HELPING UPLIFT THE DIGNITY AND WORTH OF

WOMEN: WORKLIFE OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

FOCAL PERSONS

A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty
of the Graduate School of
University of Cebu
Cebu City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Science in Criminal
Justice with Specialization in
Criminology

by

INSERT Y. NAME

April 2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page i
Table of Contents ii

Chapter

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

Rationale of the Study 1

Theoretical Background 3

THE PROBLEM 20

Statement of the Problem 20

Significance of the Study 20

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 23

Research Design 23

Research Environment 24

Research Informants 28

Research Instruments 29

Research Procedures 29

Data Gathering 30

Data Analysis 31
 Ethical Considerations 32

Trustworthiness 34

DEFINITION OF TERMS 37

REFERENCES 38

APPENDICES

A- Transmittal Letter 42

B- Informed Consent Form 52

C- Interview Guide 62

D- Location Map 65

CURRICULUM VITAE 66
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Rationale

Throughout history, women have served as the cornerstone of

societies, weaving the intricate tapestries of human progress. From nurturing

future generations as caregivers and educators to driving innovation and

social change as leaders and entrepreneurs, their contributions defy

quantification. To relegate women to a secondary role is to diminish the very

wellspring of human potential, silencing the voices and hindering the talents

that propel societies forward. Recognizing the full spectrum of women's

contributions, both historical and contemporary, is not simply a matter of

equality, but a necessity for ensuring a vibrant and thriving future for all.

Women in much of the world lack support for fundamental functions

of a human life. They are less well-nourished than men, less healthy, more

vulnerable to physical violence and sexual abuse. They are much less likely

than men to be literate, and still less likely to have pre-professional or

technical education. Should they attempt to enter the workplace, they face

greater obstacles, including intimidation from family or spouse, sex

discrimination in hiring, and sexual harassment in the workplace – all,

frequently, without effective legal recourse. Similar obstacles often impede

 2

their effective participation in political life. In many nations women are not

full equals under the law: they do not have the same property rights as men,

the same rights to make a contract, the same rights of association, mobility,

and religious liberty.

The pursuit of equal rights for women has been a slow process.

Several issues which are questionable in describing gender sensitivity are

still reflected in the different aspects of human life (Queriones, 2018).

But now, people are slowly breaking these stereotypes wherein

women have entered the realm of business and industry. They are now given

opportunities to perform tasks given to men. Despite this change, they still

are facing persistent discrimination based on their gender. They are paid

less, promoted less often, and assigned to specific jobs despite their

qualifications and motivations; and they are made to feel unwelcome, like

intruders into an all-male preserve (Kimmel, 2004).

Gender equality remains a critical challenge in the Philippines, despite

existing. While GAD aims to achieve equal opportunities for men and

women, its successful implementation hinges on the work of GAD Focal

Persons. Amidst their efforts, women are still made to feel the need to walk

the extra mile. Even if they have fought so long for recognition in a world
 3

that views them as second-class citizens. That explains the importance and

impact of GAD focal persons in enhancing the capacities of both genders in

the attainment of developmental goals. This correlates to the purpose of this

study; which is to identify the gaps and challenges with the current policies

and programs available, and how it would be addressed to attain a better

resolution.

As a criminologist, and a teacher of future persons in authority, the

researcher feels the need to conduct an in-depth study centered on the lived

experiences of GAD focal persons in the implementation of gender

sensitivity programs. Given that this is least a relevant topic that has limited

studies and needs more emphasis to improve the programs and services

already offered. This will not only be beneficial for the GAD focal persons,

but also government administrators or legislators and the Filipino citizens in

the broader community.

Theoretical Background

This study is anchored on Self-efficacy Theory by Albert Bandura

(1977) and supported by Competence Motivation Theory of Harter (1978)

and Model of Skill Acquisition Theory by Stuart and Hubert Dreyfus (1980).
 4

Bandura (1977a) has conceptualized behavioral change as being

mediated by a common cognitive mechanism, self-efficacy. Self-percepts of

efficacy are concerned with an individual's belief that he/she can

successfully execute the behavior requi1.d to produce a certain outcome.

Efficacy expectations serve to determine an individual's choice of activity,

the amount of effort that will be expended, and persistence in the face of

obstacles or aversive stimuli. Bandura states that self-efficacy cognitions are

situation-specific rather than reflecting a global personality trait.

A second aspect of the Self-Efficacy Theory relates to the multiple

determination of self-efficacy. The impact of any single source of efficacy

information will partly depend on the total configuration of efficacy

experiences in which it occurs. Because people have met with different types

and amounts of efficacy-relevant experiences, there is little reason to assume

that providing one new source of efficacy information will affect everyone

uniformly. Extinguishing fear arousal to threats will raise efficacy

expectations, but more so in persons who have had occasional performance

successes than in those who have consistently failed in their coping attempts

(Bandura & Adams, 1977).

The perceived efficacy may operate as a cognitive mechanism by

which controllability reduces fear arousal receives support from

 5

microanalysis of anticipatory and performance arousal as a function of

varying strengths of coping efficacy. On tasks for which people judged

themselves efficacious, a low strength of efficacy was accompanied by high

anticipatory and performance arousal, whereas a strong sense of efficacy

resulted in little fear arousal. As they approached the upper bounds of their

perceived efficacy with weaker assuredness, they performed threatening

activities with a great deal of fear (Bandura, Adams, Hardy & Howells,

1980).

Maddux (1995) presented that Self-efficacy theory focuses on the

cognitive aspects of mastery and effectiveness rather than on more affective

constructs such as needs, motives, values, and feelings of efficacy. Yet, to

focus on cognitions and expectations is not to diminish the importance of the

affective and evaluative aspects of perceived control and mastery. A

comprehensive explanation of human behavior and adjustment needs to

consider the individual's inherent motivation toward mastery and

achievement, the feelings of satisfaction one derives from meeting

challenges and overcoming obstacles, the value attached to the specific goal

or outcome sought at a given time and place, and the individual's assessment

of the likelihood of attaining the goal or goals-an assessment that includes

 6

beliefs about behavior-outcome contingencies and beliefs about personal

ability.

According to Eastman and Marzillier (1984), Bandura's claims for

self-efficacy extend beyond discrete tasks with limited outcomes. He regards

it as a central mediating mechanism that serves to explain how all treatments

produce successful therapeutic benefits. Self- 226 Eastman and Marzillier

efficacy is apparently seen as the link between successful performance in

treatment and generalized treatment.

Harter's (1978, 1981) competence motivation theory may lead to a

better understanding of why children participate and possibly why they

discontinue participation. That is, children high in perceived physical

competence may be more apt to drop out if their skills have not improved or

they have not learned new skills. Similarly, children who are high in

perceived social competence may lean toward attrition when affiliation-

related motives are not met.

Competence Motivation Theory posits that people will tend to engage

in certain behaviors if they believe they are capable of executing those

behaviors successfully. The model of competence motivation predicts that

participants will gain intrinsic pleasure from experiencing themselves as

 7

competent when they try to master a task or activity (mastery attempts). If

mastery attempts are successful and significant adults and peers respond

with approval and reinforcement, they will experience increased perceptions

of competence and control, positive affect, and motivation to continue

demonstrating competence (Perry & Hamm, 2017).

The focus of this theory is the concept of perceived competence,

which is an individual’s self-assessment of his or her ability to accomplish

the skills necessary to meet environmental demands. Competence

Motivation Theory specifies mastery attempts and includes constructs that

are salient to the physical domain, thus, many studies have found support for

this theory (Zou, Liu & Yang, 2012).

Harter's competence motivation theory also refers to the propensity

for demonstrating competence in a particular achievement area, the person

high in perceived physical competence, for example, would likely be

motivated to participate for physical competence-related reasons such as the

desire to compete and to learn or improve skills. Conversely, the individual

high in perceived social competence may likely be motivated by more social

reasons such as being with friends and enjoying a team atmosphere (Dweck

& Molden, 2017).

