LESSON 1 : PHYSICAL Based quantity Symbol S.I.

Unit Symbol
of of
QUANTITIES quantity unit

1.1 Introduction length l metre m

Physics is based on measurement. We discover mass m kilogram kg
physics by learning how to measure the quantities time t second s
that are involved in physics and we call its as electric I ampere A
physical quantities. current
thermodynamic T kelvin K
1.2 The meaning of Physical Quantities temperature
A physical quantity is a physical property of a amount n mole mol
material that can be quantified by measurement. of
Physical quantities are quantities that can be substance
measured.
luminous Iv candela cd
Examples of physical quantities are length, mass,
intensity
time, weight, pressure, current and force.
There four types of the physical quantities,
Derived quantities is he physical quantities which
 Base quantities
were can derived from base quantities by
 Derived quantities multiplication operation or division operation or
 Scalar quantities both
 Vector quantities
There are some examples for derived quantities as
1.3 The units for measuring shown in the following table.
There are two main systems for measuring of the Quantity Sym S.I.Unit Sym In term of
physical quantities. bol of bol base
 Metric unit quan of quantity
 Imperial unit tity unit
Most countries use the Metric System, but in the area A square m2 [length]2
United States, Liberia and Myanmar they use the metre
older Imperial system, volume V cubic m3 [length]3
Several examples of the Metric and Imperial units: metre
speed, v metre m s-1 [length]
Physical Metric units Imperial units velocity per [time]-1
quantity second
Length Millimeters, Inches, feet, density, ρ kilogram kg m-3 [mass]
/Distance centimeters, yards, per cubic [length]3
meters, furlongs, miles metre
kilometers momentum p kilogram kg ms-1 [mass]
Mass/Weight Miligrams , ounces , metre or [length]
grams , pounds , ton per Ns [time]-1
kilograms second
Temperature Celsius, Kelvin Fahrenheit force F kilogram kgm s-2 [mass]
Area Square Square metre or [length]
meter,hectare feet,acres per N [time]-2
Speed/Velocity Kilometers per Miles per hour square
hour (kph) (mph) second
Pressure Newton per Pound per charge Q Ampere As [current]
square meter square inch second [time]
(Pa) (psi) Refractive n No No No
1.4 Base Quantities and Derived Quantities index
Efficiency ƞ No No No
Based quantities is the physical quantities which
are used as the basis for the measurement and can’t
be derived from other physical quantities.
There are seven base quantities as shown in the
following table:

1
1.5 Derived quantities In Term of the based
quantities

Example 1 Solution

State the following derived quantities in terms of

the base quantities.
(a) Acceleration

(b) Momentum
(Formula : Momentum = mass x velocity )

(c) Pressure

Solution

Example 2
1.6 Scalar and Vector quantities
State the base units for the following derived
quantities: A scalar is any quantity with size (magnitude) but
(a) Force without any specified direction.
(Formula : Force = mass x acceleration ) Examples of scalar quantities include mass, time,
length, temperature, energy, work, speed and
(b) Impulse pressure.
(Formula : Impulse = change of momentum)
A vector is any quantity with size (magnitude) and
(c) Work any specified direction.
(Formula : Work = force x displacement) Examples of vector quantities are displacement,
weight, force, velocity, acceleration and
momentum
(d) Voltage

2
 C Length Centimetre (cm)
D Temperature Kelvin (K)

TUTORIAL 1
8 The S.I. base unit for mass is
1 Which of the following physical quantities is
a base quantity? A gram B miligram
C kilogram D mikrogram
A Weight
B Temperature 9 Which of the following physical quantities is
C Number of molecules a base quantity
D Brightness of light
A The weight of an astronaut on the
2 Which quantity is base quantity? Moon’s surface is 100 N.
B The velocity of a cyclist rides a bicycle
A Electric resistance is 70 km h-1
B Electric energy C The perimeter of a field is 380 m
C Electric charge D The power of a lamp is 60 W.
D Electric current
10 All derived quantities can be derived from
3 Which one of the following is a Metric unit? base quantities by

