Experiment Observation Inference

1.Colour: the Pink Presence of Co²+

Colour of salt is Blue Presence of Cu²+
noted Dark brown Presence of Fe²+
White May be absence
of Co²+ , Cu²+,
Fe²+

2.Smell : the Pungent ammoniacal May be presence

pinch of salt is smell of NH4+
rubbed with a
drop a water Vinegar smell may be presence
of CH3COO-
No characteristics smell May be absence
of NH4+
CH3COO-

3.Appearance Crystalline May be presence

the appearance of
of the salt is Powdery SO4²-,Cl-,NO3-,Br
noted -, CH3COO-,

May be presence
of CO3²-

4.Action of 1. Colourless , 1. May be

heat the pinch odourless gas presence of
of salt is evolved which CO3
heated gently turns lime water 2. May be
in a dry test milky. presence of
tube. 2. Reddish brown gas NO3-
evolved turns 3. May be
ferrous sulphate presence of
 solution black. NH4+
3. Salt sublimes with 4. May be
evolution of presence of
pungent smelling Cl-
gas giving dense 5. May be
white fumes with a presence of
glass rod dipped in Br-
Conc.HCl. 6. May be
4. Pungent smell , presence of
white fumes with Zn²+
ammonia 7. May be
5. Reddish brown gas presence of
evolved turns CH3COO-
starch paper 8. may be
orange yellow. presence of
6. The salt turned PbNO3
yellow when hot 9. May be
and white when presence of
cold. Ba²+,Ca²+,M
7. Evolved vapour g²+, Al³+.
given vinegar like 10. May be
smell and salt absence of
turned black. Cl-,NO3-,Br-,
8. Salt decrepitated. CH3COO-.
9. White residue
glows on heating
No characteristics
changes
5.Flame test: a 1. Brick red flame 1. Presence of
small amount 2. Dull bluish white Ca²+
of the salt is flame 2. Presence of
made into a 3. Grassy green Pb²+
paste with colour flame. 3. Presence of
conc.HCl in a 4. Green flashes Ba²+
watch glass 5. No characteristics 4. Presence of
and introduced changes Zn²+
into the 5. May be
non-luminous absence of
part of the
bunsen flames Ca²+,Pb²+,Ba²+,Z
n²+
Identification of acid radical
6.Action of 1.Brisk effervescence Presence of
Dil.HCl of colourless gas, carbonate
To a small odourless gas
amount of the turning lime water
salt dil.hcl is milky Absence of
added carbonate
2. No characteristics
gas is evolved
7.Action of 1. Colourless gas with 1. Presence of
conc.H2SO4 pungent smell , Cl-
To a pinch of white fumes with 2. Presence of
salt in the test aqueous NH4OH Br-
tube 2 ml of and white ppt. Is 3. Presence of
conc.H2SO4 is obtained on adding NO3-
added. 2 ml of AgNO3. 4. Presence of
2. Reddish brown CH3COO-
vapours with 5. Absence of
pungent smell turns Cl-, Br-,
starch paper CH3COO-,
yellow. NO3-
3. Reddish brown gas
with pungent smell
turns FeSO4 soln
black
4. Colourless vapours
with smell of
vinegar turns blue
litmus red
5. No characteristics
 changes
8.BaCl2 test 1. A white precipitate 1. Presence of
A small amount insoluble in SO4²-
of salt is boiled conc.Hcl 2. Absence of
with dil.Hcl in a 2. No white ppt sulphate
test tube and
filtered. To a
filtrate add few
drops of BaCl2
Confirmatory test for Acid radical

Confirmatory ● Colourless ● Carbonate is

test for CO3²- odourless gas with confirmed
● Dil.Hcl brisk effervescence ● Carbonate is
test to a turning lime water confirmed
small milky evolved.
amount of ● A white ppt in the
salt cold confirmed the
solution, presence of soluble
dil.Hcl is carbonate
added.
● To a salt
solution 2
ml of
magnesiu
m
sulphate
is added.
Confirmation ● A curdy white ppt ● Chloride is
of Cl- completely soluble confirmed
1. Silver in excess of
nitrate test NH4OH is obtained
to few
drops of
the
 original
soln 2 ml
of AgNO3 2. Red, orange 2. Chloride is
solution is vapours evolved confirmed
added. and white ppt is
2. Chromyl obtained when
chloride passed through
test dil.acetic acid and
To an lead acetate
original solution
solution
add a
pinch of
K2Cr2O7
and
heated
with a
drops of
conc.H2S
O4