 8

Model of Skill Acquisition Theory by Stuart Dreyfus and Hubert

Dreyfus the development of skills in an ongoing and lifelong process.

Although these skills are necessary to be effective in their work, individual

must progress through each stage of expertise and must draw on their

experience of solving problems in the context to reach higher levels of

expertise. Each time individuals acquire a new skill, they start at the novice

stage where they need to learn the facts and the rules for determining proper

course of action (Honken, 2013).

Theory Model of Skill Acquisition believes skill is an intuitive

reflection of the body which is based in experience. However, it also

neglected that skillful activity does not consist in mechanically separable

movements that are directed toward a physical object, but a certain way of

dealing with things and persons involving know-how in respect to contexts

of purposes in use. Accordingly, acquiring a skill involves two types of

norms, operational norms and social norms. It clearly emphasized in his

“Skill Model” is only the operational norm of skill. As an ability of

knowing-how, skill acquisition, skill transfer, and the judgment of skill are

based on social norms (Lyon, 2015).

 9

Mastery, the sixth stage in the acquisition of skill by means of

instruction followed by experience, is achieved by only a small fraction of

the thousands, or in certain domains millions, of individuals who are domain

experts. To explain why, it is necessary first to review the five stages leading

from novice to expert that we have previously identified. In doing this, we

have introduced a subtle, but important, rethinking and rewording of what

might be called one’s “intuitive perspective” as it enters our account at stage

four, proficiency. Mastery, it then turns out, is available only to strongly

motivated experts who not only have exceptional natural talent but who are

also willing and able continually to enlarge the number of intuitive

perspectives and actions that, with experience, come naturally and

effortlessly to them (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 2008).

The theory also extended the view that expert professors and lawyers,

skilled in a profession that sometimes requires spontaneous responses, have

available, if sufficiently dedicated, both the deliberative and the alternative,

non-reflective road to mastery that can be used when time permits after the

event (White, 2020).

To sum up the Model of Skill Acquisition theory states that when an

expert learns, she must either create a new perspective in a situation when a
 10

learned perspective has failed, or improve the action guided by a particular

intuitive perspective when the intuitive action proves inadequate. A master

will not only continue to do this, but will also, in situations where she is

already capable of what is considered adequate expert performance, be open

to a new intuitive perspective and accompanying action that will lead to

performance that exceeds conventional expertise. Thus, the brain of the

master doesn’t use any different operational principles while performing at a

higher level of skill than that of the expert (Sweeney, 2006).

Gender-inequalities stem not only from pre-existing differences in

economic endowments (wealth, income, etc.) between women and men, but

also from pre-existing gendered social norms and social perceptions, that is,

the inequalities are also ideologically embedded (Agarwal, 2007). As

observed in traditional ideology women can only be seen at home taking

care of the children, cleaning the house, doing the laundry, preparing meals

and looking after the needs of their husbands, while men are expected to

provide for their families. Though fathers are said to be the pillar of the

house, but mothers are whom we call the light of the home. They are often

seen as the source of guidance and support for their families. It may seem to

be a simple and small task to fulfill, but such duty creates a substantial effect

to the society. For thousands of years since the civilization of man, societies
 11

has been long lead and dominated by men; be it in the political arena,

academe, sports, arts, and in the world of business.

Little are there the times when they are being viewed as an equal or as

much as capable as men. This practice has been a norm since time

immemorial which has caused various advocates the peddling of women

empowerment.

Care is a social good; it not only sustains and reproduces society, but

also underpins all development progress. Yet the vast majority of care work

is done free, at home; and it is widely seen as a female responsibility. This

gender division of labour has profound implications for women and girls –

both in terms of their daily lives and options, and their status in society

(Chopra & Sweetman, 2014).

According to the World Health Organization (2024), gender refers to

the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially

constructed. This includes norms, behaviors and roles associated with being

a woman, man, girl or boy, as well as relationships with each other. As a

social construct, gender varies from society to society and can change over

time. Gender is hierarchical and produces inequalities that intersect with

other social and economic inequalities. Gender-based discrimination

 12

intersects with other factors of discrimination, such as ethnicity,

socioeconomic status, disability, age, geographic location, gender identity

and sexual orientation, among others. This is referred to as intersectionality.

Additionally, there is growing global recognition of the intersections

between violence against women and violence against children. The current

evidence shows intersections between intimate partner violence against

women and violence against children by parents or caregivers, but limited

evidence is available on the links between other forms of violence against

women and violence against children. Both violence against women by their

(male) intimate partners and violence against children by parents or

caregivers are widespread globally (WHO, 2024).

The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (BPFA), adopted by

consensus in 1995, is a visionary agenda for the empowerment of women

which also one of the reference framework to analyze the situation of

women around the world and to assess the efforts of states in support of

women’s empowerment. In response and as well as pursuant to Section 14,

Article II of the Constitution provides that the State recognizes the role of

women in nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before

the law of women and men, former president Fidel V. Ramos signed
 13

Executive Order (EO) 273 which adopted the Philippine Plan for Gender

Responsive Development for 1995-2025.

In the study of Sanga (2008) it is widely acknowledged that gender is

not only a moral issue but also, and more importantly, a development issue.

Despite this recognition, insufficient progress has been made in addressing

gender issues both nationally and internationally. The lack of reliable

gender-sensitive information has been identified as an obstacle to the

development of sound policy formulation and decision-making with respect

to gender inequalities and the empowerment of women.

Women often receive lower pay for the same or comparable work, and

they are frequently blocked in their chances for advancement, especially to

positions. There is usually an imbalance in the amount of housework d child

care a wife does compared to her husband, even when both spend same

amount of time in paid work outside the home. When women professionals

are matched with men of comparable productiveness, men still get greater

recognition for their work and move up career ladders faster. On an overall

basis, gender inequality means that work most often done by women, :h as

teaching small children and nursing, is paid less than work most when done

by men, such as construction and mining (Lorber, 2010).

 14

The Swedish Institute has added equality and states that gender

equality is a concept that means that men and women should have the same

opportunities, rights, and obligations in all areas of life. Moreover, there

should be an equal distribution of both genders in all aspects of society and

every man and woman should have the right to balance work and family

obligations. Gender equality is also about ensuring that both genders

knowledge and experiences are used to create improvements in all aspects of

life (Swedish Institute, 2013).

An aspect of gender inequality that receives a great deal of attention

from academics and policymakers is decision-making power within the

household. A woman’s say in household decisions is one aspect of her well-

being and thus an end in itself, but the keen interest in female empowerment

is in large part because it is believed to be a means of improving children’s

outcomes (Duflo, 2012).

Aronsson and Frykberg (2022) confirmed in their study that there is a

need for higher female representation in the workforce, especially in top and

decision-making positions. While one focus group, containing older

participants, were surprised that a study on gender quotas was necessary

today, the other two saw it as a matter of fact. It was also made clear in the
 15

study that gender quotas are generally perceived as negative by the younger

generations, most focus group participants stated that while it is necessary to

increase female representation, they would not want a job placement based

on gender quotas because it would make them doubt their own skills. The

older generation, however, would not care if they received a job placement

based on gender quotas, because they would assume that they have the right

qualifications anyway. However, they did agree that the gender quota

concept had a negative connotation.

Like in other Asian countries, Filipino women are stifled by a

patriarchal society emphasizing male dominance in family structures and

larger social institutions. Traditionally, Filipino men are household heads

and breadwinners; women are deemed subservient, hence economic abuse is

common in VAW cases, and a high acceptance of justified wife beating

exists. Women's pleasures are considered objects to pursue or control, hence

they are regarded as vulnerability. Few women seek help because of

expectations to be self-sacrificing, thus giving up safety and security in favor

of family reputation. Defying gender norms invites objectification, shame,

guilt, and even justification of violence, hence the culture of victim-blaming

(Valdez, et. al., 2022).

