monthly income of the family.
Findings 57
Conclusions 58
Recommendations 59
Programs on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism implemented by

the barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur
Findings 59
Conclusions 59
Recommendations 60
Effectiveness of the programs of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

mechanism implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay
San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur along dispute settlement
Findings 60
Conclusions 60
Recommendations 60
Challenges faced by the barangay officials in implementing the ADR

mechanisms in resolving disputes among the residents in the locality
Findings 61
Conclusions 61
Recommendations 61
Solutions can be offered to address the effectiveness of the ADR mechanisms in

reducing disputes among the residents in the locality
Findings 61
Conclusions 62
ix
Recommendations 62
Policy recommendations can be made to improve the effectiveness of

Findings 62
Conclusions 63
Recommendations 63
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
DOCUMENTATION
CURRICULUM VITAE
x
LIST OF TABLES
Table Description Page
1.1 Distribution of Respondents 32
2.1 Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age 36
2.2 Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of gender 37
2.3 Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of educational 38

Attainment
2.4 Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of occupation 39
2.5 Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of civil status 41
2.6 Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of monthly 42

income of the family
3.1 Programs on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism 43
4.1 Effectiveness of the programs of the Alternative Dispute 46
Resolution (ADR) mechanism implemented by the barangay
officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur along
dispute settlement.
5.1 Challenges faced by the barangay officials in implementing the 48
ADR mechanisms in resolving disputes among the residents
in the locality.
6.1 Solutions can be offered to address the effectiveness of the ADR 50
mechanisms in reducing disputes among the residents in the
locality.
7.1 Policy recommendations can be made to improve theeffectiveness 53
of ADR mechanisms in resolving disputes in the locality
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Description Page
1 Theoretical Framework 12
2 Conceptual Framework 14
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
In today's world, globalization and commercialization have become prominent
due to technological advancements. This shift has significantly altered communication
and business practices. Now, individuals can easily connect, engage in negotiations,
and resolve conflicts regardless of their geographical location. The conventional
approach of going to court, filing legal documents, and waiting for lengthy court
hearings has become impractical and time-consuming for most people. Consequently,
traditional litigation methods are gradually being replaced by alternative dispute
resolution (ADR) mechanisms. This transition is primarily driven by the inefficiencies
and limitations associated with the litigation process.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms have emerged as substitutes
to court litigation for resolving disputes. ADR encompasses techniques such as
mediation, arbitration, and negotiation, which present a less confrontational means of
conflict resolution. These methods have gained acknowledgment and approval due to
their cost-effectiveness, efficiency, flexibility, and emphasis on relationship
preservation. ADR has witnessed greater implementation in various sectors, including
business, family matters, and community disputes.
In recent times, there has been a growing interest in the use of ADR methods at
the local level, particularly within local communities and barangays. Barangays, which
are the smallest administrative units in the Philippines, play a crucial role in resolving
conflicts among residents. The effectiveness of ADR methods implemented by

2
barangay officials in resolving disputes has become a topic of great interest and
significance. By providing a platform for open communication and negotiation, ADR
methods allow residents to address their concerns and find solutions that everyone can
agree on, thereby promoting harmony and social unity within the community.
The implementation of the Arbitration Law in 1953 supported the fact that non-
judicial means were being used to resolve disputes in the nation, which is referred to as
"alternative dispute resolution" or ADR. This legislation intended to restore the use of
non-judicial means, with arbitration being seen as a secondary or voluntary alternative
to the traditional judicial courts.
In 1978, President Marcos established the Katarungang Pambaranggay
(Community-based justice system, or Barangay Justice System) through Presidential
Decree 1508. This law made it mandatory to use mediation, conciliation, and arbitration
in certain types of disputes within the barangay, which is the smallest unit of local
government. The Department of Interior and Local Government was given the
responsibility of directing and supervising this system, which was later integrated into
the Local Government Code.
Section 1 of Republic Act No. 9285, also known as the "Alternative Dispute
Resolution Act of 2004," is the primary legislation in the Philippines that governs
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms. This law strongly promotes the
use of ADR methods, such as mediation, conciliation, and arbitration, as effective
alternatives to traditional court litigation for resolving disputes. Additionally, it
establishes the Philippine Dispute Resolution Center, which acts as the central authority
responsible for accrediting, regulating, and supervising ADR practitioners and
organizations nationwide. The law provides comprehensive guidelines and procedures

3
for implementing ADR processes, including ensuring the confidentiality of
proceedings, enforcing settlement agreements, and recognizing and enforcing arbitral
awards. Additionally, it fervently encourages the seamless integration of ADR
mechanisms into the justice system and tirelessly promotes public awareness and
education regarding the multitude of benefits and advantages that ADR offers in the
resolution of disputes.
However, despite the potential benefits of ADR mechanisms, some challenges
and limitations need to be addressed. These include issues of accessibility, awareness,
and the capacity of barangay officials to effectively facilitate the resolution process.
Additionally, cultural and social factors may influence the willingness of individuals to
engage in ADR and accept its outcomes. Therefore, it is essential to examine the
effectiveness of ADR mechanisms implemented by barangay officials in resolving
disputes among residents in specific contexts, such as Barangay San Isidro, Bula,
Camarines Sur.
This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of ADR mechanisms
implemented by barangay officials in resolving disputes among residents in Barangay
San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. The study will explore the various ADR methods
employed by barangay officials, including mediation, arbitration, and negotiation, and
assess their impact on the resolution of conflicts. It will also examine the factors that
influence the success or failure of ADR processes, such as the level of awareness and
understanding of ADR among residents, the accessibility of ADR services, and the
capacity of barangay officials to effectively facilitate the resolution process.
By conducting this research, policymakers, barangay officials, and stakeholders
will gain valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of ADR mechanisms in
4
Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. The findings will contribute to the
development of strategies and interventions to enhance the effectiveness of ADR in
resolving disputes at the community level. Ultimately, the research aims to promote a
more harmonious and peaceful community by providing a comprehensive
understanding of the role and impact of ADR mechanisms in resolving conflicts among
residents.
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Alternative Dispute
Resolution (ADR) mechanism implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay San
Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur.
Specifically, the study aims to address the following research questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1. Age,
1.2. Gender,
1.3. Educational Attainment,
1.4. Occupation,
1.5. Civil Status, and
1.6. monthly income of the family?
2. What are the programs on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism
implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines
Sur?
5
3. What is the effectiveness of the programs of the Alternative Dispute Resolution
(ADR) mechanism implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro,
Bula, Camarines Sur along:
2.1. dispute settlement?
4. What are the challenges encountered by the barangay officials in the
implementation of the Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms in the
locality?
5. What solutions can be offered to address the effectiveness of the Alternative
Dispute Resolution mechanisms in reducing disputes among the residents in the
locality?
6. What policy recommendations can be made to improve the effectiveness of
Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms in resolving disputes in the locality?
Objective of the Study
The objectives of this study are designed to address the effectiveness of
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism implemented by the barangay
officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur.
The specific objectives are:
1. Determine the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender,
educational attainment, occupation, status, and monthly income of the family.
2. Identify the programs on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms
implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines
Sur
6
2. Assess the effectiveness of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) programs
implemented by barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur,
specifically in facilitating dispute settlement.
3. Analyze the challenges encountered by the barangay officials in implementing
the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms in the locality.
4. Propose solutions to address the challenges and improve the effectiveness of the
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms in reducing disputes among
the residents in the locality.
5. Provide policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms in resolving disputes in the
locality.
Significance of the Study
The results of the study will be of great benefit to the following:
Residents. The residents of Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur are also a
significant audience for this research as it can help them understand the effectiveness
of the ADR mechanisms and potentially lead to more satisfactory outcomes in resolving
their disputes.
Barangay Officials. The findings of this study can benefit the barangay officials
in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur by providing insights and
recommendations to improve their ADR mechanisms and enhance their effectiveness
in resolving disputes.
7
Community. The result helps them to understand the effectiveness of Alternative
Dispute Resolution (ADR)mechanism implemented by the barangay officials in
resolving disputes among the residents at the Barangay level.
The Local Government Units (LGU) and policymakers in Camarines Sur.
Can find the research significant as it can inform their decision-making processes
regarding the implementation and improvement of ADR mechanisms at the barangay
level.
Future Researchers. Researchers and scholars in the field of dispute resolution
and community development can benefit from this research as it contributes to the
existing literature on ADR mechanisms and provides insights into their effectiveness in
a specific barangay setting.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This research will be conducted to be able to identify the effectiveness of
officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. The study will be limited to the
residents of and barangay officials of Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur and
will not include other barangays or areas in Camarines Sur.

8
Theoretical Framework
This chapter presents the theories that will guide the researcher in this study.
John Burton, Conflict Resolution Theory.
Most common viewpoint on Conflict resolution, management, and settlement.
Involves the use of alternative dispute resolution skills to control or restrict conflict,
while settlement relies on authoritative and legal processes and can be enforced by those
in power. This theory posits that conflict resolution aims to end conflict through
analytical methods that address the root cause of the problem. Unlike mere management
or settlement, conflict resolution seeks to achieve a lasting solution that is perceived as
permanent by the parties involved.
Burrhus Frederic Skinner, Theory of Behaviorism.
According to behaviorism, a radical variant of which was put forward by
Skinner, all behavior is no more than a response to external stimuli and believed that
internal processes, like observable behavior, can be controlled by environmental
variables and thus can be analyzed scientifically. On the other hand, behaviorism is a
study of how controlled changes to a subject’s environment affect the subject’s
observable behavior. The person is acted upon by their environment, forming
associations between stimuli and changing behavior based on those associations.
Vamik Volkan, Enemy System Theory.
The central tenet of the Enemy System Theory postulates that human beings
possess an inherent and profound psychological inclination towards categorizing the
world into dichotomies, thereby establishing both adversaries and allies. This
9
phenomenon manifests itself at both the individual and collective level, representing an
unconscious impulse that significantly influences our conscious interactions,
particularly within the context of our societal affiliations. The extent to which
individuals identify with specific ethnic or national groups largely dictates their manner
of engagement with individuals belonging to their in-groups, as well as those associated
with out-groups. How the masses perceive themselves and their relationships with the
groups they are affiliated with plays a pivotal role in determining whether their
interactions will be characterized by cooperation, competition, or conflict. As such, the
theory amalgamates concepts from individual and group psychology, in conjunction
with international relations theory.
Albert Bandura, Self-efficiency Theory.
The particular set of beliefs of the person determines how well one can
implement an action plan in future situations (Bandura, 1977). Self-efficiency, as
invented by Albert Bandura, can be achieved by applying the following strategies,
emphasizing peer models, seeking feedback, encouraging participation, and enabling
people to make their own decisions. These strategies may also be applied to the
activities of barangay officials as mediators in their respective barangays. As practiced
in the barangays, each barangay official is assigned as a mediator for a given day, so
that everyone should play a role and encourage participation. During mediation, they
are asked to make their own decisions by resolving conflicts. Feedback also encourages
the improvement of the community and to emphasize the peer model, the Barangay
captain takes the first step in this regard.
The above-mentioned theories by John Burton, Burrhus Frederic Skinner,
Vamik Volkan, and Albert Bandura emphasize the rational viewpoint on the
10
effectiveness of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism. Consequently,
John Burton's Conflict Resolution Theory emphasizes the importance of addressing the
underlying causes of conflicts and finding mutually acceptable solutions. This theory
has contributed to the study of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms by
highlighting the need for parties to engage in constructive dialogue, identify common
interests, and work towards collaborative problem-solving rather than adversarial
approaches. Burrhus Frederic Skinner's Theory of Behaviorism focuses on the role of
reinforcement and conditioning in shaping human behavior. In the context of ADR, this
theory has contributed to understanding the importance of positive reinforcement and
incentives in encouraging parties to engage in mediation or arbitration processes
voluntarily. It emphasizes the use of rewards and positive experiences to promote
cooperation and resolution.
Vamik Volkan's Enemy System Theory explores the dynamics of intergroup
conflicts and the role of collective identities in fueling hostility. This theory has
contributed to the study of ADR mechanisms by highlighting the significance of
addressing deep-rooted animosities and promoting reconciliation between conflicting
parties. It emphasizes the need to understand the psychological and emotional
dimensions of conflicts and the importance of fostering empathy and understanding.
Albert Bandura, Self-efficiency Theory emphasizes that a person's beliefs about their
abilities significantly impact their ability to implement action plans in future situations.
By applying strategies such as peer modeling, feedback-seeking, encouraging
participation, and enabling decision-making, individuals can achieve self-efficacy and
improve conflict resolution and community development.
The theories of John Burton, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, and Vamik Volkan have
all contributed to the study of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms by

