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Class 12 - Mathematics
Sample Paper - 10 (2022-23)

Maximum Marks: 80
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. This Question paper contains - five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory. However, there are internal
choices in some questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of assessment (4 marks each) with sub parts.

Section A
1. If the direction ratios of a line are proportional to 1, - 3, 2, then its direction cosines are
a) 1
, ,
2 3

√14 √14 √14

b) − 1
,−
2
,−
3

√14 √14 √14

c) 1
,−
3
,
2

√14 √14 √14

d) − √14
1
,
3

√14
,
2

√14

2. ∫ tan −1
( cosec x − cot x)dx =?
2

a) −x

2
+ C
2

b)
−x
+ C
4
2

c) x

4
+ C
2

d) x

2
+ C

3. Consider the vectors a⃗ = ^i − 2^j + k

^
and b = 4^i − 4^j + 7k
^
.
What is the scalar projection of a⃗ on b?⃗
a) 23

b) 17

c) 1
d)
19

4. The area between x-axis and curve, y = cos x when 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π is

a) 3
b) 4
c) 0
d) 2
5. Area bounded by the curve y = x3, the x-axis and the ordinates x = -2 and x = 1 is
a) 2
b)
15

c) 3
d) 6

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6. Two independent events A and B have P(A) = and P(B) = . What is the probability that exactly one of the two
1

3
3

events A or B occurs?
a) 5

b)
7

12

c)
1

d)
5

12

7. Two coins are tossed once, where E : tail appears on one coin, F : one coin shows head. Find P(E/F)
a) 0.24
b) 0.33
c) 1
d) 0.23
8. The optimal valuie of the objective function is attained at the points
a) given by corner points of the feasible region
b) given by intersection of inequations with the axes only
c) None of these
d) given by intersection of inequations with x-axis only
√2
9. Let the vectors a⃗ and b
⃗
be such that |a⃗| = 3 and |b| =
3
, then a⃗ × b
⃗
is a unit vector if the angle between vectors
a⃗ and b
⃗
is
a)
π

b)
π

c) π

d) π

10. The solution of the differential equation = x dx + y dy = x2y dy - y2x dx is

a) x3 + 1 = C (1 - y3)
b) x3 - 1 = C (1 + y3)
c) x2 + 1 = C (1 - y2)
d) x − 1 = C (1 + y
2 2
)

dy
11. General solution of dx
+ y = 1 (y ≠ 1) is
a) y = B + Ae
−x

b) y = 1 + Ae
−x

c) y = 1 + Ae
−3x

d) y = 1 + Ae
x

2
12. ∫−2
|x cos πx|dx is equal to
a)
4

b) 2

c) 1

d) 8

π
dy 2y
13. The equation of the curve whose slope is given by dx
=
x
; 0 and which passes through the point (1, 1) is
a) x2 = y
b) y2 = 2x
c) x2 = 2y

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d) y2 = x
x
sin
x(e −1)
14. Lt
1−cos x
is equal to
x→0

a) 2
b) 1
c) 1

d) 0
a b
15. If S = [ ] , then adj A is
c d

d −b
a) [ ]
−c a

−d −b
b) [ ]
−c a

d c
c) [ ]
b a

d b
d) [ ]
c a

16. The number of arbitrary constants in the general solution of a differential equation of fourth order are:
a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 4
17. cos(cos −1
(
7

25
)) =

a)
25

b) None of these
c)
25

24

d) 24

25

18. If a line makes angles α, β and γ with the axes respectively, then cos 2α + cos 2β + cos 2γ =
a) -2
b) 2
c) -1
d) 1
19. Assertion (A): The linear programming problem, maximise Z = x + 2y subject to the constraints x - y ≤ 10, 2x + 3y ≤
20 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0. It gives the maximum value of Z as . 40

Reason (R): To obtain maximum value of Z, we need to compare value of Z at all the comer points of the shaded region.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
−
−
20. Assertion (A): The function f(x) = √x is continuous at all x except at x = 0.
3

Reason (R): The function f(x) = [x] is continuous at x = 2.99, where [ ] is the greatest integer function.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
Section B
21. Solve the differential equation: dy + (x +1) (y +1) dx = 0

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22. If in a triangle ABC, the side c and the angle C remain constant, while the remaining elements are changed
slightly. Using differentials show that = 0.
da db
+
cos A cos B

23. Write the angle between the lines 2x = 3y = - z and 6x = - y = - 4z.

OR

Find the angle between the lines x - 2y + z = 0 = x + 2y - 2z and x + 2y + z = 0 = 3x + 9y + 5z.

24. The probability that a truck stopped at a roadblock will have faulty brakes or badly worn tires are 0.23 and 0.24,
respectively. Also, the probability is 0.38 that a truck stopped at the roadblock will have faulty brakes or badly working
tires. What is the probability that a truck stopped at this roadblock will have faulty brakes as well as badly worn tires?
–
25. Evaluate: tan √3 − sec (−2) .
−1 −1

Section C
26. Maximise and minimise Z = x + 2y subject to the constraints
x + 2y ≥ 100
2x - y ≤ 0
2x + y ≤ 200
x, y≥ 0
Solve the above LPP graphically.
27. If An is the area bounded by the curve y = (tan x) and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x = . Then, prove that for n > 2,
n π

1
An + An+2 =
n+1

OR
2

If S be the area of the region enclosed by y = , y = 0 and x = 1, then show that 1 −

−x 1 1 1 1
e ≤ S ≤ + (1 − )
e √2 √e √2

π/2
28. Evaluate: ∫
x sin x
x
dx
−π/2 e +1

OR
−−−
Evaluate ∫ tan −1 1−x
√ dx
1+x

y+1
29. Find the points on the line at a distance of 5 units from the point P(1,3,3).
x+2 z−3
= =
3 2 2

OR

y+3
Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point P (2, 4, -1) to the line . Also, write
x+5 z−6
= =
1 4 −9

down the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from P.