A Inches A addition operation or subtraction

B Miles operation
C Yards B addition operation or subtraction
D Centimetres operation or both
C multiplication operation or division
4 Which one of the following is an Imperial operation
unit? D multiplication operation or division
operation or both
A Kilometer
B Acre 11 Which quantity is a derived quantity?
C Hectare
D Pascal A Force B Length
C Current D Amount of
5 Which one of the following is not a SI base substance
unit?
12 Which of the following is a derived quantity?
A Celsius B Ampere
C Candela D Mole A Height B Length
C Perimeter D Area
6 Which one of the following pairs of base
quantities is true? 13 Which measuring instrument measures
derived quantity?
A Work and mass
B Force and current
C Pressure and temperature
D luminous intensity and amount of
substance

7 Which of the following SI unit is correct for

each quantity?

Quantity SI unit

A Mass Gram (g)

B Time Hour (h)

3
 Physical Type of S.I. Unit
quantity physical
quantity
A Momentum Derived Kg m s-2
quantity
o
B Temperature Base quantity C
C Work Derived kg m 2 s-2
quantity
D Area Base m2
quantity

14 Which one of the following pairs of derived

quantities is true? 21 Which of the following pairs of physical
quantities and S.I. units is true?
A Density and mass
B Force and current Physical S.I. unit
C Pressure and temperature quantity
D Weight and potential difference A Area foot squared
B Weight Kilogram
15 Which of the following derived quantity has C Power Joules per minute
only one base quantity? D Density Kilograms per
metre cubed
A Force B Volume
C Acceleration D Momentum 22 The kinetic energy , E of a moving object is
given by
E=½mv2
16 Which one of the base quantities is not where m = mass and v = velocity. The
involve in force? number of the base quantities involve in the
kinetic energy, E is or are
A Length B Time
C Temperature D Mass
A 1 B 2
17 Which one of the derived quantities does not C 3 D 4
have unit?
23 A physical quantity is given by
A Speed B Area M=¾ed2
C Work D Efficiency where the unit of e is unit kilogram and the
unit of d is metre. The units of M are
18 What is the S.I unit for density?
A kg 2 m B kg - 2 m
A g cm 3
B g cm -3 C kg m 2 D kg m - 2
C kg m3 D kg m-3
24 The period of oscillation for an inertial
19 Which pair of physics quantity and SI unit is balance is given by
correct? T2= km
where
Physics SI unit T = The period of oscillation and the
quantity unit is s
A Electric charge Ampere m = Mass and the unit is kg
B Pressure Newton k = constant
C Mass Kilogramme
D Force Joule The units of k are

20 Which one of the following is true? A kg s2 B kg- 1 s 2

C kg s D kg- 2 s-1

25 Which pair of quantities is correct?

4
 32 (a) The current flows through a metal
Scalar quantity Vector quantity conductor is defined by the equation
Has magnitude
A Has magnitude only
only
Has direction only
B Has magnitude only Based on the equation, which of the
Has magnitude Has magnitude and quantities above are
C
only direction
Has magnitude Has direction only (i)
based quantities
D .........................................................
and direction
[ 1 mark ]
26 Which of the following quantity is a scalar (ii) derived quantities
quantity. .........................................................
[ 1 mark ]
A Volume B Weight (b) Determine the S.I. units of charge?
C Force D Acceleration
27 Which of the following quantities is a vector
quantity?
[ 2 marks ]
A Energy B Power
C Displacement D Pressure 33 The power of a student to run up a stair is
given by the equation
28 Which quantity is a vector quantity?

A Mass B Energy
C Pressure D Force
(a) State the base quantities contain
29 Which one of the following pairs of vector in the equation above.
quantities is true? .................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
A Impulse and area (b) Determine the power in term of base
B Power and pressure quantities.
C Mass and velocity
D Acceleration and weight

30 Which of the physical quantity is a scalar and

also a derived quantity

A mass B speed [ 3 marks ]

C velocity D weight
34 An object of mass, m in a circular orbit of
31 Which measuring instrument measures vector radius, r round the Earth of mass, M has the
quantity? magnitude gravitational potential energy ,U is
given by the equation

Based on the equation,

(a) give one example of

(i) the base quantities
…………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) the derived quantities.
…………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
(b) (i) State the S.I. units of m ,M , R

5
 [ 1 mark ]

((ii) State the unit of U .