11
providing valuable insights into the underlying causes of conflicts and the
psychological factors that influence human behavior. John Burton's Conflict Resolution
Theory emphasizes the importance of addressing the root causes of conflicts and
finding mutually acceptable solutions, which aligns with the collaborative problem-
solving approach of ADR. Burrhus Frederic Skinner's Theory of Behaviorism
highlights the role of positive reinforcement and incentives in encouraging voluntary
engagement in ADR processes, emphasizing the use of rewards and positive
experiences to promote cooperation and resolution. Vamik Volkan's Enemy System
Theory sheds light on the dynamics of intergroup conflicts and the significance of
addressing deep-rooted animosities, emphasizing the need for empathy and
understanding in promoting reconciliation between conflicting parties. Moreover, the
application of Bandura's self-efficiency theory and these strategies in the study of
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) can enhance the effectiveness of mediation
practices and contribute to the improvement of community conflict resolution
processes. Overall, these theories contribute to a better understanding of the
psychological and emotional dimensions of conflicts and provide valuable guidance for
the effective implementation of ADR mechanisms.

12
Conflict Resolution Theory
John Burton (1969)
THE EFFECTIVENESS Enemy

Theory of OF ALTERNATIVE
Behaviorism DISPUTE System
RESOLUTION (ADR) Theory
MECHANISMS
Burrhus IMPLEMENTED BY
Frederic THE BARANGAY Vamik
OFFICIALS IN Volkan
Skinner BARANGAY SAN
(1938) ISIDRO, BULA, (1980)
CAMARINES SUR
Self - efficiency Theory
Albert Bandura (1977)
Figure 1
The Theoretical Framework
13
Conceptual Framework
The researcher will use INPUT, PROCESS, and OUTPUT in the formulation
of the conceptual framework to show the flow of the study.
Input. The statement of the problem of the study will be written, focusing on
evaluating various aspects to achieve a comprehensive outcome. The researcher will
evaluate different factors related to the effectiveness of ADR mechanisms in Barangay
San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur.
Process. In the conduct of the study the following will be made by the
researcher, the researcher will formulate a title for the study and submit it to the research
adviser for comments and suggestions. Suggestions and comments from the adviser
will be integrated into the study. The researcher will draft and revise a questionnaire
based on the adviser's suggestions. The copies of the questionnaire will be reproduced.
A pretest will be conducted to ensure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire.
The questionnaire will be validated to ensure its effectiveness in gathering relevant data.
The final step will involve the administration of the questionnaires to the respondents.
Output. Upon completion of the study, the researcher will be able to determine
policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution
(ADR) mechanisms in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. These
recommendations will be based on the findings and analysis of the study.

14
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 Demographic
profile of the
respondents in terms
of Age, Gender,  Formulation of
Educational Title
Attainment,
Occupation, Status,  Submission to
and monthly income
of the family.
research adviser
for comments
 Programs on and suggestions
Alternative Dispute
Resolution (ADR)  Revision
mechanism
implemented by the  Formulation of
barangay officials in questionnaire
 Propose
Barangay San Isidro,
Bula, Camarines Sur.  Submission to
research adviser recommendations
 Effectiveness of for comments
the programs of the to improve the
Alternative Dispute
and suggestions
Resolution (ADR)
mechanism
 Revision and effectiveness of
implemented by the integration of
barangay officials in suggestions ADR mechanisms
Barangay San Isidro,
Bula, Camarines Sur  Reproduction of
in resolving
along: Dispute Copies of the
settlement. questionnaire
disputes in the
 Challenges faced  Pretest and
by the barangay
validation locality.
officials in
implementing the
ADR mechanisms in
 Administration
resolving disputes of
among the residents questionnaires
of Barangay San
Isidro in Bula,  Distribution of
Camarines Sur.
 Solutions can be
questionnaires
offered to address the to respondents
effectiveness of the
Alternative Dispute  Collecting and
Resolution analyzing data
mechanisms in
reducing disputes gathered.
among the residents
in the locality
Figure 2
The Conceptual Framework
15
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of the readers, the researcher defined the following
words in their conceptual and operational meanings.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) refers to a set of methods or processes
used to resolve disputes outside of the traditional court system. These methods include
negotiation, mediation, and arbitration.
Arbitration means a voluntary dispute resolution process in which one or more
arbitrators, appointed under the agreement of the parties, or rules promulgated, resolve
a dispute by rendering an award.
An arbitrator refers to the person appointed to render an award, alone or with
others, in a dispute that is the subject of an arbitration agreement.
Barangay Officials are local government officials in the Philippines who are
responsible for governing and providing services to a specific barangay, which is the
smallest administrative division in the country.
Barangay San Isidro is a specific barangay located in Bula, Camarines Sur, a
province in the Philippines.
Mediation means a voluntary process in which a mediator, selected by the
disputing parties, facilitates communication and negotiation, and assists the parties in
reaching a voluntary agreement regarding a dispute.
A mediator refers to a person who conducts mediation.
Negotiation is the process of reaching an agreement or settlement between two
or more parties through discussion and compromise.

16
A negotiator is an individual or party who engages in the process of negotiation
to resolve a dispute or conflict.
Residents are individuals who live in a particular area or community, in this
case, Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur in the Philippines.
Resolving disputes refers to finding a solution or settlement to conflicts or
disagreements between parties involved in a dispute

Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the various readings, related literature, and studies that
will be directly or indirectly relevant to the study. The following literature and studies
will provide clarity, depth, and insights into the aspects discussed in this study.
Related Literature
Local
Bagshaw, D., & Stud, D. S. (2017) argued that one of the key factors in
promoting economic development in Asia is the design of an alternative dispute
resolution (ADR) model that is culturally conscious. To effectively address conflicts in
Asia, it is crucial to consider the region's unique traditions and values. Merely adopting
Western standards of conflict resolution may prove to be inadequate in accommodating
the distinct approach that Asians have toward resolving conflicts. Therefore,
international business mediation and arbitration processes must be sensitive to the
cultural requirements and expectations of the parties involved. By doing so, it is
possible to prevent culture-related issues from arising and hindering the resolution of
disputes.
Nestor (2016) barangay represents the government at the grass root level. They
are considered the epitome of what the government can offer and are the court of first
help of the general populace.
The Republic Act 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991 expanded the
scope and powers of the Katarungang Pambarangay or the Barangay Justice System
18
designed not merely to decongest the courts of cases but to address inequalities in
access to justice, particularly experienced by marginalized communities. The
Barangays, being the basic political unit in the country., are in the most strategic
position to facilitate the resolution or mediation of community and family disputes,
alongside their mandate to deliver basic services.
According to the local rules implementing the custody, and visitation mediation
program in judicial district 16B the purpose of the custody and mediation program is to
provide the services of a skilled mediator to parties that are involved in a custody and
visitation dispute. All mediation services shall be provided by a mediator trained in
facilitating dispute resolution who has been employed by the Chief District Court Judge
to mediate all custody and visitation cases in the district. The goal of the program is the
reduction of stress and anxiety experienced by children despite the separation and to
begin an educational process that will help parties recognize and meet the changing
needs of their children. A successful mediation will help the parties reach a parenting
agreement and reduce it to writing. Furthermore, the process should enable the parties
to develop skills enabling them to resolve future problems without recourse to the
courts.
Foreign
Aptaprava (2023) Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a method used to
resolve conflicts between two parties outside of the traditional legal system. The current
judicial system is expensive and time-consuming, resulting in parties waiting for years
to obtain justice. This lengthy and costly trial process has led to a decrease in public
trust in the court system. As a result, individuals involved in disputes are choosing ADR
as it provides a faster and more affordable way to achieve justice. Judges, lawyers, and
19
parties worldwide have shifted their preference towards ADR instead of court litigation.
Arbitration institutions offer ADR services that allow for the expedited, cost-effective,
and mutually agreed-upon resolution of civil disputes, thereby reducing the burden on
the overwhelmed court system. ADR facilitates communication between the parties
involved, assisting them in addressing the underlying concerns that drive the dispute.
ADR is effective in resolving various disputes, including consumer complaints, family
matters, construction issues, and business conflicts. It is widely used for different civil
disputes brought before the courts. When civil proceedings are initiated, lawyers guide
the formal process managed by the courts, leaving the parties waiting for the court's
decision. The outcome remains uncertain, and additional appeals or proceedings may
prolong the implementation of the court's ruling.
Edzii (2018) concluded that dispute resolution a solution to interpersonal and
group conflict in West Africa? In the case of Ghana. Although there has been much
controversy over the resolution of the civil war and the political crisis in West Africa,
interpersonal and group conflicts continue to threaten the stability and security of the
countries of the sub-region. These countries are now described as having weak
institutions, infrastructure, and human resources, which are essential to solving the root
causes of conflicts. Given the difficulties referred to in the above structures and
agencies, the research was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of ADRs in West
Africa using Ghana as a case study. Donor partners such as UNDP and the World Bank
have suggested that ADR is a way to manage conflict dysfunction with its various
mechanisms. Since 2005, the Judicial Service has adopted the ADR mechanisms as part
of its comprehensive structural reform. ADR Act 798 (2010) is the legal framework of
the ADR aimed at promoting justice for all by providing timely, faster, and more
affordable services to restore confidence in the formal judicial system. The study
20
proved that most Ghanaians had a high level of ADR and that it was effective in
resolving interpersonal and group conflicts by restoring, reconciling, and repairing
strained relationships between the parties. The witnesses are prepared to recommend
ADR to other persons when their case is resolved. Despite the emphasis on the
advantages of DR, its application remains limited due to limited resources, insufficient
centers, continuing political interference, and a lack of qualified professionals. Given
the immense benefits of the ADR mechanism, the study recommended strengthening
education and sensibilization among Ghanaians, greater training, especially among
potential lawyers, review of laws to modify the provisions of the governing council,
and dissociating the ADR from politics.
Abbasy (2022) Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) was successful in
settling civil disputes outside of court, offering cost-effectiveness and quicker
resolution compared to litigation. However, ADR remains underused in England and
Wales, which is a significant issue due to the increasing expense of litigation and
limited funding options. The majority of cases that come to court are of small value,
and individuals, especially Litigants in Person, are often not well-informed about ADR
options. This study analyzes English laws and measures in place to promote ADR,
identifies reasons for the low uptake, and seeks to fill the gap in analyzing the
effectiveness of these measures. It argues for a balanced relationship between litigation
and ADR within the English civil justice system.
Shaw (2016) Alternative dispute settlement(ADR) has been used to resolve
conflicts in more modern forms around the world for centuries and has existed in more
modern forms for more than four decades. Despite its long history and widespread use,
the ADR is still a contested illegal component of the judicial system. This challenge
21
has not been ignored and has been fought vigorously. Much of the subsequent debate
focused on the comparison between this “alternative” form of justice and what is often
referred to as the most traditional form of appeal. This paper addresses the long-
standing claim that ADR undermines the rule of law in the context of this debate.
Specifically, it seeks to determine whether ADR and the rule of law can be reconciled.
This is done by first examining and analyzing the arguments made in favor and against
the ADR in this respect. After this analysis, it proposed that arbitration and the rule of
law could be reconciled by the symbiotic relationship between arbitration and the ruling
of modern courts. This theory was then proven by case-study studies examining New
Zealand’s practice of repentance in the adult criminal justice system. The paper notes
that ADR plays an essential role in modern justice, including providing broader justice
through comprehensive and comprehensive dispute resolution opportunities, and is
established as an essential component of modern justice. It concludes that ADR does
not undermine the rule of law and that both can be reconciled.
Zhang (2015) Revisited people’s mediation in china practice, performance, and
challenges. In China, the term people’s mediation generally refers to folk mediation
sponsored by people’s mediation committees., in which parties to disputes are brought
together for conciliation, based on the laws and norms of social morality. The goal of
people’s mediation is to promote mutual understanding to reach voluntary agreements
to settle disputes and realize a harmonious society.
Islam (2019) These village courts were inducted as an accessible, fair, and
affordable alternative to both the formal judicial system and traditional Shalish, but
experience since 2006 has shown that they have fair flaws and require further reform.
Drawing on popular perceptions in Bangladeshi villages, this study finds that more
22
attention should be paid to access for poor and otherwise vulnerable people, procedural
fairness shielding litigants from local power structures, and matters of effectiveness.
Only then can village courts truly fulfill their promise of providing redress for those
most in need of social justice and human security.
Avolio, et al. (2017) examined the relative explanatory powers of the age and
total years of experience in an occupation for predicting supervisory ratings of work
performance. As predicted, results indicated that experience was a better predictor of
performance than age. A breakdown of jobs into five occupational groupings revealed
a moderating effect for occupational type. Findings also showed that age and experience
exhibit nonlinear relationships with performance.
Related Studies
Local
Pajimola, et, al. (2023) conducted a descriptive study on the compliance and
competencies of arbitrators, conciliators, and mediators within the Barangay Justice
System. The study involved 1,774 members of Lupong Tagapamayapa from 171
barangays in 20 municipalities in the Province of La Union. Data was collected through
a questionnaire that included a compliance checklist and multiple-choice questions to
assess knowledge. The researchers validated the compliance answers through informal
interviews and documentary reviews. Analysis of the data was performed using
frequency counts and percentages. This study focused on the compliance and
competencies related to the Katarungang Pambarangay law in La Union. Results
revealed that certain barangays exhibit non-compliance with the law and possess
limited understanding, as evidenced by their poor performance on the examination.

