NAME: CLINTON KIPROTICH

INDEX: 5781020403

INSTITUTION: THE ELDORET NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC

EXAMS SERIES: JUNE\JULY SERIES

SUPERVISOR: MR HILLARY MUTAI

PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL FOR AWARD
OF CRAFT CERTIFICATE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DATE; 18/06/2024
DECLARATION.
I Clinton Kiprotich certify that this project is my original work done myself under supervision by
teacher.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

I wish to acknowledge and give thanks to God for his guidance and gift of life, also thank my
parents for the support of sustaining me upon my studies also i need to thank the institution for
allowing me to study and get the best skills through the guidelines of the teacher ,Thank you all.
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES.

2.2 figure 1 …………….

3.1 figure 2………….

3.1 figure 3……

 TABLES OF CONTENTS.

TITTLE PAGE: ……..

DECLARATION: …….

ACKNOLEDGEMENT: …..

ABSTRACT: ….

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 : INTRODUCTION; ……..

1.1: DESCRIPTION: ……

1.2: STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS: …..

1.3: LIMMITATION: …

CHAPTER TWO

2.0; LITERATURE REVIEW: ….

2.1: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: ……

2.2: WORKING DRAWING: ….

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY FRAME WORK.

 ABSTRACT

A plunger crank is a mechanical component used in various system including engines and
pumps. When broken down, plunger is a cylindrical or rod-like devise that moves back and front
within a cylinder or housing. Crank is a rotating arm or lever connected to a shaft.

Plunger crank is driven by a motor; the rotary motion is converted into linear reciprocating
motion of the slider and the plunger through the connecting rod, thereby converting
mechanical energy into pressure energy.

In 1874, John Hawley patented the first Rubber Cup Plunger. The history of the household
plunger dates back to ancient civilizations, where rudimentary tools were used to clear
blockages in drainage systems. The modern concept of the plunger began to take shape in the
late 19th century.

Plunger crank is applicable in areas such as aerospace industries, automotive industries,

manufacturing industries, medical industries and electronic industries. Plunger crank is
designed to provide spring-loaded pressure to hold parts or components in places
 CHAPTER ONE.

1.0. INTRODUCTION.

A plunger crank is mechanical components used in various system including engines and
pumps. The plunger or a piston is actuated by a steam powered pneumatic by hydraulic or
electric drive rotary piston and plunger pump

1.1 DESCRIPTIONS.

Plunger is actuated by a steam powered pneumatic which uses a crank mechanism to create a
reciprocating motion along an axis which then builds pressure in a cylinder or working barrel to
force gas or fluids through the pump.

1.2. STATEMENTS OF PROBLEMS.

Hand cranking convenient and practical human hand cranking operating that quickly saves the
problem. Powerful unclogging remove dirt from clogged drain toilets and kitchen pipes with the
powerful spring steel wire. Versatile application suitable for all types of piping including toilets
ideal for domestic and commercial environments. Materials made with premium material for
long term use and multiple applications.

1.3. LIMITATIONS.

A plunger crank has more vibrations due to reverse motion; although rotational speed is
generally lower those dynamic pumps.

Plunger crank has tendency of two cavitation due to acceleration head, especially with long
suction pipes.
 CHAPTER TWO.
2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW

According R. Kumar and S. Patel [2017] in his book Plunger crank focuses on the design and
analysis of plunger crank mechanism tailored for reciprocating pumps, exploring its
performances characteristics and efficiency.

According to B. Sharma [2015] dynamic simulation of a plunger crank mechanism in a piston

pump contest, aiming to understands its dynamic behavior under different operating conditions

According to C. Singh [2019] optimization of a plunger crank mechanism for enhance efficiency
in Agricultural sprayers, it focuses on improvements and performance through design
refinements.

According to E. Jones [2016] experimental investigation of wear characteristics in plunger crank

mechanism of hydraulic systems it contain factors affecting the lifespan of plunger crank
mechanism within hydraulic system
2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.

Kinematic is an aspect that deals with geometry and motion of the mechanism without
considering the involved. This includes analysis the relationship displacement, velocity and
acceleration of the plunger crank component as they more relative to each other.

Dynamic: this involves study of force acting on the component of the plunger crank mechanism.
This includes analysis of the forces transmitted through the connecting rod on the crankshaft
and the inertial force experience during motion.
2.2.WORKING DRAWING.

fig 1
 CHAPTER. 3
3.1 METHODOLOGY FRAMEWORK

Fig 2
Fig 3
 CHAPTER 4.
4.1. FINDINGS

A plunger crank mechanism is often using to convert liner motion into rotational motion into mechanical
advantage providing increased force output compared to input force. Proper design and optimization of
plunger crank mechanism can enhance stability, reduce friction and improve overall efficiency in various
mechanical systems.

4.2 CONCLUSION.

The plunger crank mechanism is a versatile and fundamental mechanical linkage used in various
applications including automotive engines, reciprocating pumps. The plunger crank can also be
customizing to suit specific requirements, allowing for various in size, shape and performance. Plunger
crank also provide mechanical advantage enabling, the to generate high forces.

4.3. RECOMMENDATION

Incorporate plunger crank in automotive engines to enhance efficiency, reduce emission and improve
performance. Implement plunger crank mechanisms, reciprocating pumps and compressors to achieve
precise fluid control, increased pressure and reduces energy consumption. Integrate plunger crank
mechanisms into hydraulic system for precise control of fluids flow pressure enabling smooth and
efficient operation.

REFFERENCES

Mechanical engineering science by author, R. Kumar and design by S. Patel in the year 2017.

Mechanical engineering science by author Sharma and published by S.Patel in year 2015.

Mechanical engineering science by author, C.Singh mechanical design in the year 2019

Mechanical engineering science by author according to Jones in the year 2016.