[The S.I. unit of U = S.I. unit of
work]
.

[ 1 mark ]
(c) Determine the S.I. units of G

[ 2 marks ]

35 (a) An Everest mountain climber of weight

752N stands at an altitude of 8820 m.
The atmospheric pressure was 250
mmHg, the temperature -21o C , the
wind blows at a speed of 5 km h-1 and
the gravitational acceleration is
9.8 m s-2.
List all the underlined physical
quantities outlined in the table below
Base Derived Scalar Vector
quantity quantity quantity quantity

[ 4 marks ]

(b) State the base S.I. unit for

(i) the atmospheric pressure
…………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) the speed of wind
…………………………………….
[ 1 mark ]

(b) The surrounding temperature in North Pole

at a certain time is - 25o C while the velocity
a car is - 120 km h-1. Between temperature
and velocity which is the scalar quantity and
the vector quantity respectively. What is the
meaning of negative sign for the both
quantities.
[ 4 marks ]

6
 positive and
increases
y is increased
nonlinearly
with x

Gradient of
the graph are
positive and
decreases
y is decreased
nonlinearly
with x

Gradient of
the graph are
negative and
increases
y is decreased
LESSON 2 : SCIENTIFIC nonlinearly
with x
INVESTIGATIONS
Gradient of
2.1 Interpret the shape of graph to determine the graph are
the relationship between two variables negative and
decreases
Graph Relationship In y is inversely
mathematical proportional to
form x
y is directly y x
proportional or or k = xy
to x y = kx x1y1 = x2y2
y is directly
Gradient of proportional
the graph are
positive and to
uniform
2.2 Analyse the graph to get the conclusion of
y is increased y = mx + c
the investigation
linearly with
x
The following are some things to do when plotting
a graph:
Gradient of
the graph are
 The title of the graph must be shown.
positive and
The axes of the graph must be labelled
uniform
with the unit used.
y is decreased y = -mx + c
linearly with
For example:
x

Gradient of
the graph are
negative and
uniform
y is increased
nonlinearly
with x  The scale chosen must be easy to use.

Gradient of For example

the graph are

7
 Scales such 1:1 , 1:2 , 1:5 ,1:10 ,1:100 point to point because the graph obtained
are preferred in plotting a graph. is not smooth.
Odd scales such as 1:3 , 1:4 , 1: 6 ,
1:7 , 1: 30 should be avoided in plotting For example
a graph.

 Make sure the area covered by the plotted

points must not be less than 50% of the
area of the graph paper.

For example:

 The scale on the axes must be uniform and

clearly marked with value.

For example:  Determine the gradient of the graph

Draw a sufficiently large triangle (at least
8 cm x 8 cm) to calculate the gradient of
the graph.
State value of the gradient with correct
unit.
The gradient of the graph is

 All the points are marked with a symbol

such as a cross or circle and the centre of
The unit of gradient
the cross must accurately positioned.
=
For example
Example
 The best straight line or the best curve
graph must be drawn.
The best straight line or the best curve
graph is the line that passes through most
of the points plotted such that it is
balanced by the number of points above
and below the line. The line also must .
smooth.
 Determine area under the graph to
represent a certain physical quantity.
For example
Shade the region and determine the shape
of the shaded region and calculate the
area by using the formula of area and
put the correct unit of the area.

Example

 It is not advisable to plot graph by joining

8
 In the experiment, l = 2.0 m. Calculate the
value of g.
(c) The student repeats the experiment using
another inclined plane of length, l = 1.5 m.
The raised end of the inclined plane is
fixed at height, h = 0.10 m.
Using the formula and the

value of g in (b), calculate the

acceleration, a, of the trolley.
 .Determine the certain values from the
graph.
Certain important values can be obtained
from the graph plotted by drawing a
horizontal line or by extrapolating the
graph.

Example 1
Solution
A student carries out an experiment to investigate
the relationship between the height, h, of the raised
end of an inclined plane and the acceleration, a, of
a trolley as it moves freely down the inclined plane.
This experiment is carried out using a ticker-timer
and ticker-tape.
The results of this experiment are shown in the
Table 1.