 16

The Philippines is among one of the most gender-equal countries in

the Western Pacific region. Nevertheless, it is evident that the sociocultural

landscape lags behind: one in four Filipino women has experienced gender-

based violence, and 41% of victims do not seek help. Despite existing laws

and a widespread local anti-violence against women (VAW) movement,

multiple barriers to help-seeking exist, and it is ultimately the economic,

sociopolitical and cultural structures in the Philippines hindering VAW

victims from seeking support (Valdez, et. al., 2022).

VAW is deemed to be closely linked with the unequal power relation

between women and men, otherwise known as “gender-based violence.”

Societal norms and traditions dictate people think that men are the leaders,

pursuers, and providers and take on the dominant roles in society. At the

same time, women are the nurturers, men’s companions, and supporters, and

they take on subordinate roles in society. This perception leads men to gain

more power over women. Hence, VAW becomes a form of men’s

expression of control over women to retain power.

In the study by UNFPA (2021) More than a year into the COVID-19

pandemic, untold suffering and deaths has now devastated millions of people

throughout the world. The gendered impacts of this health crisis are
 17

emerging, particularly the constraints placed on sexual and reproductive

health needs and an escalation in the incidence of gender-based violence.

Yet these need further investigation as the differences vary across subgroups

of women and girls. But even before the COVID-19 pandemic hit,

increasing gender inequality has already been documented. Filipina women

are being economically marginalized, politically subordinated, and

restrictions put on their reproductive decisions. Women and girls experience

multiple and disproportionate burdens of care work, and suffer from gender

stereotyping, stigmatization, and sexual shaming. One out of four ever-

married Filipina women report enduring physical, sexual or emotional

violence.

As Gender Ombud, the Commission on Human Rights (CHR)

denounces and calls for justice for the recent series of separate heinous

violence committed against women in various areas in the country. These

grave violations remind us of the continuing vulnerability of women and the

prevalence of gender-based violence against them in the hands of intimate

partners and strangers alike. There is a need to strengthen the teeth of laws

that aim to protect women. We reiterate the need for the strong

implementation of the Anti-Violence Against Women and Anti-Rape Act to

demonstrate that all cases of violence against women are swiftly acted upon
 18

and to deter similar offenses. As a party to the United Nations (UN)

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against

Women, it is also expedient that the government continues to take proactive

efforts to raise awareness and amplify campaigns that seek to prevent all

forms of discrimination and violence against women. The active

involvement and vigilance of all sectors of society are also enjoined to truly

cultivate a culture of respect and create a safe space for all women (CHR,

2023).

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) in

Davao Region has noted an increasing number of gender-based violence

cases in the Davao region, which is attributed to the intensive advocacy

campaign for women’s rights and gender equality. Compared with the data

in 2022, there was an uptrend in the cases of all forms of violence against

women in 2023 (Oplianda, 2024).

Philippine Commission on Women (2024) said that violence against

women (VAW) appears as one of the country’s pervasive social problems.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, 17.5% of Filipino women

aged 15-49 have experienced any form of physical, sexual, and emotional

violence from their intimate partners. As of 2021, there were 8,399 reported
 19

cases of physical violence, 1,791 on rape, and 1,505 on acts of

lasciviousness. It is alarming that despite addressing the concern, VAW

persists.

With all the theories and related literature, this research aims to delve

into the lived experiences of Gender and Development focal person in the

implementation of gender sensitivity programs in Cebu City. Gender

inequality and gender-based violence can be addressed by amplifying the

existence of GAD focal persons to empower women to stand up for

themselves. In this study, the researcher seeks to explore and understand

beyond revelation negative experiences of GAD focal persons, how they

address the problems they encountered along the way and their aspirations to

improve their services.

 20

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to explore the experiences of Gender and

Development (GAD) focal persons in the implementation of gender

sensitivity programs, Cebu city, Philippines.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the experiences of the informants in the

implementation of gender sensitivity programs?

2. How do the informants address the problems encountered in the

implementation of gender sensitivity programs?

3. What are the aspirations of the informants to improve their

services?

Significance of the Study

The researcher is convinced that the results would help the following

persons or agencies both national and local government agencies in terms of

formulation of proper guidelines and policies regarding implementation of

gender sensitivity programs in the barangay setting. This study is significant

to the following entities:

GAD Focal Persons. This study will benefit the GAD focal persons

as it the information from the result will be used to improve the design and
 21

delivery of future programs. The data from this study will reveal successful

strategies employed by other focal persons. This allows them to learn from

each other and improve their own program implementation.

Community. The data being gathered in this study will serve as

awareness to the community especially as to how gender sensitivity

programs can help improve the living and relationship of the barangay

residents given that these programs are readily available at every barangay

hall.

DSWD. The study can shed light on the challenges faced by focal

persons in the implementation of gender sensitivity programs. Addressing

these issues can significantly improve the effectiveness of DSWD's gender

sensitivity programs.

PNP-WCPD. The study can provide the Philippine National Police –

Women and Children’s Desk information on gender-based violence cases in

the barangay level highlighting the importance of collaboration between

WCPD officers and GAD Focal Persons that can lead to a more coordinated

and effective response to gender-based violence in the locality.

DILG. The study can help develop better metrics for monitoring and

evaluating the effectiveness of gender sensitivity programs in LGUs. This

allows the DILG to track progress and identify areas where additional
 22

support is needed.

Local Government Units (LGU). This study will aid the local

government sector in rendering assistance for the improvement of the

implementation of gender sensitivity programs.

Researcher. This would help her give insights on the experiences of

the gender and development focal persons and this will serve as a guide for

future suggestions of awareness and development based on the judgment of

this research for amendatory purposes.

Future Researchers. They could make use of the findings of the

study as a reference in future research related to the gender and development

specifically in the implementation of gender sensitivity programs.

 23

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study employed a qualitative method of research with an aid of a

questionnaire. To inquire the informant’s views on lived experiences of the

gender and development focal persons in handling gender sensitivity

programs.

Phenomenology is recognized as the appropriate approach to this

present study as it focused on human phenomenon and its importance

especially to criminology as a field of discipline. As this is a qualitative

analysis of narrative data, methods to analyze its data must be quite different

from more traditional or quantitative methods of research. Essentially, you

are focused on meaning, the meaning of the experience, behavior and

narrative (Paley, 2016).

As to Boeije (2009), phenomenology is sometimes considered a

philosophical perspective as well as an approach to qualitative methodology.

It has a long history in several social research disciplines including

psychology, sociology and social work. Phenomenology is a school of

thought that emphasizes a focus on people's subjective experiences and

interpretations of the world. That is, the phenomenologist wants to

understand how the world appears to others. Phenomenological methods are

 24

particularly effective at bringing to the fore the experiences and perceptions

of individuals from their own perspectives, and therefore at challenging

structural or normative assumptions. Adding an interpretive dimension to

phenomenological research, enabling it to be used as the basis for practical

theory, allows it to inform, support or challenge policy and action.

Research Environment

This research will be conducted in Cebu City, a coastal highly

urbanized city in the Central Visayas region. Although administratively

independent due to its distinction as highly urbanized city, Cebu City is

commonly grouped with the island province of Cebu. The highly urbanized

city also serves as the provincial capital as well as the regional center of

Central Visayas. The city has a land area of 315.00 square kilometers or

121.62 square miles. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was

964,169. Cebu city is comprised of 80 barangays where 10 of which are

specifically selected for the conduct of interview.

Barangay Calamba in Cebu City is a vibrant and dynamic community

with a rich cultural heritage. The barangay is named after the Tagalog word

"kalamba," which means a wide-mouthed earthen water jar. The population

of barangay Calamba according to the census conducted last 2020 dropped

to 9,834 of residents, representing 1.02% of the total population of Cebu

 25

City. The barangay has a rich history, with the street formerly named

Calamba now named Vicente Rama Street, after Don Vicente Rama, the

Father of Cebu City. Don Vicente was a well-known figure in Philippine

politics, serving as a member of the Municipal Board of Cebu, a

congressman of the old 3rd District of Cebu, Mayor of Cebu City, and

Senator of the Republic.

