IN THE NAME OF GOD

Instrumentation Term Project Supervised By: Dr. Hamid D. Taghirad

Magnetic position sensor

Ehsan Peymani Golnaz Habibi

Magnetic Sensor

Feature of Magnetic Sensors

Advantage
- Contact less

- Unaffected by Contamination Disadvantage

- affected by other magnetic field

Position sensing ( all types )

Capacitive Eddy current Optical Inductive Resistive Sonar Laser Magnetic

All Types of Magnetic Position Sensor

Hall effect sensor Magnetostrictive Magnetoresistive Base on Seismic theory Reed switch Synchro & Resolver Inductosyn Magnesyn Magnetic encoder LVDT & RVDT

Special application
Compassing GPS navigation Vehicle detection

Special application

Compassing

Special application

Compassing

Special application

Compassing

Special application

GPS navigation

Special application

GPS navigation

Special application

Vehicle detection

Special application

Vehicle detection

Special application

Vehicle direction

Smart position sensor

Smart position sensor

Specifications :
Magnetostrictive LDT Small & Inexpensive Linearity+/- 0.05% of Stroke Accuracy+/- 0.1% of Stroke Repeatability+/- 0.01% of full stroke Operating Temperature-20 to 70 C Programmable

Hall Effect Sensor

Hall effect : Dr. Edvin Hall , 1879 Johns Hopkins University Hall sensor : Joe Maupin & Evertt Vorthmann , 1965

Hall effect

General features
True solid state Long life High speed operation - over 100 kHz possible Operates with stationary input (zero speed) No moving parts Logic compatible input and output Broad temperature range (-40 to +150C) Highly repeatable operation

Hall effect

Theory

Hall effect

Theory

VH

K H BI = t

Hall effect

Theory

Hall effect

Conditional Circuit
S = 7

V
V G

!!! Silicon exhibits the piezoresistance effect

Hall effect

Conditional Circuit

Hall effect

Digital Hall sensors

Hall effect

Analog Hall sensors

Hall effect

Magnetic system

Unipolar head-on mode Unipolar slide-by mode Bipolar slide-by mode Bipolar slide-by mode (ring magnet)
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Hall effect

Magnetic system
Unipolar head-on mode
Nonlinear Accuracy medium

Hall effect

Magnetic system
Unipolar slide-by mode
Nonlinear Accuracy low Symmetric

Hall effect

Magnetic system
Bipolar slide-by mode
Accuracy medium Dissymmetry

Hall effect

Magnetic system

Hall effect

Magnetic system
Bipolar slide-by mode (ring magnet)

Hall effect

Magnetic system comparison chart

Hall effect

Application Vane operated position sensors

Hall effect

Application Vane operated position sensors

Hall effect

Application Other in position Sequence sensor Proximity sensor Office machine sensors Multiple position sensor Anti-skid sensor Piston detection sensor

Hall effect

Application Sequence sensor

Back

Hall effect

Application Proximity sensor

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Hall effect

Application Office machine sensors

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Hall effect

Application Multiple position sensor

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Hall effect

Application Anti-skid sensor

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Hall effect

Application Piston detection sensor

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Magnetostrictive sensors
Invent at 1970 MTS Temposonic technology

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

Manetostrictive effect Villari effect Wiedemann effect

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

Manetostrictive effect

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

Villari effect

Reverse of Magnetoestrictive

applying stress to a magnetostrictive material

changes its magnetic properties

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

Wiedemann effect

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

The operation

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

The operation

Magnetostriction sensors

Features

Non contact Absolute 10 mm ~ 20 m Nonlinearity < 0.02%

Magnetostriction sensors

Comparison

Magnetostriction sensors

Application

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Automated (Robotic) ManualTrans ission Automotive Suspensions Automotive Steering Medical Hospital and Home Care Bed Medical Infusion Pump Medical Dental Chairs Tractor Steering Commercial Appliance Damping Automotive Tank Levels Construction Equipment

Magnetostriction sensors
Application Automated (Robotic) ManualTrans ission

Back

Magnetostriction sensors Application - Automotive Suspensions

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Magnetostriction sensors Application - Automotive Steering