Height,h (m) 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

Acceleration, 0.24 0.52 0.75 0.99 1.24 1.49
a (m s-2)
Table 1
Based on the data shown in table 1,

(a) Plot the graph a graph acceleration, a against

height, h on the graph paper on page 10.
(b) Based on the graph in page 10,
(i) State the relationship between a and h.

(ii) Determine the value of h when

a = 0.30 m s-2.
(iii) Calculate the gradient, m, of the graph.

(b) The gradient, m, of the graph is given by

the formula , where g is the
gravitational
acceleration and l is the length of the
inclined plane.

9
10
11
10

12
 Solution
Example 2

A student carries out an experiment to investigate

the relationship between the mass, m, of a load
placed on a spring and the length, l, of the spring.
The student also determines the spring constant, k.

The results of this experiment are shown in the

Table 2.

Mass, 10 20 30 40 50 60
m (g)
Length, 11.5 15.0 20.0 24.0 28.5 32.0
l (cm)
Table 2

(a) Plot the graph a graph mass, m, against the

length, l, on the graph paper on page 12.

(b) Based on your graph in page 12,

(i) State the relationship between l and m

(ii) Determine the value of l when m = 0 g.
(iii) The spring constant, k, is given by the
formula , where h is the gradient of the
.
graph
Calculate the gradient, h, of the
graph and hence determine the value of
k.

(c) Another identical spring is connected in

series to the end of the spring.

The spring constant, k', of the two springs

in series is given by the formula

Calculate k'.

11
12
2.3 Conduct scientific inquiries and write full Record the time for 20 oscillations by
reports through simple pendulum using a stop watch = t
experiment Calculate the period, T

2.3.1. Experiment to investigate the

relationship period of oscillation and
Repeat the experiment 5 times by using
length of a pendulum
the different length. l , of pendulum.
Inference :
Tabulate the data:
The period of oscillation depends on the
length
Length, l ( cm) Period. T (s)
Hypothesis:

As the length increases the period

increases

Aim of the experiment

Analysis the data:
To investigate the relationship period of
oscillation and length of a pendulum Plot the graph T against l
:
Variables of the experiment

Manipulative variable : Length of

pendulum
Responding variable :Period
Constant variable :Amplitude (angle) 2.3.2. Laboratory reports for
of oscillation experiments to determine value
of acceleration due to gravity of
List of apparatus and material ; earth by using a simple
pendulum
Bob, string, retort stand , ruler and stop
watch
Aim of the experiment
Arrangement of apparatus:.
Experiments to determine value of
acceleration due to gravity of earth
by using a simple pendulum

Theory:

The period of oscillation, T for a

simple pendulum is given the
following equation:

Where ,
T = period of oscillation
l = length of pendulum
g = acceleration due to
gravity of earth
The method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the
Square the both sides of the
responding variable.
equation:
Measure the length of the pendulum by using
a ruler = l
Oscillate the pendulum

13
When the graph T2 against l is plotted a
straight line graph through origin is Tabulate the data:
obtained. with the gradient of the graph ,
m is Time Time Average14 Period T2
Length for 20 for 20 time for (s2)
l (cm) oscilla oscilla 20
tions tions oscilla
(s)
hence t1(s) t2(s) tions
t(s)
20.0 18.2 18.1 18.15 0,908 0.82
List of apparatus and material ; 30.0 22.1 22.1 22.10 1.105 1.22
40.0 25.5 25.6 25.55 1.278 1.63
Bob, string, retort stand , ruler and stop 50.0 28.5 28.3 28.40 1.420 2.02
watch 60,0 31.3 31.2 31.25 1.563 2.44
70.0 33.7 33.6 33.65 1.683 2.83
Arrangement of apparatus:. Analysis the data:

Procedure of experiment :

Measure the length of the pendulum by

using a ruler = l Calculation :
Start the value of l = 20.0 cm The gradient of graph ,
Oscillate the pendulum
Record the time for 20 oscillations by
using a stop watch = t1
Repeat the experiment one more time = 0.04127 s2 cm-1
with l = 20.0 cm to get the time for 20
oscillations = t2 5 times by using the
different length. l , of pendulum.
Calculate the average time for 20 = 956.59 cm s-2
oscillations , = 9.57 m s-2
Conclusion :