23
Metillo, E. J. B, et, al. (2022) conducted a qualitative research study titled "The
Tales of Barangay Officials in Resolving Community Disputes". The study involved
individuals who reside or work in the barangay, are members of the lupon
tagamapayapa, and voluntarily participated by signing an informed consent form. The
research was conducted in Ozamiz City, a 3rd class component city in the province of
Misamis Occidental, Northern Mindanao, Philippines. The data collection methods
used in the study included survey questionnaires and exclusive interviews, employing
snowball and purposive sampling techniques. The study's findings and conclusions
strongly suggest that barangay officials should maintain a positive mindset to
effectively settle disputes and administer justice. Despite the challenges of dealing with
opponents' temper, barangay officials remain focused on resolving differences and
reaching negotiated agreements that benefit all parties involved. This approach has
proven successful in achieving peaceful resolutions without resorting to litigation.
Morrisett, et al (2016) made a study the extent to which a mediator’s gender
may influence the disputing individuals’ view of the mediations. An examination of
existing studies indicated that in general male mediators were perceived as more
favorable than female counterparts. Different perceptions could be the result of either
behavioral differences between men and women or the stereotypes that disputants may
hold regarding males and females. Lupong tagapamayapa members are mostly males,
with barangays even having 100% male of Lupon Tagapamayapa members. Women
are a minority, with only one barangay surveyed having half of its Lupong
Tagapamayapa as females.
Vecaldo et, al. (2015) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of Bodong
as an alternative dispute resolution in Kalinga province, Philippines. The study

24
involved 305 respondents, including local officials, court employees, law enforcers, and
tribal leaders. The researchers used a survey questionnaire to collect data and used
weighted mean to determine the extent of the effectiveness of Bodong and the
seriousness of the problems encountered. The findings of the study significantly support
the notion that Bodong is an effective system for maintaining peace, as it does not
contradict existing laws.
Acabo, J. G, et al. (2021) focused on the evaluation of dispute resolution and
its effectiveness in the Municipality of Buenavista. Through the utilization of the
descriptive research method, the researchers were able to gather data from 120 lupon
tagapamayapa/barangay captains. These captains were found to mostly be at the age of
51 and above years old, with a majority being college graduates and males.
Furthermore, it was observed that they had attended 5-9 trainings and had an average
experience of 3-5 years as a lupon tagapamayapa. The findings also highlighted that
out of the 10 barangays surveyed, 5 had reported cases related to slander, 4 had an
average of 26-50 cases per year, 3 had settled 16-30 cases, and 10 had unresolved cases
amounting to 46. The data for this study was obtained through a questionnaire. The
main objective of this research is to assess the effectiveness of arbitration, conciliation,
and mediation in implementing their roles as dispute resolution mechanisms in the
Municipality of Buenavista.
Lim, C. L. S. (2019) conducted a case study examining the practices of the
Katarungang Pambarangay in the administration of the barangay justice system in
selected barangays in Iloilo City. The study aimed to explore the firsthand experiences
of Punong Barangays in implementing the Katarungang Pambarangay or Barangay
Justice System, as mandated by Republic Act No. 7160, also known as the Local
25
Government Code of 1991. To provide guidelines for the Katarungang Pambarangay,
the Department of Justice promulgated the Katarungang Pambarangay Rules on June
1, 1992. The Katarungang Pambarangay System is designed to improve access to
justice for those who choose not to pursue traditional adversarial litigation in court,
allowing petty disputes at the Barangay level to be promptly resolved. Its benefits
include unclogging court dockets, expediting case disposition, enhancing access to
justice, and involving the community in dispute resolution. Through the system, parties
involved in a dispute have the discretion to reach their agreements within the Barangay
without resorting to court litigation. Thus, the Barangay plays a role not only in
executive and legislative functions but also in judicial matters. The study utilized an
Appropriate Research Design, employing qualitative methods such as interviews with
Punong Barangays in Jaro, Iloilo City, to gather information on common practices of
the Katarungang Pambarangay and its impact on the legal system. The results of the
interviews, along with the review of related studies and examination of relevant laws,
were analyzed through a narrative approach. The qualitative descriptive
phenomenology design was employed, and data saturation was achieved after
interviewing five Punong Barangays. The findings indicated that parties involved in a
case would only turn to Lupon proceedings as a last resort. All five of the Punong
Barangays interviewed stated that disputes are resolved discreetly to prevent the need
for Lupon proceedings, which could potentially lead to court interventions.
Foreign
Dasylva, W. (2017) explored the opinions of academic scholars on the use of
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes in commercial transactions,
specifically in resolving disputes arising from mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in

26
Canada. The study utilizes a qualitative research methodology with participants from
different provinces across Canada, including M&A practitioners and ADR specialists.
The research evaluates the use of mediation and arbitration, the major types of ADR
processes, and highlights the limited utilization of ADR processes in M&A
transactions. The study also identifies the reasons behind this limited use and proposes
ways to enhance the utilization of ADR for M&A disputes.
Swaniker, A. J. (2019) Master of Laws dissertation examines the efficacy of
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in labor disputes in Botswana, South Africa, and
Zimbabwe. The study acknowledges the growing interest in ADR as an alternative to
court processes for resolving disputes. It addresses the challenges of defining, scoping,
and methodological approaches to studying ADR. The study adopts the perspective that
ADR involves an impartial third party facilitating resolution outside the court system.
The study measures the effectiveness of ADR in the three countries based on specific
criteria. It finds that while all three countries have room for improvement, South Africa
has made significant progress in establishing structures for enforcing industrial
democracy. Botswana and Zimbabwe took longer to establish similar frameworks.
South Africa has also established an independent body for labor dispute settlement,
while Botswana and Zimbabwe have their own approaches.
Musonda, H. M. (2015) examined the concept of Alternative Dispute
Resolution (ADR) and its application in the Zambian construction industry. The
research aims to understand the nature and extent of ADR usage in the industry and
identify key issues relevant to its future development in Zambia. The study utilizes
research methods such as preliminary interviews, questionnaire surveys, and case
studies to gather data from stakeholders and those involved in ADR processes. The
27
findings reveal that ADR is not widely used in the construction industry in Zambia due
to obstacles such as lack of knowledge and awareness, absence of appropriate rules and
guidance, lack of standard procedures and regulations, and issues of inequality and non-
compliance.
Weinberg, J. (2020) explored the incorporation of alternative dispute
resolution (ADR) teaching in Australian clinical legal education. The study recognizes
the growing dominance of ADR in Australian legal practice and the need for clinic
students to be knowledgeable about ADR to provide effective advice to clients on cost-
effective options for resolving cases without litigation. The study emphasizes the
importance of incorporating dispute resolution teaching into clinical legal education to
enhance access to justice. The thesis provides recommendations on how to better
integrate ADR teaching into clinical legal education to promote access to justice.
Musukubili, F. Z. (2017) examined the provisions of relevant international
labor standards on labor dispute resolution and their adequacy in the context of Namibia
and South Africa. The study argues that ratifying specific International Labour
Organization (ILO) conventions creates obligations for compliance with their
provisions and the establishment of credible and trusted alternative dispute resolution
(ADR) systems. The study adopts a comparative approach, analyzing the South African
ADR system and its potential influence on Namibia's newly adopted ADR system. It
highlights similarities and differences between the two systems and emphasizes the
importance of resolving disputes at the conciliation level. The study also identifies gaps
between the legal framework and the practical implementation of the ADR system,
hindering effective and efficient labor dispute resolution. The study advocates for quick
and informal resolution of disputes, without procedural complexities and delays. On

28
the other hand, the study found that while the 2007 Labor Law and the South African
Labour Relations Law(LRA)make legal disputes in the hands of ordinary workers,
these laws may increase the problems related to disputes in each country. These statutes
create sophisticated dispute resolution systems that are not well implemented because
most of the actors are involved in complex and technical disputes.
Chabo, G. (2020) the system of mutual and friendly settlement of disputes
outside courts through alternative dispute settlement(ADR)methods is inherent in each
society. The ADR system prevails and is practiced before the establishment of the court
system. ADR mechanisms are more advantageous than litigation, because they reduce
costs, save time, avoid procedural complexity, prevent the explosion of court
proceedings, and, most importantly, encourage the parties involved in disputes to
resolve their disputes mutually and friendly, thereby preserving peace and harmony in
society. ADR methods have also enabled people to obtain justice for physical, mental,
or financial disabilities. Because of these advantages, ADR has been introduced into
almost all national justice systems. In recent years, in Bhutan, the ADR mechanism has
been particularly focused on avoiding problems associated with adversarial dispute
management systems and guaranteeing every citizen basic rights to justice.
Kamarudin, F. (2014) dispute resolution in strata schemes in Peninsular
Malaysia should focus on much more than just "settlement." The quality of the
outcome, its sustainability, and its relevance in supporting the basic principles of a good
neighborhood and self-governance in a strata scheme are also of utmost importance.
Drawing from the comprehensive law movement, this thesis constructs a theoretical
framework for resolving strata scheme disputes within the parameters of therapeutic
jurisprudence, preventive law, alternative dispute resolution (ADR), and problem-