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Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Medical Hospital and Home Care Bed

Back

Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Medical Infusion Pump

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Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Medical Dental Chairs

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Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Tractor Steering

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Magnetostriction sensors Application - Commercial Appliance Damping

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Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Construction Equipment

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Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Automotive Tank Levels

Back

Magnetoresistive sensors
Invent at 1856 William Thompson Lord Kelvin

Magnetoresistive sensors

All types

Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Theory of AMR

Magnetoresistive sensors

Theory of AMR

cos 2

Barber Pole Bias

Magnetoresistive sensors

Theory of AMR

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1501)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1501)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1501)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Typical application
Cylinder position sensing in pneumatic cylinders Elevator sensor Lid sensor for laptop computers Position sensor for materials handling equipment (lift trucks) Blood analyzer Magnetic encoders

Magnetoresistive sensors

Comparision of Hall effect & MR technologies

Magnetoresistive sensors

Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR)

Observe at 1988 Magnetoresistivity > 70%

Magnetoresistive sensors

Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) - Theory

Magnetoresistive sensors

Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) - Application

Proximity Detection Displacement Sensing Rotational Reference Detection

Colossal Magnetoresistive (CMR)

Observe at 1988 Magnetoresistivity > 1000% ~ 10000000%

Magnetoresistive sensors

Comparison

Reed switch

Reed switch

Structure

Reed switch

Advantages
Long life Small size Very sensitive to magnetic fields Has no leakage current or voltage drop Very inexpensive Highly repeatable operation High immunity to dirt and contamination Zero power consumption

Reed switch

Disadvantages
It is electronically noisy Slow response time Large amount of hysteresis

Synchro & Resolver

A device called Selsyn was developed at 1925

Synchro

Theory

Synchro is variable rotary transformer.

Synchro

Classification

Transmitter

Control Torque

Synchro

Classification

Receiver

Control Torque

Synchro

Classification

Differential Transmitter

Control Torque

Synchro

Classification

Control Torque

Synchro

Advantages

The controlling unit can be along distance from the controlled unit. Low consumption. Eliminates the necessity of mechanical linkage. Continues accurate and visual information. Good reliability and minimum maintenances . Small and light. Very fast.

Resolver

Resolver

Theory

Signal Conditioning
Resolver-To-Digital Converter(RTD /RDC) Basic Undersampling Oversampling

RTD

Basic

RTD

Undersampling

RTD

Undersampling

RTD

Oversampling

Oversampling

TMS320F240

Resolver

Advantages
Accurate Absolute Position Sensor Small size Well-suited to severe industrial environments Not require ohmic contact. High reliability

Synchro& Resolver

Application

Naval weapons Radar antennas Aerospace Robotics

Inductosyns

Inductosyns types
Linear inductosyn Rotary inductosyn

Linear inductosyns

inductosyns

Specification

Use RTD for signal conditioning Linear resolution is 5microinch. angular resolution is less than 0.9 arc seconds relatively expensive very high accurate very reliable

inductosyns

Advantages & Disadvantages

Accurate Small size Well-suited to severe industrial environments Not require ohmic contact High reliability but relatively expensive

Magnesyn

Magnesyn

Structure

Magnetic encoder

All types

LVDT & RVDT

End of World War II

Linear Variable Differential Transformer(LVDT)

PRECISION ABSOLUTE VALUE CIRCUIT

(FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER)

LVDT & RVDT

Comparison

LVDT Measurement ranges are 100m to 25cm Sensitivity is 2.4mv per volt per degree of rotation Input voltages are from 1V to 24V RMS, with frequencies 50Hz0kHz RVDT Typical RVDTs are linear over a range of about 40 Sensitivity is 2 to 3mV per volt per degree of rotation Input voltages in the range of 3V RMS at frequencies between 400Hz and 20kHz.

LVDT

Advantages
Infinite Resolution High accuracy and sensitivity Excellent linearity ( 0.5%) A wide variety of measurement ranges

Application
Modern Machine-tool Robotics Avionics & aircraft Process control industry Torpedo, and weapons systems.

Thank you