The value of the acceleration due to gravity

Calculate the period of oscillation obtained from the experiment is 9.57 m s-2

Repeat the experiment 5 times with the
values of l =30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm , 60
cm and 70.0 cm.
Plot the graph T2 (s2) against l (cm)
Discussion :
The value of the acceleration due to gravity
obtained is less than from the actual value
9.81 m s-2.
The difference occurs caused by the following
factors:
- air resistance acted to the bob
 - the angle (amplitude) of oscillations is large
-the oscillations do not in one plane
TUTORIAL 2
1 Ohm’s law states that the voltage , V across a
metal conductor is directly proportional to the
current , I flows through it if its temperature is
unchanged.. Which of the following graphs
shows the Ohm’s Law?

4 Which of the following graphs show that15V

increases linearly with θ?

2 Hooke’s law is represented by the equation

F = kx .
Where F = force , x = extension and
k = spring constant.
Which of the following graph is correct to
explain the equation.

5 Diagram shows the graph y against x.

Which statement is true ?

3 The acceleration, a of an object is inversely
proportional to the mass, m of the object
under constant force.
Which of the following graphs describes the
relationship between a and m .
A x increases, y decreases
B y increases linearly with x
C the gradient of the graph is negative
D the gradient of the graph is decreased
6 Diagram shows the graph P against Q

Which statement is true ?

A P is inversely proportional to Q
B P increases , Q increases
C the gradient of the graph is increased
D the gradient of the graph is negative
7 Diagram shows the graph y against x.

Which of the following is true?

The gradient of the graph is A y is inversely proportional to x.

B Thr gradient of the graph is 2.
A 0.7 B 1.5 C The x-intercerpt is 10.
C -0.7 D - 1.5 D The equation of the graph is y = -2x +10

8 Diagram shows the graph speed, v against

time, t. 11 Diagram shows the graph P against Q.

16

Based on the graph , the unit of the gradient

of the graph is
The equation of the graph is
A m B m2 s
C ms2 D ms-2 A P = 20Q + 5 B P = 4Q + 10
C P = -4Q + 20 D P = 20Q - 5
9 Diagram shows the graph to relate H and K.
12 Diagram shows a graph is drawn based on the
result from an experiment.

The equation of the graph is represnted by

A H = 6K + 2 B H = 2K + 6
C K = 6H + 2 D K = 2H + 6

10 Diagram shows the graph y against x. Which of the following is not true regarding
to the graph?

A The topic of the graph is graph Force, F

against time, t.
B Time, t is the manipulated variable
C The gradient of the graph is 4 Ns-1
 D The force is directly proportional to the
time,
13 The graph shows the relationship between
physical quantities W and X.
Where f = the focal length of the lens , u =
the object distance and v = the image
distance..
Which of the following graph against u
can explains the lens equation.
`

Which of the following statement is

true?
A When X= 4 then W =5
B The gradient of the graph is 16 The following equation shows the relationship
between the image distance, v and the linear
C P is inversely proportional to Q magnification M for a convex lens 17
D The equation of the graph is
v – 10 = 10 M
W = 15X +
Which of the following graph v against M
14 The graph shows the relationship between
can explains the above equation.
J and t.

The relationship between J and t is

represented by the equation
17 The electromotive force , E of a dry cell is
A given by the formula
E = V + Ir
B Where V = Voltage , I = current and
r = internal resistance
When the graph V against I is plotted, the
C shape of the graph is shown in diagram
below.
D

15 The lens equation is given by the formula

 A B
C b D a

20 The resistance R and temperature T for an

Which of the following are represented the
electromotive force, E and the internal
resistance , r.
electric conductor is given as R = r + aT
with r as the resistance at 0oC and a is
constant.
A graph of R against T is shown .

E r
A T

B T

C T

D T What is the resistance ,R of the conductor at a

temperature 60oC ?

18 Diagram shows the graph that represents the A 35 B 47

Einstein’s equation ,
hf = W + K
where h = = Planck constant , f = frequency 21
of radiation , W = work function and
K = kinetic energy of photoelectron
C 86 D 93
Diagram shows two identical watermelons are
dropped from the same height, h, onto surface
A and a surface B respectively.