29
solving courts. The therapeutic orientation of this model presents approaches that foster
positive communication between conflicting parties, uphold neighborly relations, and
enhance individuals' psychological and emotional well-being.
Rehman et, al. (2019) conducted a study to examine the mediating role of
innovative culture and organizational learning in the relationship between leadership
styles and organizational performance in Malaysian SMEs. The researchers employed
questionnaires to gather data from owners/managers, distributing a total of 950
questionnaires through postal and email channels. Of the 950 questionnaires
distributed, only 409 were returned, with 25 of them containing missing values and
consequently eliminated from the sample. Ultimately, the final analysis was based on a
sample size of 384 questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that leadership
styles exert a significant influence on organizational performance. Furthermore, the
mediating variables of innovative culture and organizational learning were found to
significantly mediate the relationship between leadership styles and organizational
performance. From a practical standpoint, this study provides valuable insights for
managers and owners of SMEs, emphasizing the importance of leadership styles that
promote an innovative culture and contribute to organizational performance. This study
stands out as one of the pioneering works that explores leadership styles in a third-order
manner, incorporating the mediating variables of innovative culture and organizational
learning with organizational performance.
Irmawati et, al. (2020) stated that compensation is a crucial element of village
governance. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of compensation on
enhancing the job performance of village officials in Mattampa Bulu Village, Lamuru
District, and Bone Regency. The research examines the extent to which compensation
plays a significant role in improving the work performance of the Mattampa Bulu
30
Village apparatus in the aforementioned districts. The selection of informants in this
study employed purposive techniques, which involved gathering primary and
secondary data through various means such as interviews, observations, and
documentation. The research was conducted using a qualitative interactive model based
on Miles and Huberman's framework, encompassing data consolidation, data
presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings of the research indicate
that, overall, the role of compensation in enhancing the work performance of the
Mattampa Bulu Village apparatus in Lamuru District, Bone Regency is deemed to be
effective, considering aspects such as salaries, incentives, and health and fitness
benefits.
Sari et, al. (2020) asserted that the objectives and accomplishments of the
village government in governance administration are clearly defined. The attainment of
these goals and achievements is contingent upon organizational effectiveness. From a
human resources perspective, the effectiveness of an organization can be discerned
through the competencies exhibited by the village officials. This research aimed to
ascertain the effectiveness of utilizing village funds by examining the mean competency
and performance of the village, as well as conducting reliability testing, classical
assumption testing, and multiple regression testing. The findings indicate that
knowledge and skills do not exert a significant influence on village management
performance, whereas the attitude variable does have a notable impact on the
performance of village management. To enhance the competence of village officials in
the Banyumas region, it is recommended that the village government provide training
tailored to the needs of the village apparatus. This would serve to augment knowledge,
understanding, and skills, thereby elevating the average proficiency in job analysis
Chapter III
RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY
This study is an essential component as it provides a systematic approach to
investigate a research question and gather relevant data. In this section, it will outline
the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques employed in
this study. By employing a rigorous and well-defined research methodology, the study
aims to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings, ultimately contributing to the
advancement of knowledge in the field.
Research Design
The descriptive type of research design will be employed in the presentation of
the rationales behind the effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution
(ADR)mechanism implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula,
Camarines Sur. A self-constructed questionnaire checklist will serve as the primary
means of data collection. In the execution of this investigation, the ensuing procedures
and protocols were meticulously observed from its inception. During the development
of the research title, the researcher will actively seek and consider the opinions and
recommendations of their advisor. Subsequently, the aforementioned suggestions and
comments shall be incorporated into the study.
Respondents of the Study
The study's participants consist of random residents and comprise a total
population of forty (40) individuals, who are residents in Barangay San Isidro, Bula,
Camarines Sur, aged between 20 and 60 and above, and belong to both male, female,
and LGBTQ genders. The study is planned to be undertaken during the year 2023-2024.
32
Table 1.1. Gender distribution of the respondents
Respondents Frequency Percentage

Male 22 54
Female 17 43
LGBTQ+ 1 3
Total 40 100
Research Locale
The research will be conducted in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur,
specifically focusing on the effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
mechanisms implemented by the barangay officials in resolving disputes among the
residents.
https://www.google.com/maps/@13.5149845,123.2630056,751m/data=!3m1!1e3?authuser=0&entry=ttu
Research Instruments
The questionnaire comprises Six (6) components. The first (1) part of the
instrument entails a simple profile of the respondents, delineating their Age, Gender,
Educational Attainment, Occupation, Civil Status, and monthly income of the family;
The second (2) part of the questionnaire aims to Identify the programs on Alternative
Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism implemented by the barangay officials in

33
Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur; The Third (3) aims to assess the
effectiveness of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) programs implemented by
barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur, specifically in
promoting peace and order and facilitating dispute settlement.; The Fourth (4) aims to
analyze the challenges encountered by the barangay officials in implementing the
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms in the locality; The fifth (5) part of
the questionnaire aims propose feasible solutions to address the challenges and improve
the effectiveness of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms in reducing
disputes among the residents in the locality; The Sixth (6) part of the questionnaire
provide policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of Alternative
Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms in resolving disputes in the locality. The
researcher employed a face-to-face approach in disseminating the questionnaire to
address the concerns of the respondents.
Sampling Techniques
In the process of characterizing respondents based on their Age, Gender,
Educational Attainment, Occupation, Status, and monthly income of the family, the
research employed the methodology of Simple Percentage Calculation.
Simple Percentage Calculation
Formula:
R
𝑃= 𝑋100
N
Where:
P = percentage
R = number of responses
N = total number of respondents

34
The utilization of weighted mean and rank was employed to ascertain the
challenges, solutions, and policy recommendations to address the effectiveness of
officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. The calculation of the weighted
mean is determined by the formula utilized for computation.
Formula:
∑(F ∗ w)
𝑊𝑀 =
N
Where:
WM = Weighted mean
∑ = sum of frequency and weight
F = Frequency distribution
N = Number of Respondents
W = Weight
Likert’s 5-point rating scale
Likert’s 5-point rating scale was used for data collection. The data was then
ranked from lowest to highest, with 10 being the lowest and 1 being the highest.
Additionally, the collected data was interpreted using the following rating scale:
The programs on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism
implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur.
Numerical Value Rating scale Verbal Interpretation

5 4.21-5.00 Highly Implemented (HI)
4 3.41-4.20 Well Implemented (WI)
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Implemented (MI)
2 1.81-2.60 Slightly Implemented (SI)
1 1.00-1.80 Not Implemented (NI)
35
The effectiveness of the programs of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
mechanism implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula,
Camarines Sur along: Dispute Settlement

5 4.21-5.00 Highly Effective (HE)
4 3.41-4.20 Effective (E)
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Effective (ME)
2 1.81-2.60 Slightly Effective (SE)
1 1.00-1.80 Not Effective (NE)
The challenges faced by the barangay officials in implementing the ADR
mechanisms in resolving disputes among the residents in the locality.

5 4.21-5.00 Very Challenging (VC)
4 3.41-4.20 Challenging (C)
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Challenging (MC)
2 1.81-2.60 Slightly Challenging (SC)
1 1.00-1.80 Not Challenging (NC)
The solutions can be offered to address the effectiveness of the ADR
mechanisms in reducing disputes among the residents in the locality.

The policy recommendations can be made to improve the effectiveness of ADR
mechanisms in resolving disputes in the locality.

5 4.21-5.00 Highly Recommended (HR)
4 3.41-4.20 Recommended (R)
3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Recommended (MR)
2 1.81-2.60 Slightly Recommended (SR)
1 1.00-1.80 Not Recommended (NR)
36
Rank
The researcher used a ranking technique in the present study to compare the
importance of the analyzed items. Ranking is a descriptive measure that utilizes
numerical data and percentages to identify the least frequent indicators in the
questionnaire.
Data Gathering Procedure
The study will employ primary data to ascertain the characteristics of the
participants, especially their Age, Gender, Educational Attainment, Occupation, Status,
and monthly income of the family. Moreover, a survey questionnaire will be utilized to
inquire about the effectiveness of the programs of the Alternative Dispute Resolution
(ADR) mechanism implemented by the barangay officials in resolving disputes among
the residents in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur, as well as the steps taken to
tackle the issue.
As a prerequisite to the study, the researcher will present a formal letter of
request to the registrar of Pili Capital College Incorporated. Afterward, the researcher
will refer to the prestigious Administration Staff of the institution. Finally, the
researcher will develop a suitable schedule for the respondents' interaction.
The questionnaire is personally will be administered by the researcher to
guarantee response accuracy. Simultaneously, the researcher will employ interactive
and verbally analytical statements as an approach method to disseminate the
questionnaire and cater to the respondents.
The purpose of the study will be communicated to the respondents, who were
provided with appropriate guidance to ensure a comprehensive and productive

37
comprehension and completion of the questionnaire. Furthermore, the confidentiality
of their responses will be fully ensured.
Upon completion of the questionnaire by the respondents, the data will be
meticulously analyzed, tabulated, and comprehensively elaborated with the specific
intention of enhancing the study's purpose and facilitating a more profound
comprehension of its findings.
Data Analysis Technique
To analyze the acquired data, the researcher will need to perform the tasks of
tallying, tabulating, and scrutinizing the data utilizing statistical tools such as
percentage analysis to create profiles of the respondents based on Age, Gender,
Educational Attainment, Occupation, Civil Status, and monthly income of the family.
Moreover, the data will undergo rigorous computations like weighted mean, rank, and
frequency distribution to effectively evaluate and analyze the data.