The population of Cogon Pardo was 23,828 in 2020, representing

2.47% of the total population of Cebu City. The barangay has a rich history,

with its population growing from 5,340 in 1990 to 23,828 in 2020, an

increase of 18,488 people over the course of 30 years. However, the latest

census figures in 2020 denote a negative growth rate of 0.99%, or a decrease

of 580 people, from the previous population of 12,596 in 2015.

Barangay Guadalupe in Cebu City has a population of 70,039 as of

2020, representing 7.26% of the total population of Cebu City. The barangay

has experienced steady population growth over the past three decades, with

the population increasing from 40,696 in 1990 to 70,039 in 2020. The latest

census figures in 2020 denote a positive growth rate of 2.87%, or an increase

of 8,801 people, from the previous population of 61,238 in 2015. The age

group with the highest population in Guadalupe is 20 to 24, with 6,845

individuals.
 26

Barangay Hipodromo in Cebu City is a fourth-level administrative

division located in the northern part of the city, named after the old Cebu

City Hippodrome, which is now a settlement. The barangay has a population

of 9,574 as of 2020, representing 0.99% of the total population of Cebu

City. The population of Hipodromo grew from 7,343 in 1990 to 9,574 in

2020, an increase of 2,231 people over the course of 30 years. The latest

census figures in 2020 denote a negative growth rate of 0.24%, or a decrease

of 110 people, from the previous population of 9,684 in 2015.

Barangay Kalubihan is a fourth-level administrative division located

in Cebu City, Central Visayas (Region VII), Philippines. The latest

population of Kalubihan is 663 (2020 Census figures), representing 0.07%

of the total population of Cebu City. The population of Kalubihan dropped

from 1,278 in 1990 to 663 in 2020, a decrease of 615 people over the course

of 30 years. The latest census figures in 2020 denote a negative growth rate

of 5.47%, or a decrease of 203 people, from the previous population of 866

in 2015. The barangay is also home to various businesses and industries,

contributing to the local economy of Cebu City.

Barangay Poblacion Pardo, presently called as Pardo, in Cebu City is

a significant administrative division with a rich history and a growing

population. The population of Poblacion Pardo was 12,016 in 2020,

 27

representing 1.25% of the total population of Cebu City. The barangay

experienced a decrease in population from 12,596 in 2015 to 12,016 in 2020,

indicating a negative growth rate of 0.99%. Poblacion Pardo shares a

common border with neighboring barangays and is an integral part of the

urban landscape of Cebu City.

Barangay Sambag 1 is situated in the northern part of the city that has

a population of 11,526 as of 2020, representing 1.20% of the total population

of Cebu City. The population of Sambag 1 has been fluctuating, with a total

population of 14,860 in 2000, 13,854 in 2005, 14,784 in 2010, and 13,434 in

2015. In terms of demographics, the age group with the highest population

in Sambag 1 is 20 to 24, with 2,061 individuals. The barangay has a total of

4,057 households, with an average household size of 3.21 members per

household.

Barangay Sambag 2 has a population of 12,173 as determined by the

2020 Census, representing 1.26% of the total population of Cebu City. The

population of Sambag 2 has been steadily varying, with a total population of

14,860 in 2000, 13,854 in 2005, 14,784 in 2010, and 13,436 in 2015. The

age group with the highest population in Sambag II is 20 to 24, with 1,333

individuals.
 28

Barangay T. Padilla is a barangay located in Cebu City, Central

Visayas (Region VII), Philippines. Its population was 6,719 as determined

by the 2020 Census, representing 0.70% of the total population of Cebu

City. The barangay is named after Father Toribio Padilla, who was the

parish priest from 1893-1898 of the Cebu Cathedral. The barangay is home

to various businesses and industries, contributing to the local economy of

Cebu City. The age group with the highest population in T. Padilla is 5 to 9,

with 846 individuals.

The population of barangay Tinago as determined by the 2020 Census

was 6,700, representing 0.69% of the total population of Cebu City. The

population of Tinago has been decreasing over the years, with a population

of 12,193 in 1990, 11,438 in 2000, 9,988 in 2005, 10,336 in 2010, 8,113 in

2015, and 6,719 in 2020. The age group with the highest population in

Tinago is 5 to 9, with 846 individuals.

Research Informants

The informants of this study will be Focal Persons assigned in

barangays of Cebu City who have served at least three years as focal

persons. It will be composed of ten informants who are to be individually

interviewed (IDI) coming from the barangay of Cogon Pardo, Poblacion

Pardo, Tinago, and Hipodromo, Guadalupe, Calamba, Sambag 1, Sambag 2,

 29

Kalubihan, and T. Padilla. These informants have their experiences and

firsthand knowledge of gender development programs and have encounters

of various situations in relation to The informants were asked to share their

experiences, their coping mechanism and the impact of these programs and

experiences to their lives and the lives of the barangay residents.

Research Instruments

In gathering of data, the researcher will utilize self-made-panel-

approached interview guide consisting of the following parts: part 1, deals

with the experiences of the informants in implementing the gender

sensitivity programs; part 2, deals on how informants address the problems

encountered in implementing gender sensitivity programs; part 3, on the

aspirations of the informants to improve the quality of their services.

The researcher will arrange an interview with the informants, explain

the matters of confidentiality, prepare consent forms, will make sure to ask

open-ended questions to the informants.

Research Procedures

According to Miles and Huberman (2013), purposive convenient

sampling was employed to select the informants. Before the interview, the

researchers will explain to the informants the purpose of the study and the

manner by which the interview was done. This study is oriented in

 30

qualitative research where before the interview; the informants signed the

informed consent form. Qualitative research has been described as a

naturalistic study conducted through prolonged contact with field situations

which typically reflect the everyday life and the explicit and implicit rules

that govern that life.

Qualitative research has been described as a naturalistic study

conducted through prolonged contact with field situations which typically

reflect the everyday life and the explicit and implicit rules that govern that

life (Miles, Huberman and Saldana, 2013).

Data Collection. Prior to the interview, the researcher will have a

transmittal letter duly signed by the adviser and the Dean of the graduate

school. The data will be gathered through interview and with an aide of the

voice recorder. The informants will be asked to answer the questions

honestly and completely and are given the letter and informed consent form

stating that the person was informed of the study. The primary method for

data collection in this research involves semi structured interviews used to

refine and develop an understanding of how participants view their

situations after experienced on handling checkpoints. Data collection refers

to the survey method that is developed and utilized to obtain information.

The methods that will be utilized in this study are structured interviews
 31

employing close-ended and open-ended questions. Observations will be

conducted by the researcher during interview and visits on the areas. In order

to keep a proper record of the observation, a schedule with the following

columns were used, time (days, weeks, and months), place type of event, and

subjects.

Data Analysis. Thematic content analysis will be utilized to analyze

and cluster interview answers in common themes for interpretation. In this

research, recorded responses to interviews are analyzed deductively to

obtain discrete, key themes that are relevant and specific to individual

categories. This inspection and analysis of the content being provided

through the interview will reveal messages within the content itself.

Thematic code analysis is used to inspect themes which emerge during

analysis for the purpose of gauging the frequency of themes and similarities

between users in use of themes.

The following steps will be used in analyzing: Transcription, the first

step is to transcribe the data from the tape into a paper. The purpose is to

clean and edit the manuscripts by eliminating typographical errors and

contradictions; checking and editing the next step is check and edit

transcripts, prepare data for further analysis; analysis and interpretation

 32

categories were developed, coding and data reduction was completed, and

trends in the data were identified.

During this process, the researcher will take all collected data,

including field notes and interview transcripts, and begin to form a clear

understanding of the information. The researcher will then code the data,

conducting content analysis by looking for specific words from which

themes can be identified. Generalization the findings of individual

interviews are generalized and differences and similarities identified,

allowing for the development of typologies. Verification during this step the

researchers embark on a process of checking the validity of interpretations

by going through the transcripts again. This allows the researcher to verify

or modify hypotheses.