18

Which inference is correct?

A Impulsive force depends on velocity of

watermelon.
B Impulsive force depends on time of
impact
C Impulsive force depends on gravitational
force
D Impulsive force depends on height of
watermelon.
Which of the following is true?
W h 22 Diagram shows an investigation about the
stretching of a spring. Babies of different
A f-intercept gradient of graph
masses are supported by identical springs.
B gradient of graph f-intercept
C K-intercept gradient of graph
D f-intercept K-intercept

19 A student plot a graph for a physical

quantity , Q on axis-y against a physical
quantity ,R on axis –x
The relationship between Q and R is given by
as Q - aR = b , where a and b are constants.
The gradient of the graph is
 Which inference is correct? for water in a beaker left to cool. He pours hot
water into a beaker and takes time when the
A Extension of spring depends on diameter water temperature drops every 5 o C. .In this
of spring experiment, the variables involved are
B Extension of spring depends on mass
of baby Manipulated Responding Constant
C Mass of baby depends on diameter of variable variable variable
spring
D Mass of spring depends on diameter of
spring A Mass Time Temperature
B Time Temperature Mass
23 Diagram shows a worker pushing a C Temperature Time Mass
wheelbarrow on soft ground. He noticed that
D Time Mass Temperature
the tyre sinks deeper into the ground when the
wheelbarrow is loaded.
26 Diagram shows an electric circuit used to
investigate the relationship between the
resistance and the diameter of a wire.

Which hypothesis is correct?

A As the load increases , the depth of

sinking increases
B As the depth of sinking increases , the
load increases
C As the force increases , the pressure
increases Which of the following is correct?
D As the pressure increases , the force
increases
24 Diagram (a) shows an electromagnet being
used to lift scrap metal. Diagram (b) shows Variables
the same electromagnet being used to lift a Manipulated Respon Constant
19
bigger quantity of scrap metal when the ding
current flowing through it is increased. A Potential Resistance Diameter
difference of wire
B Current Potential Diameter
difference of wire
C Diameter of Resistance Length of
wire wire
D Resistance Current Length
of wire
27 The following steps are included in
(a) (b) scheduling data except
Which hypothesis is correct?
A Symbols of physical quantity
A The bigger the current the bigger B Unit of physical quantity
quantity of scrap metal are attached . C Name of physical quantity
B The bigger the current the smaller D Instrument used
quantity of scrap metal are attached .
C The bigger the current the bigger the 28 Which of the following is the best way to
stronger the electromagnet tabulate the data
D The bigger the current the bigger the
weaker Voltage 0 5 10 15 20
A (V)
Time 0 1.7 2.5 3.4 4.2
25 A student conducted an experiment to study (s)
the relationship between temperature and time
 Time, 2 4 6 8 10
B t (s)
Density,ρ 200 500 800 1000 12000
(kg m-3)

Distance 2.5 3.3 4.6 5.8 6.9

C d (m)
Period 10.5 15.3 19.8 27.9 36.0
T (s)

Distance 5.1 8.7 11.6 17.0 18.1

D u(cm)
32 Diagram shows a velocity-time graph. The
Distance 2.2 5 6.8 9.5 12
gradient of the graph represents the
v(cm)
acceleration and the area under the graph
represents the displacement..
29 Which of the following scales is the most
suitable to plot a graph?

A 1 cm : 3 unit B 1 cm : 5 unit
C 1 cm : 6 unit D 1 cm : 8.8 unit

Which quantity is the manipulated variable?