Chapter IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The chapter provides the results, discussion, and analysis of the study, based
on the data gathered and the survey conducted through the distributed questionnaires.
The data collected from the questionnaires was solely used to analyze and address the
problem in the study.
Table 2.1. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age
Attributes Frequency Percentage

Age
20 y/o below 5 13
21- 30 y/o 13 32
31- 40 y/o 6 15
41-50 y/o 9 22
51-60 y/o 7 18
60 y/o above 0 0
Total 40 100
Table 2.1 shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age in
Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. Based on the result of the data gathered on
age, the analysis revealed that participants ranged from 20 years old and below to 60
years old. The majority of the respondents fell within the age range of 21 to 50 years
old. With the highest percentage of Thirty-two percent 32%, being in the 21-30 age
group. While those respondents aged 60 years old and above had the lowest result
which took Zero 0% of the overall respondents.
Generally, observation prompts a critical reflection on the inclusivity and
efficacy of ADR mechanisms, emphasizing the imperative of tailored strategies to
engage diverse age groups effectively. By leveraging insights from this demographic
analysis, stakeholders can devise targeted initiatives to promote ADR awareness and
37
uptake, fostering a culture of proactive conflict resolution across generations within
Barangay San Isidro and beyond.
Furthermore, the data gathered is similar with the study of Avolio, et al (2017),
examined the relative explanatory powers of age and total years of experience in an
occupation for predicting supervisory ratings of work performance. As predicted,
results indicated that experience was a better predictor of performance than age. A
breakdown of jobs into five occupational groupings revealed a moderating effect for
occupational type. Findings also showed that age and experience exhibit nonlinear
relationships with performance.
Table 2.2. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of gender

Gender
Male 22 54
Female 17 43
LGBTQ+ 1 3
Total 40 100
Table 2.2 shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of gender
in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. Based on the result of the data gathered
with regards to gender distribution, the respondents in the study showed that 54% were
male, 43% were female, and 3% identified as LGBTQ+.
Overall, this nuanced portrayal underscores the importance of inclusivity and
sensitivity in the context of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms. By
acknowledging and accommodating the diverse perspectives and experiences of
individuals across the gender spectrum, ADR initiatives can foster an environment of
equitable dialogue, mutual respect, and effective conflict resolution. Embracing this
diversity ensures that ADR processes resonate authentically with the community,
38
empowering all members to participate meaningfully in the resolution of disputes and
the promotion of harmonious relations within Barangay San Isidro and beyond.
Moreover, similar to the study of Morrisett, et al (2016), the extent to which a
mediator’s gender may influence the disputing individuals’ view of the mediation. An
examination of existing studies indicated that in general male mediators were perceived
as more favorable than female counterparts. Different perceptions could be the result
of either behavioral differences between men and women or the stereotypes that
disputants may hold regarding males and females. Lupong tagapamayapa members are
mostly males, with barangays even having 100% male of Lupon Tagapamayapa
members. Women are a minority, with only one barangay surveyed having half of its
Lupong Tagapamayapa as females.
Table 2.3. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of educational

attainment

Educational Attainment
Primary 5 13
Secondary 20 50
Vocational Course 4 10
Post Graduate Studies 2 5
College 9 22
Total 40 100
Table 2.3 shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of
educational attainment in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. Based on the
result of the data gathered along with the educational attainment distribution of the
respondents in the study revealed that 50% had completed secondary education, 22%
had completed college, 13% had completed primary education, 10% had completed a
vocational course, and 5% had pursued post-graduate studies.

39
As a whole, in the context of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, this
diverse educational profile implies varying levels of literacy, critical thinking skills,
and capacity for dialogue and negotiation among residents. Tailoring ADR initiatives
to accommodate this diversity can enhance accessibility and effectiveness, ensuring
that all members of the community are empowered to engage constructively in
resolving disputes and fostering harmonious relationships within Barangay San Isidro
and beyond.
In relation to the study of Weinberg, J. (2020) recognizes the growing
dominance of ADR in Australian law practice and the need for medical students to
know ADR and provide effective advice to clients on cost-effective options to resolve
cases without litigation. The study stresses the importance of incorporating dispute
resolution in clinical legal education to improve access to justice. The thesis proposes
a recommendation on how best to integrate ADR education into clinical legal education
to promote access to justice.
Table 2.4. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of occupation

Occupation
Housewife 11 28
Farmer 7 17
Laborer 12 30
Teacher 1 3
Police Officer 0 0
Government Employee 9 22
Total 40 100
Table 2.4 shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of
occupation in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. Based on the result of the data
gathered concerning the occupation distribution the study showed that 30% were
40
laborers, 28% were housewives, 22% were government employees, 17% were farmers,
and 3% were teachers.
Typically, this occupational diversity underscores the need for tailored
approaches to conflict resolution that acknowledge and address the unique challenges
and perspectives inherent in each profession. By recognizing the distinct roles and
responsibilities of different occupational groups, ADR initiatives can promote inclusive
dialogue, equitable solutions, and sustainable community harmony within Barangay
San Isidro and beyond.
Consequently, Musukubili (2017) examines the provisions of relevant
international labor standards on labor dispute resolution and assesses their adequacy in
the contexts of Namibia and South Africa. The study argues that ratifying specific
International Labor Organization (ILO) conventions imposes obligations for
compliance with their provisions and the establishment of credible alternative dispute
resolution (ADR) systems. Adopting a comparative approach, the study analyzes the
South African ADR system and its potential influence on Namibia's newly adopted
ADR system. It emphasizes the importance of resolving disputes at the conciliation
level and identifies gaps between the legal framework and practical implementation of
the ADR system, hindering effective labor dispute resolution. The study advocates for
quick and informal dispute resolution without procedural complexities and delays.
However, it also acknowledges that sophisticated dispute resolution systems outlined
in the Labor Law and Labor Relations Law may increase problems related to disputes
in both countries due to their complexity and technical nature.

41
Table 2.5. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of civil status

Civil Status
Single 19 48
Married 19 48
Separated 0 0
Widow 2 4
Widower 0 0
Total 40 100
Table 2.5 shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of civil
status in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. Based on the result of the data
gathered the civil status distribution of the respondents in the study revealed that 48%
were single, 48% were married, 5% were widowed, and 0% participants were separated
or widowers.
Notably, the absence of participants identifying as separated or widowers may
signal a specific demographic characteristic within the surveyed population. In the
context of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, this demographic
diversity in civil status necessitates tailored approaches that account for the unique
dynamics and considerations inherent in different relationship statuses. By
acknowledging the complexities of interpersonal relationships and marital dynamics,
ADR initiatives can foster dialogue, understanding, and amicable resolution, thereby
promoting community cohesion and resilience within Barangay San Isidro and beyond.
Nonetheless, the main point of the study of Islam's (2019) is to highlight the
shortcomings of village courts in Bangladesh despite their initial intention to serve as
accessible, fair, and affordable alternatives to the formal judicial system and traditional
Shalish. The study emphasizes the need for further reform based on popular perceptions
in Bangladeshi villages. It argues that attention should be directed towards improving

42
access for the poor and vulnerable, ensuring procedural fairness that protects litigants
from local power dynamics, and enhancing effectiveness. Only through addressing
these issues can village courts truly deliver on their promise of providing redress for
those most in need of social justice and human security.
Table 2.6. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of monthly income of

the family

Monthly Income of the Family
5,000 PHP and below 33 82
5,001 – 15,000 PHP 5 12
15,001 - 20,000 PHP 0 0
20,001 – 25,000 PHP 1 3
25,001 – 35,000 PHP 1 3
35,001 – 45,000 PHP 0 0
45,001 PHP above 0 0
Total 40 100
Table 2.6 shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the
monthly income of the family in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur. Based on
the result of the data gathered the monthly income distribution of the respondents'
families in the study showed that 82% had a monthly income of 5,000 PHP and below,
12% had a monthly income of 15,001 - 15,000 PHP, and 3% had a monthly income of
15,001 - 20,000 PHP and 25,001 - 35,000 PHP. 0% respondents had a monthly income
of 20,001 PHP and above.
On the other hand, the analysis of the demographic profile of the respondents
revealed that This diverse age, gender, educational attainment, occupation, civil status,
and monthly income of the family distribution provides valuable insights into the
research topic, as different age groups may have varying perspectives, backgrounds,
status and experiences that can influence attitudes, behaviors, and potential differences
contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.

43
Similar to the study conducted by Irmawati et al. (2020) focuses on assessing
the impact of compensation on the job performance of village officials in Mattampa
Bulu Village, Lamuru District, Bone Regency. Using a qualitative interactive model
based on Miles and Huberman's framework, the researchers gathered primary and
secondary data through purposive techniques, including interviews, observations, and
documentation. The findings suggest that compensation, including salaries, incentives,
and health benefits, plays a significant role in enhancing the work performance of
village officials in the specified district. Overall, the study concludes that compensation
serves as a crucial element in village governance, effectively contributing to the
improvement of job performance among village apparatuses in Mattampa Bulu Village.
Table 3.1. Programs on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism

Bula, Camarines Sur
Programs Weighted Rank Verbal Interpretation

mean
1. Mediation Program 3.57 7 Well Implemented
2. Conciliation Program 3.55 8 Well Implemented
3. Arbitration Program 3.37 10 Moderately Implemented
4. Barangay Justice System 4.15 1 Well Implemented
Enhancement Program
5. Barangay Alternative Dispute 4.00 3 Well Implemented
Resolution Training Program
6. Peace and Order Mediation Program 4.10 2 Well Implemented
7. Restorative Justice Program 3.45 9 Well Implemented
8. Peer Mediation Program 3.67 6 Well Implemented
9. Environmental Conflict Resolution 3.80 4.5 Well Implemented
Program
10. Family Mediation Program 3.80 4.5 Well Implemented
Average Weighted Mean 3.74 Well Implemented
Legend:
44
Table 3.1 The data provided includes the weighted mean, ranking, and verbal
interpretation of various programs related to mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and
alternative dispute resolution. The programs have been evaluated based on their level
of implementation.
The program with the highest ranking and weighted mean is the Barangay
Justice System Enhancement Program, with a weighted mean of 4.15 and ranked at 1.
This program is Well Implemented, indicating that it is implemented to a significant
extent and has a notable impact on the target population.
On the other hand, the program with the lowest ranking is the Arbitration
Program, with a weighted mean of 3.37 and ranked at 10. This program is Moderately
Implemented, suggesting that it is implemented to some extent but may have a lesser
impact compared to the other programs.
The total mean of all the programs combined is 3.74, indicating that the overall
implementation of these programs is moderately encountered. This suggests that these
programs are being implemented to a certain extent and are contributing to the
resolution of conflicts and the promotion of alternative dispute resolution methods.
In conclusion, the highest-ranking program, the Barangay Justice System
Enhancement Program, demonstrates its effectiveness and impact in addressing
conflicts and enhancing the justice system at the barangay level. On the other hand, the
lowest-ranking program, the Arbitration Program, may require further attention and
improvement to enhance its effectiveness. The Well Implemented total mean indicates
that there is room for further development and expansion of these programs to better
address conflicts and promote alternative dispute resolution in various contexts.
This is emphasized in the case study conducted by Lim (2019) which examined
the practices of the Katarungang Pambarangay in the administration of the barangay

45
justice system in selected barangays in Iloilo City. The study aimed to explore the
firsthand experiences of Punong Barangays in implementing the Katarungang
Pambarangay or Barangay Justice System. The findings indicated that parties involved
in a case would only turn to Lupon proceedings as a last resort, and disputes are resolved
discreetly by Punong Barangays to prevent the need for court interventions.
Strengthened by the Republic Act 7160, also known as the Local Government
Code of 1991, expanded the powers of the Barangay Justice System to address
inequalities in access to justice, particularly among marginalized communities. The
Barangays, as the basic political unit in the country, are strategically positioned to
facilitate the resolution and mediation of community and family disputes. The custody
and visitation mediation program in Judicial District 16B aims to provide skilled
mediators to parties involved in custody and visitation disputes. The program's goal is
to reduce stress and anxiety experienced by children during separation, promote an
educational process for recognizing and meeting the changing needs of children, and
enable parties to develop skills for resolving future problems without resorting to the
courts.
46
Table 4.1. Effectiveness of the programs of the Alternative Dispute Resolution

(ADR) mechanism implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay
San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur along dispute settlement
Dispute Settlement Weighted Rank Verbal Interpretation

mean
1. Barangay Justice System (BJS) 5.12 1 Highly Effective
2. Barangay-level mediation centers 4.35 4.5 Highly Effective
3. Collaboration with barangay-based 4.37 2.5 Highly Effective
organizations and NGOs
4. Strengthening of Barangay Human 4.30 6.5 Highly Effective
Rights Action Centers (BHRACs)
5. Barangay-level programs for promoting 4.35 4.5 Highly Effective
gender equality and addressing gender-
based violence
6. Visibility of Barangay Tanod or 4.37 2.5 Highly Effective
Barangay Police
7. Promotion of community-based conflict 4.02 8.5 Effective
resolution mechanisms
8. Implementation of Barangay Anti- 4.02 8.5 Effective
Street Crime and Drug Abuse Council
(BASCADAC) programs
9. Collaboration with barangay health 4.15 10 Effective
centers and social welfare offices
10. Barangay-level crime prevention 4.30 6.5 Highly Effective
programs and initiatives
Average Weighted Mean 4.33 Highly Effective
Legend:

Table 4.1 Reveals that among these programs, the Barangay Justice System
(BJS) emerges as the highest-ranking program with a weighted mean of 5.12, indicating
that it is considered Highly Effective in resolving disputes. This highlights the

47
significance and success of the BJS in addressing conflicts and promoting justice within
the barangay.
On the other hand, the program with the lowest ranking is the promotion of
community-based conflict resolution mechanisms, with a weighted mean of 4.02,
signifying that it is still considered Effective. While it is effective, there may be
potential for further improvement in terms of its implementation and impact on
resolving conflicts within the community.
The total mean of all the programs is 4.33, falling under the category of Highly
effective. This suggests that these dispute settlement programs are widely implemented
and encountered within the barangay context.
These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of different
programs in settling disputes at the barangay level. The high ranking of the Barangay
Justice System highlights its importance as a successful mechanism for resolving
conflicts, while the lower ranking of community-based conflict resolution mechanisms
indicates the need for potential enhancements in this area. Policymakers and
stakeholders can utilize these findings to further develop and enhance dispute
settlement programs, ensuring effective resolution of conflicts within the barangay
community.
Similar to the point of the study by Abbasy (2022), is that Alternative Dispute
Resolution (ADR) is successful in settling civil disputes outside of court, offering cost-
effectiveness and quicker resolution compared to litigation. However, ADR remains
underused in England and Wales, which is a significant issue due to the increasing
expense of litigation and limited funding options. The majority of cases that come to
court are of small value, and individuals, especially Litigants in Person, are often not
well-informed about ADR options. The study aims to analyze English laws and
48
measures in place to promote ADR, identify reasons for the low uptake, and fill the gap
in analyzing the effectiveness of these measures. It argues for a balanced relationship
between litigation and ADR within the English civil justice system.
Table 5.1. Challenges faced by the barangay officials in implementing the ADR
mechanisms in resolving disputes among the residents in the locality
Challenges Weighted Rank Verbal Interpretation

mean
1. Lack of awareness among residents about
the availability and benefits of ADR 4.25 4 Very Challenging
mechanisms.
2. Limited resources and funding for
implementing ADR programs and services. 3.95 9 Challenging
3. Insufficient training and capacity-building
opportunities for barangay officials in ADR 4.30 2 Very Challenging
techniques.
4. Resistance or reluctance from residents to
engage in ADR processes. 4.12 5.5 Challenging
5. Difficulty in ensuring the neutrality and
impartiality of mediators or facilitators. 4.00 8 Challenging
6. Inadequate support and cooperation from
higher levels of government in promoting and 4.12 5.5 Challenging
supporting ADR initiatives.
7. Cultural or language barriers that hinder
effective communication and understanding 4.10 7 Challenging
during ADR processes.
8. Lack of clear guidelines or procedures for
handling complex or high-conflict disputes 3.92 10 Challenging
through ADR.
9. Limited accessibility to ADR services,
particularly for marginalized or remote 4.27 3 Very Challenging
communities.
10. Lack of coordination and collaboration
between barangay officials and other 4.35 1 Very Challenging
stakeholders in the ADR process.
Average Weighted Mean 4.13 Challenging
Legend:

Table 5.1 The research findings highlight several challenges in implementing
alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms. Among these challenges, the

49
highest-ranked issue is the lack of coordination and collaboration between barangay
officials and other stakeholders in the ADR process, with a weighted mean of 4.35,
indicating that it is Very Challenging.
On the other hand, the lowest-ranked challenge is limited resources and funding
for implementing ADR programs and services, with a weighted mean of 3.95, indicating
that it is Challenging. While this challenge is not as prevalent as others, it still poses a
significant obstacle to the effective implementation of ADR mechanisms. Adequate
resources and funding are essential to support the infrastructure, training, and capacity-
building necessary for successful ADR programs.
Overall, the total mean of all the challenges is 4.13, indicating that the
challenges in implementing ADR mechanisms in Barangay San Isidro Bula, Camarines
Sur are Challenging.
As asserted in the study of Sari et al. (2020), the objectives and
accomplishments of the village government in governance administration are clearly
defined. The attainment of these goals and achievements is contingent upon
organizational effectiveness. From a human resources perspective, the effectiveness of
an organization can be discerned through the competencies exhibited by the village
officials. This research aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of utilizing village funds by
examining the mean competency and performance of the village, as well as conducting
reliability testing, classical assumption testing, and multiple regression testing. The
findings indicate that knowledge and skills do not exert a significant influence on
village management performance, whereas the attitude variable does have a notable
impact on the performance of village management. To enhance the competence of
village officials in the Banyumas region, it is recommended that the village government
provide training tailored to the needs of the village apparatus. This would serve to
50
augment knowledge, understanding, and skills, thereby elevating the average
proficiency in job analysis skills.
Table 6.1. Solutions can be offered to address the effectiveness of the ADR
mechanisms in reducing disputes among the residents in the locality
Solutions Weighted Rank Verbal Interpretation

mean
1. Increase awareness and education about
ADR mechanisms among residents. 4.35 4.5 Highly Effective
2. Provide accessible and affordable ADR
services to residents. 4.30 6 Highly Effective
3. Establish community-based ADR
centers to facilitate local dispute 4.50 1 Highly Effective
resolution
4. Train and certify mediators and
arbitrators to ensure quality and 4.27 7.5 Highly Effective
professionalism in ADR processes.
5. Implement incentives for parties to Highly Effective
engage in ADR, such as reduced court fees 4.22 10
for attempting ADR first.
6. Foster collaboration between ADR Highly Effective
providers and community organizations to 4.38 3
reach a wider audience.
7. Provide resources and support for self-
help ADR, empowering residents to 4.25 9 Highly Effective
resolve disputes on their own.
8. Establish referral systems between
courts and ADR providers to encourage 4.27 7.5 Highly Effective
the use of ADR as an alternative to
litigation.
9. Enhance public trust and confidence in
ADR mechanisms through transparency 4.35 4.5 Highly Effective
and accountability.
10. Develop partnerships with local
government agencies to integrate ADR 4.32 2 Highly Effective
into community development initiatives.
Average Weighted Mean 4.32 Highly Effective
Legend:
51
Table 6.1 The research findings suggest several solutions to address the
challenges in implementing alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms in the
locality. The highest weighted mean, indicating the most favored solution, is for
Establishing community-based ADR centers to facilitate local dispute resolution, with
a weighted mean of 4.50 and ranked 1st. This solution is Highly Effective, suggesting
strong support for the establishment of localized centers to provide accessible and
community-centric dispute resolution services.
On the other hand, the lowest weighted mean is associated with the solution
Implement incentives for parties to engage in ADR, such as reduced court fees for
attempting ADR first, with a weighted mean of 4.22 and ranked 10th. Despite still being
Highly Effective, it ranks the lowest among the provided solutions, possibly indicating
that while incentives are beneficial, they may not be as impactful as other strategies.
Overall, the average weighted mean across all solutions is 4.32, indicating a
strong consensus among respondents that all proposed strategies are Highly Effective
for improving ADR mechanisms within the community. This average suggests a broad
agreement on the importance of implementing multiple approaches to enhance
awareness, accessibility, professionalism, and trust in ADR processes.
As emphasized by Chabo, G. (2020), the system of mutual and friendly
settlement of disputes outside courts through alternative dispute
settlement(ADR)methods is inherent in each society. The ADR system prevails and is
practiced before the establishment of the court system. ADR mechanisms are more
advantageous than litigation, because they reduce costs, save time, avoid procedural
complexity, prevent the explosion of court proceedings, and, most importantly,
encourage the parties involved in disputes to resolve their disputes mutually and
friendly, thereby preserving peace and harmony in society. ADR methods have also
52
enabled people to obtain justice for physical, mental, or financial disabilities. Because
of these advantages, ADR has been introduced into almost all national justice systems.
In recent years, in Bhutan, the ADR mechanism has been particularly focused on
avoiding problems associated with adversarial dispute management systems and
guaranteeing every citizen basic rights to justice.
Furthermore, Irmawati et al. (2020) conducted a study to examine the impact of
compensation on the job performance of village officials in Mattampa Bulu Village,
Lamuru District, and Bone Regency. The research found that compensation, including
salaries, incentives, and health and fitness benefits, played an effective role in
enhancing the work performance of the village apparatus.
The study conducted by Sari et al. (2020), emphasizes the effectiveness of
utilizing village funds and the competencies exhibited by village officials in governance
administration. The study found that knowledge and skills did not significantly
influence village management performance, while the attitude variable had a notable
impact. The researchers recommended providing training tailored to the needs of the
village apparatus to enhance their competence in the Banyumas region.
Implementing these solutions can contribute to the effective utilization of ADR
mechanisms, promoting access to justice, and facilitating the timely and fair resolution
of disputes.
53
Table 7.1. Policy recommendations can be made to improve the effectiveness of

Recommendations Weighted Rank Verbal Interpretation

mean
1. Enhance awareness and education 4.67 1 Highly Recommended
2. Strengthen training and capacity- 4.65 2 Highly Recommended
building
3. Establish dedicated ADR centers. 4.47 4.5 Highly Recommended
4. Promote community participation 4.62 3 Highly Recommended
5. Ensure impartiality and neutrality. 4.42 6 Highly Recommended
6. Regular monitoring and evaluation 4.35 7 Highly Recommended
7. Strengthen coordination and 4.32 8 Highly Recommended
collaboration.
8. Incorporate technology. 4.22 9 Highly Recommended
9. Provide legal support and information. 4.47 4.5 Highly Recommended
10. Foster a culture of collaboration and 4.40 10 Highly Recommended
consensus-building
Average Weighted Mean 4.45 Highly Recommended
Legend:

Table 7.1 During the data gathering, the respondents suggest several
recommendations to enhance the implementation of alternative dispute resolution
(ADR) mechanisms. Among these recommendations, the highest weighted mean,
suggesting the most favored recommendation, is for Enhance awareness and education,
with a weighted mean of 4.67 and ranked 1st. This recommendation emphasizes the
importance of educating stakeholders about ADR processes, indicating strong support
for initiatives aimed at increasing awareness and understanding of ADR mechanisms.
Conversely, the lowest weighted mean is associated with the recommendation
to Incorporate technology, with a weighted mean of 4.22 and ranked 9th. While still
54
highly recommended, this suggests that while technology integration is valuable, it may
not be as critical as other strategies for improving ADR mechanisms.
Overall, the average weighted mean across all recommendations is 4.45,
indicating a broad consensus among respondents that all proposed recommendations
are highly recommended for enhancing ADR mechanisms. This average underscores
the importance of a multifaceted approach that includes education, capacity-building,
community participation, impartiality, monitoring, collaboration, technology, legal
support, and fostering a collaborative culture to strengthen ADR processes effectively.
Similarly, the study of Bagshaw, D., & Stud, D. S. (2017), argued that one of
the key factors in promoting economic development in Asia is the design of an
alternative dispute resolution (ADR) model that is culturally conscious. To effectively
address conflicts in Asia, it is crucial to consider the region's unique traditions and
values. Merely adopting Western standards of conflict resolution may prove to be
inadequate in accommodating the distinct approach that Asians have toward resolving
conflicts. Therefore, international business mediation and arbitration processes must be
sensitive to the cultural requirements and expectations of the parties involved. By doing
so, it is possible to prevent culture-related issues from arising and hindering the
resolution of disputes.
Furthermore, Nestor (2016) stated that barangay represents the government at
the grass root level. They are considered the epitome of what the government can offer
and are the court of first help of general populace.
Additionally, n the study of Johnson (2010), to promote efficiency and mediate
properly, well-placed personnel with broad interpersonal skills should be taken.