Ethical Consideration

The identities of the informants will be treated with confidentiality,

and prior permission will be obtained from the participants before the

interviews to be conducted. The researcher will also comply with the policy

on research, namely the informed consent form, before conducting the

research. Ethical standard prevents against the fabrication or falsifying of

data and therefore, promote the pursuit of knowledge and truth which is the
 33

primary goal of research. Ethical behavior is also critical for collaborative

work because it encourages an environment of trust, accountability and

mutual respect among researcher. This is especially important when

considering issues related to data sharing, co-authorship, copyright

guidelines, confidentiality, and many other issues. Researcher must also

adhere to ethical standards in order for the public to support and believe in

the research. The public wants to be assured that researcher followed the

appropriate guidelines for issues such as human rights, animal welfare,

compliance with the law, conflict of interest, safety, health standard and so

on.

The handling of the ethical issues greatly impacts the integrity of the

research project and can affect whether or not the project receives funding.

Because ethical considerations are so important in research, many

professional associations and agencies have adopted codes and policies that

outline ethical behavior and guide researcher.

Beneficence. The primary objective of the study was to contribute

positively to the well-being of GAD focal persons, advocating for enhanced

working conditions and support systems. The research sought to bring

attention to the distinctive challenges and needs of these individuals by

providing a platform for their voices, with the potential to influence

 34

favorable policy and systemic changes. Furthermore, participants were

offered post-interview resources and support services.

Non-maleficence. A central concern is the minimization of potential

harm. Participation will be entirely voluntary, involving a comprehensive

informed consent process that elucidates the study's purpose, potential risks,

and participants' rights, including the ability to withdraw at any point

without consequences. Anonymous data collection and storage procedures

are to be implemented to ensure confidentiality. Sensitive topics will be

approached with empathy and respect, and participants will receive

debriefing and emotional support as needed.

Justice. The study will ensure in maintaining a fair and equitable

research process. Recruitment efforts target a diverse sample that accurately

represents the demographics of GAD focal persons within the assigned

jurisdiction. The selection will be based on informed consent and

willingness to participate, avoiding predetermined criteria that could

introduce bias. Data analysis will remain attuned to potential power

imbalances, striving to authentically represent participants' experiences.

Autonomy. Respecting participants' autonomy will be upheld

throughout the research process. Informed consent forms will utilize clear

and accessible language, emphasizing participants' right to make informed

 35

decisions about their involvement. Strict avoidance of coercion or undue

influence will be observed. Participants are empowered to control the pace

and content of the interviews and their feedback on the research findings are

actively sought to ensure accuracy and authenticity.

Trustworthiness of Research

Trustworthiness as Sandelowski (1993) mentioned is a matter of

persuasion whereby the scientist is viewed as having made those practices

visible and therefore auditable. Trustworthiness has been further divided into

credibility, which corresponds roughly with the positivist concept of internal

validity; dependability, which relates more to reliability; transferability,

which is a form of external validity; and confirmability, which is largely an

issue of presentation.

Credibility. It is the first aspect or criterion that must be established. It

is seen as the most important aspect or measure in establishing

trustworthiness because credibility essentially asks the researcher to link the

research study’s findings with reality to demonstrate the truth of the research

findings.

Transferability. The researcher will also establish transferability by

providing a robust and detailed account of his experiences during data

collection. The researcher will make explicit connections to the cultural and
 36

social contexts that surround data collection. This means talking about where

the interviews transpired, the general setup of the environment, and other

aspects of data collection that help provide a richer and fuller understanding

of the research setting. Thus, constitutes the idea that the research study’s

findings could apply to other contexts, situations, times, and populations

(Guba, 1981).

Dependability. Dependability, on the other hand, is also important to

trustworthiness because it establishes the research study’s findings as

consistent and repeatable. The researcher will aim to verify that the findings

are consistent with the raw data they collected, making sure that if some

other researchers were to look over the data, they would arrive at similar

findings, interpretations, and conclusions about the data. This is important to

make sure that anything will not be missed in the research study, or that the

researcher will not be sloppy or misguided in his or her final report (Guba,

1981).

Confirmability. Guba (1981) posited that confirmability is the last

criterion of trustworthiness the researcher needs to establish in this study.

This criterion has to do with the level of confidence that the research study’s

findings will be based on the participants’ narratives and words rather than

potential researcher biases.

 37

Reflexivity. Embarking on qualitative research as a novice, my

limited experience in this domain raises the possibility that the quality of

analysis may be affected by my background. The study, focusing on the

lived experiences of GAD focal persons, demands a keen recognition of

potential personal biases, especially given that I am a woman myself. This

connection introduces a layer of complexity that necessitates a vigilant

reflexivity throughout the research process.

 38

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For the better understanding of the study the following terms will be

operationally defined.

Addressing the Problems Encountered in the Implementation of

Gender Sensitivity Programs. This shall refer to the identification of the

best practices and techniques that the informants used in the implementation

of the various programs intended to effectively deliver the goals and

objectives of gender sensitivity programs.

Aspirations of the Informants to Improve Their Services. This

shall refer to the hopes of the informants in dealing with implementation of

the gender sensitivity in terms of compensation, improvement of

accessibility of facilities, and the like.

Experiences of the Informants in the Implementation of the

Gender Sensitivity Programs. This refers to the positive and negative

experiences of the informants in terms of how they effectively implement

gender sensitivity programs.

 39

REFERENCES

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Dreyfus, H. L., & Dreyfus, S. E. (2008). Peripheral vision: Expertise in real

world contexts. McGraw-Hill.

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motivation and acquisition. Devon: Willan.

Eastman, C., & Marzillier, J. S. (1984). Theoretical and methodological

difficulties in Bandura's self-efficacy theory. US Press.

Kimmel, Michael S. (2004). The Gendered Society. New York: Oxford

University Press

Lyon, L. J. (2015). Development of teaching expertise viewed through the

Dreyfus model of skill acquisition. USA: SAGE Publications

Maddux, J. E. (1995). Self-efficacy theory: An introduction. In Self-efficacy,

adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application.
Boston, MA: Springer US.

Miles, M., & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An

expanded sourcebook (2"d ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Paley, J. (2016). Phenomenology as qualitative research: A critical analysis

of meaning attribution. Routledge.

Perry, R. P., & Hamm, J. M. (2017). An attribution perspective on

competence and motivation. Routledge.

White, R. (2020). Theories in second language acquisition. New York:

Penguin Books.

Lorber, J. (2010). Gender inequality: Feminist theories and politics. New

York: Oxford University Press.
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Aronsson, F., & Frykberg, E. (2022). Gender diversity in practice: A study

on stakeholder perception of gender quotas and challenges in the
workplace. Malardalen University

Swedish Institute. (2013, October). Gender Equality: The Swedish approach

to fairness. The Swedish institute. https://sweden.se/society/gender-
equality-in-sweden/. [Retrieved 2015-05-14]

Journal

Agarwal, B. (2007). Gender inequality, cooperation and environmental

sustainability. Inequality, cooperation, and environmental
sustainability, Gender Sensitivity Journal. 274-313.

Bandura, A. (1977a). Self-efficacy theory: Toward a unifying theory of

behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-225.

Bandura, A., & Adams, N. E. (1977). Analysis of self-efficacy theory of

behavioral change. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1(4), 287-310.

Bandura, A., Adams, N. E., Hardy, A. B., & Howells, G. N. (1980). Tests of
the generality of self-efficacy theory. Cognitive Therapy and
Research, 4, 39-66.

Honken, N. B., & Ralston, P. (2013). Freshman engineering retention: A

holistic look. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and
Research, 14(2).

Klint, K. A., & Weiss, M. R. (1987). Perceived competence and motives for
participating in youth sports: A test of Harter's competence motivation
theory. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 9(1), 55-65.