A Time B Velocity
C Acceleration D Displacement

30 Which of the following is the best graph ?

33 Diagram shows a graph of relationship
between wavelength , ,λ and the frequency ,
f.

20

31 A student carried out and experiment Which pair is correct?

involving the following variables.: Responding Relationship
variable
Manipulated variable : P
Responding variable : Q A λ is directly
Constant variable :R λ proportional to
f
Which of the following graph should be B λ is inversely
drawn? λ proportional to
f
C λ is directly
f proportional to
f
 D λ is inversely
f proportional to
f
34 A student carries out an experiment to
investigate the relationship between the mass,
m, and the increasingtemperature, ∆T, of
water. The initial temperature is 28 0C.The
time taken for water heating is the same.
The arrangement of the apparatus is shown in
Diagram 34.1
Diagram 34.1
At the beginning of the experiment the water
mass, m = 0.2 kg is put in a beaker. The initial
temperature of the water, Ti is recorded. The
final temperature of water, Tf is shown in
Diagram 34.2,
The procedure was repeated using water
mass, m = 0.25 kg, 0.30 kg, 0.35 kg and 0.40
kg, as shown in Diagram 34.3, 34.4, 34.5 and
34.6.
Diagram 34.2
Mass of water, m = 0.20 kg
Initial temperature , Ti = 28 0C
Final temperature, Tf = …………….0C
Increasing temperature, ∆T = ……………..0C
The procedure was repeated using water
mass, m = 0.25 kg, 0.30 kg, 0.35 kg and 0.40
kg, as shown in Diagram 25.3, 25.4, 25.5 and
25.6. 21
Diagram 34.3
Mass of water, m = 0.25 kg
Initial temperature , Ti = 28 0C Final temperature, Tf = …………….0C
Final temperature, Tf = …………….0C Increasing temperature, ∆T = ……………..0C
Increasing temperature, ∆T = ……………..0C

Diagram 34.6

Mass of water, m = 0.40 kg

Initial temperature , Ti = 28 0C
Diagram 34.4 Final temperature, Tf = …………….0C
Increasing temperature, ∆T = ……………..0C
Mass of water, m = 0.30 kg
Initial temperature , Ti = 28 0C
Final temperature, Tf = …………….0C
Increasing temperature, ∆T =……………..0C (a) For the experiment described , identify:
(i) the manipulated variable.
……………………………………… 22
[1 mark]
(ii) the responding variable.
………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(iii) the constant variable.
………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 34.2, 34.3, 34.4 .34.5 and
34.6:
(i) Record the final temperature, Tf in the
space provided.
[2 marks]

(ii) Calculate the increasing temperature, ∆T

using the formula
∆T = Tf - Ti
and write down in the space provided
[2 marks]

(iii) Tabulate your result for m, , Tf and

Diagram 34.5 ∆T in the space below.
Mass of water, m = 0.35 kg
Initial temperature , Ti = 28 0C
 [3 marks]
(c) On the graph paper on page 23, draw a
∆T against
[ 5 marks]
(d) Based on your graph in (c) , state the
relationship between ∆T and
………………………………………..
…………………………………………
[1 mark]

Graph of ∆T against

23

.
 Diagram 35

Based on the graph

(a) What happened to T when e increase

…………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Determine the period of
35 A student carried out an experiment to oscillations, T ,where is
investigate the relationship between the
elastic spring constant, e, with the period of 0.9 kg-1 s-2 On the graph how you
oscillation, T, for a spring steel. The student determine T2
uses a different spring elasticity and recorded
period, T, and set the corresponding mass
load, m, were used.
Students then plot the graph of T2 against as
in Diagram 35 [3 marks]
(ii) Calculate the gradient of the
graph,C
Show on the graph how you
determine the gradient.

[3 marks]

(iii) With the value obtained in (a) (ii)

and the equation,
24
C=4 m
calculate the mass of the load, m,
which is used
 (c) In your description, state clearly the
following:
[4 marks] (i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(c) State one precaution that should be taken (iii) List of apparatus and materials
in the course of this experiment (iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
………………………………………… (v) The procedure of the experiment
[1 mark] which include the method of
36 Diagram 36.1 and Diagram 36.2 show a controlling the manipulated
boxer punches the punch-ball with two variable and the method of
different sizes. The big punch-ball vibrates measuring the responding variable
more slowly than the small punch-ball. (vi) Way you would tabulate the data
(vii) Way you would analysis the

[10 marks]

Diagram 36.1

Diagram 36.2

Observe the vibrations of each of the punch-

ball.
Based on the observations:
State one suitable inference that can be 25
made.
(a) State one appropriate hypothesis for an
investigation.
[1 mark]
(b) With the use of apparatus such as spring,
slotted mass and other apparatus ,
describe an experimental framework to
test your hypothesis.
[1 mark]