Chapter V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter provides an overview of the summary, findings, conclusion, and
recommendations for the current study on the effectiveness of Alternative Dispute
Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur.
Summary
The research study titled "The effectiveness of the Alternative Dispute
Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur" was conducted. The primary methods of data collection
included data analysis, interviews, and a self-constructed questionnaire checklist.
Moreover, the descriptive method utilizing the purposive sampling technique was
employed. Percentage, frequency, rank, and weighted mean of each parameter were
used to tabulate and interpret the data. This study focuses on Barangay San Isidro, Bula,
Camarines Sur. The study included a total population of forty (40) random residents
aged 20 to 60 years old and above.
Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age,

gender, educational attainment, occupation, status, and
monthly income of the family.
Findings
Based on the findings obtained from the data collected, the analysis has unveiled
that a significant portion of the populace residing in Barangay San Isidro, Bula,
Camarines Sur, is situated within the age bracket spanning from 21 to 50 years, wherein
32% fall between the ages of 21 to 30, and there is a complete absence of individuals
58
aged 60 years and older. Moving on to the breakdown of gender distribution, it is
evident that 54% are male, 43% are female, and a minor percentage of 3% identify as
LGBTQ+ residents.
Furthermore, the educational attainment data showcases that half of the
population have attained secondary education, 22% have completed college, and 13%
have finished primary education. Delving into the occupation distribution, it is observed
that 30% are engaged as laborers, 22% are employed in government positions, and 17%
are occupied as housewives and farmers respectively. The distribution of civil status
among the residents signifies that 48% are single, and an equal percentage of 48% are
married. Lastly, the analysis of monthly income distribution illustrates that a substantial
82% of the populace receives a monthly income amounting to 5,000 PHP or below.
Conclusions
It can be concluded that a portion of individuals aged between 21 and 50 could
find effective conflict resolution techniques beneficial. Implementing ADR strategies
that are sensitive to gender and cater to diverse gender identities, including LGBTQ+
individuals, can promote inclusivity and fairness in resolving disputes. Adapting ADR
approaches to suit different educational backgrounds and professions may enhance
comprehension and participation in conflict resolution procedures. By taking into
account the large number of unmarried individuals and those with low incomes,
offering accessible and affordable ADR services can guarantee equal access to conflict
resolution mechanisms.
The presence of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms at the
Barangay level offers the capacity to effectively address and meet the requirements of
the residents within the community by facilitating conflict resolution. Engaging these
59
community members in the process serves as a crucial instrument in upholding peace,
order, and unity within the Barangay.
Recommendations
Customizing Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods to take into
account specific demographic traits has the potential to improve the efficiency of
conflict resolution approaches within the community. The establishment of ADR
initiatives that factor in the educational attainment, professional responsibilities, and
financial status of individuals can result in a more inclusive and fair resolution of
disputes.
Programs on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism

Findings
These findings suggest that the Barangay Justice System Enhancement Program
is positioned at the top with a weighted mean of 4.15, signifying a substantial level of
implementation and influence. Conversely, the Arbitration Program is situated at the
bottom with a weighted mean of 3.37, indicating a comparatively lower impact when
compared to other initiatives. The collective mean of 3.74 indicates a moderate level of
implementation across all programs, thereby playing a role in conflict resolution and
the utilization of alternative dispute resolution techniques.
Conclusions
On this basis, the effectiveness demonstrated by the Barangay Justice System
Enhancement Program emphasizes its significant contribution to conflict resolution and
the enhancement of the justice system. There is a necessity for enhancements in the
Arbitration Program to elevate its effectiveness in resolving conflicts.

60
Recommendations
This aspect of the study suggested that advancing and broadening the programs
to effectively address conflicts and encourage the use of alternative dispute resolution
mechanisms in various settings.
Effectiveness of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) programs

implemented by barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula,
Camarines Sur, along dispute settlement.
Findings
The present findings confirm that the Barangay Justice System (BJS) is highly
efficient, as evidenced by its weighted mean of 5.12, demonstrating its success in
resolving disputes. The promotion of community-based conflict resolution
mechanisms, although effective with a weighted mean of 4.02, suggests the need for
improvements in both implementation and impact. With a total mean of 4.33, these
programs are widely implemented in the barangay setting, highlighting their extensive
reach and application.
Conclusions
The researcher, concludes that BJS emerges as a noteworthy mechanism for
conflict resolution, emphasizing its crucial role in effectively addressing disputes.
While community-based conflict resolution mechanisms are effective, there is a clear
necessity for enhancements to ensure their maximum impact on conflict resolution
within the community.
Recommendations
The data suggest that policymakers and stakeholders must concentrate on the
further development and enhancement of community-based conflict resolution
mechanisms to guarantee more favorable outcomes in conflict resolution.

61
Challenges encountered by the barangay officials in

implementing the Alternative Dispute Resolution
(ADR) mechanisms in the locality.
Findings
This study provides evidence that the top challenge in ADR implementation is
the lack of coordination and collaboration among barangay officials and stakeholders,
hindering the process. Limited resources and funding pose a significant obstacle,
although moderately encountered, impacting the effectiveness of ADR programs. The
total mean of 4.13 reflects moderate encounters with challenges in implementing ADR
mechanisms in Barangay San Isidro Bula, Camarines Sur
Conclusions
Coordination challenges and resource limitations represent significant hurdles
that impact the implementation of ADR in the barangay, necessitating focused efforts
for enhanced efficacy.
Recommendations
Enhancing coordination and collaboration among stakeholders is crucial in
addressing the lack of synergy in ADR processes. It is imperative to allocate adequate
resources and funding to support infrastructure, training, and capacity-building for the
successful implementation of ADR programs.
Solutions can be offered to address the effectiveness of the ADR

mechanisms in reducing disputes among the residents in the
locality.
Findings
Broadly translated the findings indicate that establishing community-centered
ADR centers is the highest-ranked factor, achieving a weighted mean of 4.50. The
62
second position is held by increasing awareness and education on ADR mechanisms
among residents, with a ranking of 4.35. Coming in third place, with a weighted mean
of 4.38, is fostering collaboration between ADR providers and community
organizations. Highly effective actions, with a total mean of 4.32, are underscored for
their significant role in enhancing ADR mechanisms.
Conclusions
The research underscores the importance of awareness, accessibility,
professionalism, incentives, and collaboration in the successful execution of ADR.
Recommendations
It is recommended to place a strong emphasis on continuous public education
regarding the advantages of ADR. The establishment of additional community-based
ADR centers is advised to provide more localized services. Prioritizing the training and
certification of ADR practitioners is crucial. Implementation of incentives to promote
ADR participation is essential. Furthermore, fostering partnerships with community
organizations is recommended to expand outreach efforts.
Policy recommendations can be made to improve the

effectiveness of ADR mechanisms in resolving disputes
in the locality.
Findings
It was found that enhancing Awareness and Education: The top-rated
suggestion, with a weighted mean of 4.67, stresses the importance of public education
regarding the benefits of ADR. Strengthening Training and Capacity-Building: This
recommendation, rated highly at 4.65, emphasizes the critical role of skill development
for ADR practitioners. Establishing Dedicated ADR Centers: Highly recommended at

63
4.47, this point highlights the value of specialized centers that offer easily accessible
services. Promoting Community Participation: With a rating of 4.62, this
recommendation underscores the significance of involving the community in the ADR
process. Incorporating Technology: Despite being the lowest-ranked recommendation
at 4.22, it is still highly suggested, indicating a somewhat reduced emphasis on
technology in ADR implementation.
Conclusions
This follows from the fact that the importance of awareness, training,
specialized centers, community involvement, and technology in enhancing ADR
mechanisms.
Recommendations
It is recommended to prioritize public education initiatives on ADR benefits,
enhance training programs for ADR practitioners, establish specialized ADR centers
for tailored services, encourage community engagement in the ADR process, and
consider incorporating technology to enhance ADR implementations.

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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE INC.

From: CARLA JOYCE M ABONITA

San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur
carlajoyceabonita01@gmail.com, 09501348850
February 17, 2024
To: DR. WILMOR T. PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

Dean, Criminal Justice Education Department
Pili Capital College Inc.
Dear Dr. Plopinio,
Subject: Request for Permission to Conduct Research Study
I am writing to formally request your permission to conduct a research study

titled “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
(ADR) MECHANISMS IMPLEMENTED BY THE BARANGAY OFFICIALS
IN BARANGAY SAN ISIDRO, BULA, CAMARINES SUR” at Barangay San
Isidro, Camarines Sur as it is needed to complete my academic studies as a 4 th year
student taking Bachelor of Science in Criminology. I will assure that the research will
be conducted with outmost professionalism and respect for confidentiality.
Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your positive response.
Yours sincerely,
CARLA JOYCE M ABONITA

Researcher
Attested by:
ROBERTO B BRIONES Ed. D

Research Instructor
Approved by:
DR. WILMOR T PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

Research Adviser
APPENDIX B

From: CARLA JOYCE M ABONITA

carlajoyceabonita01@gmail.com, 09501348850
February 17, 2024
To: RICO A JAVIER

Barangay Captain
Dear Hon. Javier,
Subject: Request for Permission to Conduct Research Study
I am writing to formally request your permission to conduct a research study

titled “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
(ADR) MECHANISMS IMPLEMENTED BY THE BARANGAY OFFICIALS
IN BARANGAY SAN ISIDRO, BULA, CAMARINES SUR” at Barangay San
Isidro, Camarines Sur as it is needed to complete my academic studies as a 4 th year
student taking Bachelor of Science in Criminology at Pili Capital College Inc. I will
assure that the research will be conducted with outmost professionalism and respect for
confidentiality.
Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your positive response.
Yours sincerely,

Researcher
Attested by:
ROBERTO B BRIONES Ed. D DR. WILMOR T PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

Research Instructor Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
Research Adviser
Approved by:
HON. RICO A. JAVIER

Barangay Captain
APPENDIX C

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
DIRECTION: Please put a check mark (✓) after each statement and under each
column of prepared indicator check rating scale which best reflect your opinion on the
topic.
Name (Optional): _____________________________________________________
Zone: ______________
PART I: Below is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age
[ ] 20 y/o below [ ] 41-50 y/o
[ ] 21-30 y/o [ ] 51-60 y/o
[ ] 31-40 y/o [ ] 60 y/o above
1.2. Gender
[ ] Male
[ ] Female
[ ] LGBTQ+
1.3. Educational Attainment

[ ] Primary [ ] Post Graduate Studies
[ ] Secondary [ ] College
[ ] Vocational Course
1.4. Occupation
[ ] Housewife [ ] Teacher
[ ] Farmer [ ] Police Officer
[ ] Laborer [ ] Government Employee
1.5. Civil Status
[ ] Single [ ] Widow
[ ] Married [ ] Widower
[ ] Separated
1.6. Monthly income of the family

[ ] 5,000 PHP and below [ ] 25,001 – 35,000 PHP
[ ] 5,001 – 15,000 PHP [ ] 35,001 – 45,000 PHP
[ ] 15,001 - 20,000 PHP [ ] 45,001 PHP above
[ ] 20,001 – 25,000 PHP
PART II: The programs on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism
implemented by the barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur.