Queriones, E. (2018). Gender Sensitivity Issues in Short Stories. European

Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(1), 83-92.

Sandelowski, M. (1997). “To be of use”: Enhancing the utility of qualitative

research. Nursing Outlook, 45(3), 125-132.

Sweeney, J. K. (2008). Transforming the rational perspective on skill

development: The Dreyfus model in library reference work.
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In Advances in Library Administration and Organization (pp. 1-39).

Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Zou, J., Liu, Q., & Yang, Z. (2012). Development of a Moodle course for
schoolchildren’s table tennis learning based on Competence
Motivation Theory: Its effectiveness in comparison to traditional
training method. Computers & Education, 59(2), 294-303.

Sanga, D. (2008). Addressing gender issues through the production and use
of gender-sensitive information. Afr Stat J, 7, 116-139.

Duflo, E. (2012). Women empowerment and economic

development. Journal of Economic literature, 50(4), 1051-1079.

Montesanti, S. R. (2015). The role of structural and interpersonal violence in

the lives of women: a conceptual shift in prevention of gender-based
violence. BMC women's health, 15(1), 93.

Chopra, D., & Sweetman, C. (2014). Introduction to gender, development

and care. Gender & Development, 22(3), 409-421.

Valdez, I. K. M., Arevalo, M. V. P. N., Robredo, J. P. G., Gacad, S. L. S.,

Villaceran, M. A. J., Libang, G. R., ... & Eala, M. A. B. (2022).
Violence against women in the Philippines: barriers to seeking
support. The Lancet Regional Health–Western Pacific, 23.

UNFPA Philippines, UNHCR , UN Women, UNICEF, CARE Philippines,

Oxfam Pilipinas, Plan International (2021). Gender & Inclusion
Assessment (GIA) of the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic
on Vulnerable Women and Girls. UN Population Fund
(UNFPA)

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against women: global research priorities. Geneva: World Health
Organization. Retrieved April 25, 2024 from
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 42

CHR (2023). Statement of the Commission on Human Rights strongly

decrying the recent series of violence against women. Commission on
Human Rights. Retrieved April 30, 2024 from
https://chr.gov.ph/statement-of-the-commission-on-human-rights-
strongly-decrying-the-recent-series-of-violence-against-women/

Oblianda, A. (2024). DSWD sees spike in reports of gender-based violence

as positive development in women empowerment. Philippine
Information Agency. Retrieved on April 30, 2024 from
https://pia.gov.ph/news/2024/03/18/dswd-sees-spike-in-reports-of-
gender-based-violence-as-positive-development-in-women-
empowerment

Philippine Commission on Women (2024). Violence Against Women. PCW.

Retrieved on April 30, 2024 from https://pcw.gov.ph/violence-
againstwomen/#:~:text=As%20of%202021%2C%20there%20were,%
E2%80%9Cgender%2Dbased%20violence.%E2%80%9D
 43

APPENDIX A
TRANSMITTAL LETTER
 44

APPENDIX B
INFORMED CONSENT FORM
University of Cebu Research Office
(032) 255 – 7777 local 183

Informed Consent for the Study on HELPING UPLIFT THE DIGNITY AND WORTH
OF WOMEN: WORKLIFE OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT FOCAL PERSONS
Name of Principal Investigator: [Insert Y. Name]
Name of Organization : University of Cebu – Graduate School
Name of Proposal : HELPING UPLIFT THE DIGNITY AND WORTH
OF WOMEN: WORKLIFE OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT FOCAL PERSONS

This Informed Consent Form has two parts:

 Information Sheet (to share information about the research with you)
 Certificate of Consent (for signatures if you agree to take

part) You will be given a copy of the full Informed Consent Form

PART I: Information

Sheet Introduction

The researcher is from the University of Cebu – Main Campus presently enrolled
in Degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice with Specialization in Criminology
and conducting qualitative research entitled HELPING UPLIFT THE DIGNITY AND
WORTH OF WOMEN: WORKLIFE OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
FOCAL PERSONS. The researcher is asking for your permission and invites you to be
part of this research. You do not have to decide today whether or not you will participate
in this research. Before you decide, you can talk to anyone you feel comfortable with
about the research.

This consent form may contain words that you do not understand. Please ask me to
stop as we go through the information, and I will take the time to explain. If you have
questions later, you can ask contact and ask me.

Purpose of the research

To provide an in-depth study about the lived experiences of gender and

development focal person in the implementation of gender sensitivity programs including
 45

the informants’ experiences, strategies employed in the implementation of gender

sensitivity programs, and their aspirations to improve the quality of their service.

Type of Research Intervention

This research involves individual in-depth interview of (10) informants, mainly

done through face to face but depending upon the protocols set by the government, the
researcher has the option to use online platform such as but not limited to Zoom, Google
Meet, or Video Call which will last for about forty (40) minutes to one (1) hour. To keep
the identities of the informant confidential, the researcher will only use voice recording,
and if we are using online platform, they may turn off their video before the interview
starts.

Participant selection

The researcher is inviting ten (10) selected GAD focal persons from selected
barangays of Cebu City as the primary informants in this study, all ten (10) informants
will be subject for an individual in-depth interview.

Voluntary Participation

Your participation in this research is entirely voluntary. You also have the right
and the freedom to change your decision later and to stop participating even if you agreed
earlier and this will not be taken against you. And if you agree to participate that will be
my gratitude.

Procedures and Protocol

In this investigation, you will be asked to answer the questions during the
individual in-depth interview to be conducted by the field interviewers during your free
and convenient time. The questions in the interview guide will be read aloud by the
interviewer and you can answer those items that you like to answer. Furthermore, there
will be follow-up questions to be asked if necessary. If you wish not to answer some of
the questions, you can tell the interviewer to skip them and move on to the next question.
The information recorded is confidential and no one else except the field interviewers and
researchers will have access to a copy of the transcript and audio recording, which will be
destroyed after 6 months.

To ensure that you will be able to have a full understanding of the purpose of the
study, the proponent will first explain the objectives of the study and the intended
benefits of participating in this investigation.

Duration

The duration of the research is three (3) months. During the data collection phase,
the field interviewers will request ten (10) informants for an appointment for an
individual in-depth interview at your convenient time and place. The interview will last
 46

for forty (40) minutes to one (1) hour. Your engagement as a participant will only take
place once.

Risks

During the individual in-depth interview, the field interviewers will ask you about
your ideas/opinions about your work life as a GAD focal person. You will not be forced
nor required to answer all questions that will be asked. If you do not want to answer some
of the items because you are not comfortable with them your decision will be respected
and you do not have to give reasons for not responding, or for refusing to take part in the
interview. Furthermore, be assured that the responses that you will provide will not be
shared.

Benefits

There will be no immediate and direct benefits to you as a GAD focal person.
However, your response to this research will greatly help the researcher, the Department
of Interior and Local Government in the creation of intervention programs, action plans,
and policies that will benefit the GAD focal persons and programs as a whole.

Reimbursements

You will not be provided with any payment or monetary remuneration if you take
part in this research.

Confidentiality

All the data and responses that you will provide in this investigation will not be
shared with other people and will be kept confidential. Your information and other
information collected from this research will be put away and no one, except the field
interviewers and the researchers will be able to have access to it. Any information about
you will have a number/code on it instead of your name. Only the field
interviewers/researchers will know your number/code. All the documents related to this
investigation will be placed in the cabinet with a lock and key and will not be shared with
or given to anyone except the research proponents. All related documents regarding the
research will be kept in UC main research office and only the research director has the
key or access to all of the files. After the research is completed/published, it will be
destroyed after six (6) months.

Sharing the Results

At the end of the study, I will be sharing the results with the academic
community. Be assured that your answers during the individual in-depth interview will be
shared with anybody.

