Mastering Citations in APA 7th Edition Brown, J., & Jones, M. (2022).

Critical thinking skills

in education: A review of the literature. Journal of
 Citations acknowledge the sources you use to
Educational Research, 72(3), 250-265.exclamation
support your ideas and arguments. They help
readers locate the original work and ensure • Website:
your writing is credible.
National Institute of Mental Health. (2021, April 28).
Types of In-Text Citations: Anxiety Disorders.
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-
• Author-Year Citation: Used for paraphrased or
disorders
summarized information. (Smith, 2023). exclamation
Remember:
• Direct Quote Citation: Used for verbatim quotes.
"This is a direct quote" (Smith, 2023, p. 12). • Check your instructor's guidelines for any specific
citation requirements. • Utilize online resources like
Formatting In-Text Citations:
the APA Style website (https://apastyle.apa.org/) for
• Include the author's last name and publication year in additional guidance and examples.
parentheses. • For multiple authors, separate names
with commas and use "&" before the last author.
(Smith & Jones, 2023). COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC
PURPOSES: MODULE 7
• For more than two authors, use "et al." after the first
author's name following the first citation. (Smith et al., DEFINITION
2023).
 Academic writing is a style of writing specific
• For direct quotes, include the page number after the to the needs of education and research. It is
publication year. characterized by its formality, objectivity, and
use of evidence to support claims.
Examples:
FEATURES OF ACADEMIC WRITING
• Book (One Author): A recent study suggests that
social media use can have negative effects on mental  Formal
health (Smith, 2023).  Objective
 Structured
• Journal Article (Two Authors): The importance of
 Evidenced-based
critical thinking skills in education is emphasized by
 Precise
many researchers (Brown & Jones, 2022). • Website:
 Cited
According to a mental health organization, anxiety
disorders affect millions of people globally ([National PURPOSES OF ACADEMIC WRITING
Institute of Mental Health], 2021).
 •To inform
Creating the Reference List:  •To analyze
 •To persuade
• The reference list provides complete information
 •To report
about the sources you cited in your paper.
 •To argue
• Double-space the entire reference list.
SOME COMMON EXAMPLES
• Use a hanging indent for all lines after the first line of
RESEARCH PAPERS
each entry. • Alphabetize the reference list by the first
author's last name (or by title if no author is  These are in-depth analyses of a specific topic,
available). often requiring original research or data
collection. They typically follow a structured
Reference List Examples:
format like Introduction, Literature Review,
• Book (One Author): Methodology, Results, Discussion, and
Conclusion (IMRAD) and heavily rely on
Smith, A. (2023). The impact of social media on cited sources.
mental health. ABC Publishing. • Journal Article (Two
Authors): ESSAYS
 Essays can cover a wide range of topics and
lengths, but in an academic setting, they
present an argument or analysis supported by
evidence.

DISSERTATIONS AND THESES
 These are lengthy research projects undertaken
by graduate students. They delve deeply into a
specific topic, often requiring original
research, data analysis, and a significant
contribution to the field of study.
LAB REPORTS
 These reports document the procedures,
results, and analysis of a scientific experiment.
They are concise and objective, focusing on
the methodology and findings.
LITERATURE REVIEWS
 These analyze and synthesize existing research
on a particular topic. They critically evaluate
different perspectives and identify gaps in
knowledge.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES
 These are lists of sources with brief summaries
and evaluations explaining their relevance to a
particular topic.
BOOK REVIEWS
 Academic book reviews critically evaluate
scholarly books, analyzing their strengths,
weaknesses, and contribution to the field.
CITATIONS & PLAGIARISM
• Citations are a way to acknowledge the
sources you use in your writing. They give
credit to the original authors of ideas and
information you incorporate into your work.
THERE ARE DIFFERENT CITATION STYLES
 APA
 MLA
 Chicago
DIFFERENT FORMS OF PLAGIARISM
1. Copying and pasting text directly from a
source without quotation marks or citations.
2. Paraphrasing too closely without properly
attributing the original idea.
3. Summarizing information from a source
without citing it.
4. Not citing any sources, even if you paraphrase
or summarize.
How Citations Prevent Plagiarism
1. By citing your sources, you are clearly indicating
which information and ideas are yours and which come
from other sources.
2. This demonstrates academic integrity and shows that
you are giving credit where credit is due.
3. When you cite correctly, it allows readers to find the
original sources you used and learn more about the
topic.
ADDITIONAL TIPS TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
1. Take good notes
2. Paraphrase in your own words
3. Use quotation marks
4. Use a plagiarism checker