5 4 3 2 1
Programs (HI) (WI) (MI) (SI) (NI)
1. Mediation Program
2. Conciliation Program
3. Arbitration Program
4. Barangay Justice System Enhancement
Program
5.Barangay Alternative Dispute
Resolution Training Program
6. Peace and Order Mediation Program
7. Restorative Justice Program
8. Peer Mediation Program
9. Environmental Conflict Resolution
Program
10. Family Mediation Program
PART III: The effectiveness of the programs of the Alternative Dispute

Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur along, dispute Settlement.

5 4 3 2 1
Dispute Settlement (HE) (E) (ME) (SE) (NE)
1. Barangay Justice System (BJS)
2. Barangay-level mediation centers
3. Collaboration with barangay-based
organizations and NGOs
4. Strengthening of Barangay Human
Rights Action Centers (BHRACs)
5. Barangay-level programs for promoting
gender equality and addressing gender-
based violence
6. Visibility of Barangay Tanod or
Barangay Police
7. Promotion of community-based
conflict resolution mechanisms
8. Implementation of Barangay Anti-
Street Crime and Drug Abuse Council
(BASCADAC) programs
9. Collaboration with barangay health
centers and social welfare offices
10. Barangay-level crime prevention
programs and initiatives
PART IV: The challenges faced by the barangay officials in implementing the
ADR mechanisms in resolving disputes among the residents in the locality.

5 4 3 2 1
Challenges (VC) (C) (MC) (SC) (NC)
1. Lack of awareness among residents about the
availability and benefits of ADR mechanisms.
2. Limited resources and funding for
implementing ADR programs and services.
3. Insufficient training and capacity-building
opportunities for barangay officials in ADR
techniques.
4. Resistance or reluctance from residents to
engage in ADR processes.
5. Difficulty in ensuring the neutrality and
impartiality of mediators or facilitators.
6. Inadequate support and cooperation from
higher levels of government in promoting and
supporting ADR initiatives.
7. Cultural or language barriers that hinder
effective communication and understanding
during ADR processes.
8. Lack of clear guidelines or procedures for
handling complex or high-conflict disputes
through ADR.
9. Limited accessibility to ADR services,
particularly for marginalized or remote
communities.
10. Lack of coordination and collaboration
between barangay officials and other
stakeholders in the ADR process.
PART V: The solutions can be offered to address the effectiveness of the ADR
mechanisms in reducing disputes among the residents in the locality.

5 4 3 2 1
Solutions (HE) (E) (ME) (SE) (NE)
1. Increase awareness and education about ADR
mechanisms among residents.
2. Provide accessible and affordable ADR
services to residents.
3. Establish community-based ADR centers to
facilitate local dispute resolution
4. Train and certify mediators and arbitrators to
ensure quality and professionalism in ADR
processes.
5. Implement incentives for parties to engage in
ADR, such as reduced court fees for attempting
ADR first.
6. Foster collaboration between ADR providers
and community organizations to reach a wider
audience.
7. Provide resources and support for self-help
ADR, empowering residents to resolve disputes
on their own.
8. Establish referral systems between courts and
ADR providers to encourage the use of ADR as
an alternative to litigation.
9. Enhance public trust and confidence in ADR
mechanisms through transparency and
accountability.
10. Develop partnerships with local government
agencies to integrate ADR into community
development initiatives.
PART VI: The policy recommendations can be made to improve the
effectiveness of ADR mechanisms in resolving disputes in the locality.

5 4 3 2 1
Recommendations (HR) (R) (MR) (SR) (NR)
1. Enhance awareness and education
2. Strengthen training and capacity-building
3. Establish dedicated ADR centers.
4. Promote community participation
5. Ensure impartiality and neutrality.
6. Regular monitoring and evaluation
7. Strengthen coordination and collaboration.
8. Incorporate technology.
9. Provide legal support and information.
10. Foster a culture of collaboration and
consensus-building
DOCUMENTATION
The researcher request permission to DR. The researcher request permission to
WILMOR T PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret), HON. RICO A. JAVIER, Brgy. Captain
Dean, College of Criminal Justice to conduct her research study at Brgy. San
Education to conduct her research study Isidro, Bula Camarines Sur.
outside the school premeses.
The researcher conducted a survey to the The researcher explained to the

residents inside the of Brgy. Hall of San respondents the importance of the study
Isidro Bula Camarines Sur. and its potential benefits for the residents
of the Barangay.
The researcher is demonstrating the survey The researcher is aiding the respondent
questionnaire instructions to the who has difficulty reading the questions to
respondent to ensure her understanding of ensure accurate completion of the
the tasks ahead. questionnaire.
The researcher is patiently awaiting the The researcher is distributing the survey
completed survey questionnaires from the questionnaire and providing assistance to
respondents. the respondent.
CURRICULUM
VITAE
#153 Zone 2-A, Barangay San Isidro Bula, Camarines
Mobile No.: 09501348850
Email Address: carlajoyceabonit01@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age : 22 yrs. Old
Birthday : April 02, 2002
Birthplace : San Isidro, Bula, Camarines Sur
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Height : 152’ cm
Weight : 48 kg
Complexion : Fair
Fathers Name : Alejandro V Abonita
Occupation : Farmer/Laborer
Mother’s Name : Julie M Abonita
Occupation : Housewife
EDUCATIONAL BACGROUND
Tertiary : Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Pili, Capital College Inc.
2023-2024
Secondary : Basic-Ed – SHS/ICT-STANDARD Programming
AMA Computer College Naga Campus
ELS Building, Panganiban Drive
Naga City, Camarines Sur, 4400
2019-2020
: Junior High School
Pili National High School
Lapaz, Pawili, Pili, Camarines Sur
2017-2018
Primary : Anayan Elementary School
San Isidro, Bula Camarines Sur
2013-2014
WORK EXPERIENCE
Special Program of Employment for Student (SPES)
Company’s Name : LGU OF NAGA/Metro Naga PESO Office
Address : Naga City
Position : Administrative Clerk
Inclusive Date : January 07, 2020 – January 21, 2020
ON THE JOB TRAINING
Agency’s Name : Bureau of Fire Protection
Address : Pili Camarines Sur
Inclusive Date : October 16, 2023 – October 20, 2024
Agency’s Name : Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

Address : Del Rosario Street, Naga City
Inclusive Date : November 13, 2023 – November 17, 2023
Agency’s Name : Camarines Sur Provincial Police Office

Address : Concepcion Grande, Naga City 4400
Inclusive Date : November 20, 2023 – November 24, 2023
Agency’s Name : Criminal Investigation and Detection Group

Address : Naga City
Inclusive Date : November 27, 2023 – December 1, 2023
Agency’s Name : National Bureau of Investigation

Address : Naga City
Inclusive Date : December 4, 2023 – December 8, 2023
Agency’s Name : Land Transportation Office

Address : Cadlan, Pili, Camarines Sur
Inclusive Date : March 25, 2024 – March 29, 2024
TRAININGS AND SEMINARS ATTENDED

***Seminar and Training on “BASIC FIRST AID AND CPR (LAY
RESPONDER)”, Held on 10 January 2020 at AMA Computer College Naga
Campus, ELS Bldg., Panganiban Drive Naga City
***Seminar and Training on “WEAR YOUR ARMOR SELF-
DEFENSE”, held on February 06, 2020 at AMA Computer College Naga
Campus, ELS Bldg., Panganiban Drive Naga City.
***Advance ROTC Academic Phase Training (ARAPT) CL-2022,
conducted by the 5th Regional Community Defense Group, Reserve Command,
Philippine Army from 08 August 2022 to 16 September 2022, at Bicol College
Daraga, Albay.
***40 Hour COMPETENCY TRAINING FOR FIRE VOLUNTEER, on
03-07 of August 2022 conducted by the Bureau of Fire Protection – Pili Fire
Station at Gov. Mariano E Villafuerte High School, Barangay Caroyroyan, Pili
Camarines Sur.
***STANDARD FIRST AID, BASIC LIFE SUPPORT, ROPEMANSHIP,
FIRE & SAFETY AND FIREFIGHTING COURSE, held on August 4 - 7,
2022 at Gov. Mariano E Villafuerte High School, Barangay Caroyroyan, Pili
Camarines Sur
***STANDARD FIRST AID, BASIC LIFE SUPPORT, ROPEMANSHIP,
FIRE & SAFETY AND FIREFIGHTING COURSE, held on December 20-
23, 2022 at Binobong, Elementary school, Zone 6 Binobong Pili, Camarines
Sur.
*** Advance Reserve Officer Training Course (ROTC), Military Science
1, 2, 31, 32, 41 and 42, 502nd Pili Capital College Inc. Unit 2020 – 2023.
SKILLS
* Computer Literate (Proficient on MS Word, MS Excel, PowerPoints and other
computer and device)
*Good Communication Skills
* Leadership skills
*Time Management and Multi-tasking
CHARACTER REFERRENCES
DR. WILMOR T PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

Dean, College of Criminology
Pili Capital College Inc.
San Isidro Pili Camarines Sur
09297071170
I hereby certify that all information stated above are true and correct
according to my knowledge and belief.

Applicant

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR)

MECHANISMS IMPLEMENTED BY THE BARANGAY OFFICIALS IN

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

CARLA JOYCE M. ABONITA

PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE, INC.

The thesis titled “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE

DR. WILMOR T. PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

DR. WILMOR T. PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

JOMAR E. OLIVARES Ph. D. Mr. MICHAEL B. NUÑEZ

Approved by the Committee on Final Examination on ___________ with a

DR. WILMOR T. PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

JOMAR E. OLIVARES Ph. D. Mr. MICHAEL B. NUÑEZ

DR. WILMOR T. PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

gratitude goes to:

instrumental in shaping this work.

the quality of this research.

for their assistance.

been my source of strength and motivation.

Almighty God for His grace and guidance throughout.

PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE, INC.

This is to certify that the thesis of CARLA JOYCE M. ABONITA entitled

DR. WILMOR T. PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

Reviewed and Approved:

DR. WILMOR T. PLOPINIO J/SUPT (Ret)

Title : THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

Researcher : CARLA JOYCE M. ABONITA

Type of Document : Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis 2024

Host/Accrediting School : Pili Capital College, Inc.

Key Words : Effectiveness, Alternative Dispute

This research endeavors to evaluate the effectiveness of Alternative Dispute

Resolution (ADR) methods administered by barangay officials in Barangay San Isidro,

emerged as a favored alternative to conventional court proceedings for conflict

effectiveness, efficiency, adaptability, and emphasis on relationship preservation, these

methods have witnessed increased adoption across diverse sectors, encompassing

randomly selected residents aged 20 to 60 years, utilizing a descriptive research

approach and a self-constructed questionnaire checklist as the primary data collection

identification of challenges, formulation of solutions, and development of policy

recommendations. The research findings offer valuable insights to policymakers for

enhancing ADR mechanisms and refining dispute resolution outcomes.

Statement of the Problem 4

Objective of the Study 5

Significance of the study 6

Scope and Limitations of the Study 7

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Respondents of the Study 31

Data Gathering Procedure 36

Data Analysis Technique 37

CHAPTER IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age 36

Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of gender 37

Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of educational attainment 38

Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of occupation 39

Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of civil status 41

Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of monthly income 42

Programs on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism 43

Effectiveness of the programs of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 46

Challenges faced by the barangay officials in implementing the ADR mechanisms 48

Solutions can be offered to address the effectiveness of the ADR mechanisms 50