The results will also be presented in a research conference/colloquium and will be

published so that other interested people may learn from this research.
 47

All records will be kept confidential. All the names of the informants will not be
divulged. Furthermore, as an informant, you may also share the results and a copy of the
report will be provided by the researcher. If you have a plan to do so, please include the
timeline and reason for sharing the information, including the details.

Right to Refuse or Withdraw

You may choose not to participate in this study. It is also of primordial

importance that you must know that you may stop participating in the individual in-depth
interview at any time.

Who to Contact

If you have any questions, you can ask them now. You can also ask questions
even after the study has started. If you wish to ask questions later, you may contact any of
the following:

[Insert Y. Name] – 00123456789

Atty. Dodelon Sabijon Ph.D. CRIM. - email add: delon.ucgs@gmail.com
Dr. Renato Sagayno – 09212297427 – UC Main Research Director
Dr. Juanito N. Zuasula Jr., MD. – 233-5503 (UC CAREC)

This research project has been reviewed and scrutinized by the technical panel of
the University of Cebu Graduate School and the UC research office. If you have any
questions, please contact the University of Cebu at 032-255-7777.
 48

PART II: Certificate of Consent

I have read the foregoing information, or it has been read to me. I've had the
opportunity to ask questions about it, and any inquiries I've asked have been
addressed satisfactorily. I consent voluntarily to participate in this research.

Print Name of Participant

Signature of Participant
Date
Day/Month/Year
If Illiterate

A literate witness must sign (if possible, this person should be selected by the
participant and should have no connection to the research team). Illiterate participants
should include their thumbprints as well.

I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to the potential
participant, and the individual has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm
that the individual has given consent freely.

Print Name of Witness AND Thumb Print of the Participant

Signature of Witness

Date
Day/Month/Year
Statement by the researcher/person taking consent.

I have accurately read out the information sheet to the potential participant, and to
the best of my ability made sure that the participant understands that the
following will be done:
1. individual in-depth interview
2. record the proceeding of the interview
3. manually record other responses/ answers during the interview

I confirm that the participant was allowed to ask questions about the study, and all
the questions asked by the participant have been answered correctly and to the best
of my ability. I confirm that the individual has not been coerced into giving
consent, and the consent has been given freely and voluntarily.

A copy of this ICF has been provided to the

participant. Print Name of Researcher/Person Taking
the Consent: Signature of Researcher /Person Taking
the Consent: Date
Day/Month/Year
 49

APPENDIX B
INFORMED CONSENT FORM

University of Cebu Research Office

(032) 255 – 7777 local 183

Informed Consent for the Study on HELPING UPLIFT THE DIGNITY AND WORTH
OF WOMEN: WORKLIFE OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT FOCAL PERSONS

Name of Principal Investigator : [Insert Y. Name]

Name of Organization : University of Cebu – Graduate School
Name of Proposal : HELPING UPLIFT THE DIGNITY AND WORTH
OF WOMEN: WORKLIFE OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT FOCAL
PERSONS

This Informed Consent Form has two parts:

 Information Sheet (to share information about the research with you)
 Certificate of Consent (for signatures if you agree to take

part) You will be given a copy of the full Informed Consent Form

PART I: Information

Sheet Introduction

Ang nagtuon gikan sa University of Cebu – Main Campus og kasamtangang

naenroll sa degree nga Doctor of Philosophy in Criminal Justice with Specialization in
Criminology og nagabuhat og qualitative nga pagtuon nga anaay titulo nga, HELPING
UPLIFT THE DIGNITY AND WORTH OF WOMEN: WORKLIFE OF GENDER
AND DEVELOPMENT FOCAL PERSONS. Ang nagtuon nangayo sa imong pagtugot
og giimbitar ka nga mahimong parte ani nga pagtuon. Dili ka kinahanglan mudesidir
karon kung ganahan ba ka or dili nga muapil aning pagtuon. Usa ka mudesidir, pwede ka
makaistorya sa bisan kinsa nga paminaw nimo komportable ka kabahin sa pagtuon.

Kini nga consent form posible nga naay mga pulong nga wala nimo nasabtan.
Palihog pangotana nako aron muhunong ta samtang atong tarongon ang impormasyon, og
gamiton nako ang takna aron sa pagpasabot. Og naa kay pangotana unya, pwede ko nimo
kontakon og mangotana.

Purpose of the research

Aron makahatag og lalom nga pagtuon bahin sa kinabuhi sa trabaho sa mga GAD
focal person apil na ang mga paagi nga gibuhat sa mga informante aron masagobang ang
 50

mga kalisod nga naagian sa pagbuhat sa ilang mga buluhaton og ang mga pangandoy sa
mga informante aron mapanindot ang kalidad sa ilang pagbuhat sa ilang mga trabaho.

Type of Research Intervention

Kini nga pagtuon naglakip sa napulo ka mga informante, napuo ka mga

informante para sa binagsa nga interbyu nga pagahimoon pinaagi sa face-to-face apan
depende sa protocol nga itakna sa gobyerno, ang nagtuon naay opsyon nga mugamit og
online nga plataporma sama sa Zoom, Google Meet, or Video Call nga mulungtad sa
kwarenta minutos hantod usa ka oras. Aron matago ang identity sa mga informante, ang
nagtuon mugamit og voice recording, og kung ang gigamit kay online nga plataporma,
pwede nila palongon ang ilang bidyo usa magsugod ang interbyu.

Participant selection

Ako nag imbitar og napulo ka mga napili nga membro sa GAD focal person isip
mga nag una nga informante ani nga pagtuon, upat nga mga informante para sa binagsa
nga interbyu.

Voluntary Participation

Ang imong partisipasyon ani nga pagtuon kay entaryong boluntaryo. Naa sad kay
katungod og kagawasan nga usbon ang imong desisyon unya og muhunong sa pag apil
bisan pa og niuyon ka nga muapil kaganiha og dili kini gamiton kontra nimo. Og kung
ikaw muoyon sap ag apil, kana ako mapasalamaton.

Procedures and Protocol

Sa kini nga imbestigasyon, ikaw agdahon sa pagtubag sa mga pangotana inig

binagsa na interbyu nga pagabuhaton sa field interviewers sa imong bakante og
komportable nga oras. Ang mga pangotana sa interbyu guide kay basahon og kusog sa
interbyuwer og pwede nimo matubag ang mga items nga ganahan nimo tubagon. Kung
dili nimo gusto nga tubagon ang bisan unsang mga pangutana sa panahon sa interbyu,
mahimo nimong isulti ug ang tig-interbyu nga mopadayon sa sunod nga pangutana. Ang
impormasyon nga narekord kay konfidensyal, ug walay lain nga maka-access sa
impormasyon kundi ang mga field interbyuwers og ang nagtuon lamang. Ang kopya sa
transcript og audio recording gub-on human sa unom ka bulan.

Aron masiguro nga makakuha og puno nga pagsabot sa hinungdan ani nga
pagtuon, ang nagtuon magpasabot usa sa mga tumong sa pagtuon og ang intended nga
benepisyo sa pag apil ani nga imbestigasyon.

Duration
 51

Kini nga pagtuon mukabat og tulo ka bulan. Diha sa bahin sa pagkuha sa mga
datos, ang mga field interbyuwers murequest og napulo ka informante para sa ipaagi sa
individual in dept-interview sa inyong takna og lugar nga gusto. Ang interbyu mulungtad
og kwarenta minutos hantod sa usa ka oras. Ang imong pag apil isip partisipante
mahitabo lang sa usa ka higayon.

Risks

Inig binagsa nga interbyu, ang mga field interbyuwers mangotana kabahin sa
imong mga ideya o opinyon kaabahin sa imong kinabuhi sa trabaho isip GAD focal
person. Dili ka pugson og dili pod ka pwede agdahon nga tubagon dapat ang tanang
ipangotana. Kon dili ka ganahan tubagon ang uban nga items tungod kay dili ka
komportable ana, ang imong desisyon pagasabton og dili ka kinahanglan muhatag og
rason sa imong wala pagtubag, o pagbalibad nga mamahimong parte sa interbyu. Labaw
pa, makasalig ka nga ang imong mga tubag nga ihatag dili kini ipanghatag sa lain.

Benefits

Wala kini ditso ditso og direkta nga benepisyo kanimo isip membro sa GAD focal
person. Apan, ang imong tubag ani nga pagtuon makatabang og dako sa nagtuon, og sa
Department of Interior and Local Government sa pagbuhat og intervention programs,
action plans, og mga polisiya nga makahatag og benepisyo sa GAD focal person ug sa
programa sa kinatibuk-an.

Reimbursements

Dili ka matagaan og bisan unsa nga bayad o ganti nga kwarta kung ikaw
mahimong parte ani nga pagtuon.

Confidentiality

Ang tanang datos og mga tubag nga imong ipagawas ani nga imbestigasyon dili
ihatag sa laing tawo og magpabilin nga konfidensyal. Ang imong impormasyon og lain
pang impormasyon nga makuha ani nga pagtuon kay tagoan og walay bisan usa kundi
ang filed interbyuwers og ang nagtuon lamang ang makalantaw niini. Ang mga
impormasyon kabahin nimo anaay numero o code og dili ang imong ngalan. Ang mga
field interbyuwers o researchers lamang ang makabalo sa imong number o code. Ang
tanang dokumento subay ani nga imbestigasyon ibutang sa kabinet nga naay lock og yawi
og dili kini ihatag o ipakatap kundi sa nagtuon laman. Ang mga dokumento nga susama
sa gitun-an kay tagoan sa UC main research office og ang research director lamang ang
naay yawi og access sa tanang files. Inig human sa pagtuon, kini gub-on human sa unom
ka bulan.
 52

Sharing the Results

Inig human sa pagtuon, ako ipakita ang resulta sa academic community.

Makasalig ka nga ang imong mga tubag sa interbyu ipakita sa uban.

Ang mga resulta ipresentar usab sa usa ka research conference o colloquium og

ipublish aron ang mga tawo nga naay interest makat-on kabahin ani nga pagtuon.

Ang tanang record konfidensyal. Ang tanang mga ngalan dili ipagawas. Labaw
pa, isip informante, pwede pod nimo iapod apod ang resulta og kopya sa report nga
ihatag sa nagtuon. Kung naa kay plano nga buhaton kini, palihog og apil sa timeline og
rason sa pag apod apod sa impormasyon, lakip na ang mga detalye.

Right to Refuse or Withdraw

Mamahimo ka nga muapil o dili ani nga pagtuon. Kini pod usa ka nag unang
importansya nga ikaw dapat makabalo nga mamahimo kang dili muapil sa interbyu sa
bisan unsang taknaa.

Who to Contact

Kung ikaw naay mga pangotana, pwede naka mangotana karon dayun. Pwede pod
ka mangotana misig nahuman na pagsugod sa pagtuon. Kung ikaw gusto mangotana taod
taod, pwede nimo kontakon ang mga musunod.

[Insert Y. Name] – 00123456789

Atty. Dodelon Sabijon Ph.D. CRIM. - email add: delon.ucgs@gmail.com
Dr. Renato Sagayno – 09212297427 – UC Main Research Director
Dr. Juanito N. Zuasula Jr., MD. – 233-5503 (UC CAREC)

Kini nga proyekto sa pagtuon girebyu og gituki tuki sa teknikal panel sa University of
Cebu Graduate School og sa UC research office. Kung naa kay mga pangotana, palihog
kontaka ang University of Cebu sa ilang landline, 032-255-7777.
 53

PART II: Certificate of Consent

I have read the foregoing information, or it has been read to me. I've had the
opportunity to ask questions about it, and any inquiries I've asked have been
addressed satisfactorily. I consent voluntarily to participate in this research.
Print Name of Participant
Signature of Participant
Date
Day/Month/Year
If Illiterate
A literate witness must sign (if possible, this person should be selected by the
participant and should have no connection to the research team). Illiterate
participants should include their thumbprints as well.
I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to the potential
participant, and the individual has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm
that the individual has given consent freely.
Print Name of Witness AND Thumb Print of the Participant
Signature of Witness
Date
Day/Month/Year
Statement by the researcher/person taking consent.
I have accurately read out the information sheet to the potential participant, and to
the best of my ability made sure that the participant understands that the following
will be done:
1. individual in-depth interview
2. record the proceeding of the interview
3. manually record other responses/ answers during the interview

I confirm that the participant was allowed to ask questions about the study, and all
the questions asked by the participant have been answered correctly and to the best
of my ability. I confirm that the individual has not been coerced into giving consent,
and the consent has been given freely and voluntarily.

A copy of this ICF has been provided to the

participant. Print Name of Researcher/Person Taking
the Consent: Signature of Researcher /Person Taking
the Consent: Date
Day/Month/Year
 54

APPENDIX C
INTERVIEW GUIDE

University of Cebu Research Office

(032) 255 – 7777 local 183

Instruction:

The purpose of this study is to explore lived experiences of gender and

development focal person in the implementation of gender sensitivity programs including
the informants’ experiences, strategies employed in the implementation of gender
sensitivity programs, and their aspirations to improve the quality of their service. This
will be accomplished through Individual In-Depth Interview (IDI) within 60-90 minutes.
Rest assured that the information that you give will be regarded with utmost
confidentiality.

Preliminary Questions

Name (Optional) :

Address (Optional) :

1. How long have you been serving as a GAD focal person?

2. What training have you undergone concerning your job?

3. What attracted you to apply as GAD focal person?

4. What are your duties as a GAD focal person?

Part I. Experiences of the informants in the implementation of gender sensitivity

programs.

1. Will you tell me about the good things that have happened to you in
the performance of your duties.

a. What kind of activity do you enjoy the most? Why?

b. What do you feel whenever you help in counseling and mediation of

domestic violence?

c. What makes you committed to settle disputes amicably?

d. What values must a GAD focal person have to effectively

continue promote gender equality?
 55

2. Will you share the negative experiences you have encountered in

the implementation of gender sensitivity programs?

a. What are the common concerns that you face when you deal with
domestic violence or in promoting gender sensitivty programs?

b. What are the biggest regrets of being a GAD focal person?

c. What factors in your profession are the most difficult to perform?

d. What are the shortcomings of being a GAD focal person?

e. What hindrances hinder you from performing at your best as a GAD

focal person?

Part II. Addressing the problems encountered by the informants in the

implementation of gender sensitivity programs.

1. Will you share to me how you addressed the problems that you have
encountered concerning your duty as a GAD focal person?

a. What alternative ways do you employ whenever you are faced

with unexpected situations?

b. What steps were provided by your organization in cases where you

cannot handle the situation alone?

c. Describe a time when you had to solve a problem without the help of
your organization. How did you do it and what was the result?

d. What are the challenges in your job right now and how did you overcome
them?

Part III. Aspirations of the informants to improve their services.

1. Will you tell me about your aspirations to improve the quality of performance
of every GAD focal person?

2. What are your goals to improve the quality of performance of every GAD
focal person?

3. What are your suggestions so you can grow professionally as a GAD focal
person?

4. Please identify the best practices provided by the government that you would like
to continue in the organization.
 56

5. In terms of professional growth, in what areas of your profession you would like
to enhance?

Parting Statement:

Thank you for your participation in this interview for the accomplishment of this
research. All the answers that have been given will be transcribed. If you wish to have a
copy of the results, please don’t hesitate to ask the researcher. Thank you and God Bless.
 57

APPENDIX D

LOCATION MAP
 58

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name :
Date of Birth :
Place of Birth :
Contact Number :
Email Address :

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

College : (Name of School)

(Address of
School)
(Month and year graduated)

Secondary Education : (Name of School)

(Address of School)
(Month and year
graduated)

Secondary Education : (Name of School)

(Address of School)
(Month and year
graduated)

Elementary : (Name of School)

(Address of
School)
(Month and year graduated)