30. Find the area of the region {(x, y) : y2 ≤ 4x, 4x2 + 4y2 ≤ 9}
31. Differentiate (log x)x with respect to log x.
Section D
32. Find a vector d ⃗ which is ⊥ to both a⃗ and b ⃗ and c .⃗ d ⃗ = 15 Let a⃗ = ^ ^ ^ ⃗ ^ ^ ^
i + 4j + 2k, b = 3 i − 2j + 7k and
^ ^ ^
c ⃗ = 2 i − j + 4k

3 1
33. If A = [ ] Show that A2 – 5A + 7I = O. Hence find A-1
−1 2

OR

∣a b c ∣
∣ ∣
If a, b, c are positive and unequal, show that the value of the determinant ∣
b c a
∣
is negative?
∣c a b ∣

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34. Each of the following defines a relation on N:
i. x is greater than y, x, y ∈ N
ii. x + y = 10, x, y ∈ N
iii. xy is square of an integer x, y ∈ N
iv. x + 4y = 10x, y ∈ N.

Determine which of the above relations are reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

OR

Let A = R - {3}, B = R - {1]. If f be defined by f(x) . Then, show that f is bijective.

x−2
: A → B = ∀x ∈ A
x−3

π/2

35. Prove that: ∫ log(tan x + cot x)dx = π(log 2) .

0

Section E
36. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Ankit wants to construct a rectangular tank for his house that can hold 80 ft3 of water. He wants to construct on one
corner of terrace so that sufficient space is left after construction of tank. For that he has to keep width of tank constant
5ft, but the length and heights are variables. The top of the tank is open. Building the tank cost ₹20 per sq. foot for the
base and ₹10 per sq. foot for the side.

i. Express cost of tank as a function of height(h).

ii. Verify by second derivative test that cost is minimum at critical point.
iii. Find the value of h at which c(h) is minimum.

OR

Find the minimum cost of tank?

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37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
To promote the making of toilets for women, an organization tried to generate awareness through
i. house calls
ii. emails and
iii. announcements.
The cost for each mode per attempt is given below:

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1. ₹ 50
2. ₹ 20
3. ₹ 40
The number of attempts made in the villages X, Y and Z are given below:
(i) (ii) (iii)

X 400 300 100

Y 300 250 75
Z 500 400 150
Also, the chance of making of toilets corresponding to one attempt of given modes is
1. 2%
2. 4%
3. 20%
i. Find total number of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in village X.
ii. Find the percentage of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in all the three-villages?
iii. Find the cost incurred by the organization on village X.

OR

Find the total cost incurred by the organization on for all the three villages?
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Mr. Ajay is taking up subjects of mathematics, physics, and chemistry in the examination. His probabilities of getting a
grade A in these subjects are 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 respectively.

i. Find the probability that Ajay gets Grade A in all subjects.

ii. Find the probability that he gets Grade A in no subjects.

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Class 12 - Mathematics
Sample Paper - 10 (2022-23)

Solution

Section A
1. (c) 1 3 2
,− ,
√14 √14 √14

Explanation: 1
,−
3
,
2

√14 √14 √14

The direction ratios of the line are proportional to 1, -3, 2

∴ The direction cosines of the line are

1 −3 2
, ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
√1 +(−3) +2 √1 +(−3) +2 √1 +(−3) +2

= 1 −3 2
, ,
√14 √14 √14
2

2. (c) x

4
+ C

1−cos x
Explanation: Given : ∫ tan −1
( cosec x − cot x)dx = ∫ tan
−1
(
sin x
)dx

x x
2 sin sin
−1 2 2
= ∫ tan ( x x
)dx
2 sin cos
2 2

−1 x
= ∫ tan (tan )dx
2
x
= ∫ dx
2
2
x
+ C
4

3. (d)
19

9
⃗
a⃗⋅b
Explanation: Scalar projection of a⃗ on b ⃗ =
⃗
| b|

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
( i −2 j +k)⋅(4 i −4 j +7k)
= ^ ^
|4i−4 j +7k|

(4+8+7) 19
= =
2 2 2 9
√(4) +(−4) +(7)

which is the required scalar projection of a⃗ and b.⃗

4. (b) 4
Explanation: Given that y = cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
π 3π

2π 2 2 2π

⇒ ∫ ydx = ∫ ydx − ∫ ydx + ∫ ydx

π
3π
0 0
2
2

π 3π

2π 2 2
2π

⇒ ∫ ydx = ∫ cos xdx − ∫ cos xdx + ∫ cos xdx

0 0 1 3π

2 2

π 3π
2π
2 2 2π
⇒ ∫ ydx = [sin x] −[sin x] π + [sin x] 3π
0
2
0 2

2π

⇒ ∫ ydx = 1 − 0 − (−1 − 1) + (0 + 1)
0

2π

⇒ ∫ ydx = 4 sq. units

0

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5. (b)
15

Explanation: Required area

1 1
4
3 x 15
= ∫ x dx = [ ] =
4 4
−2
−2

6. (b)
7

12

Explanation: Given, P(A) = and P(B) =

1 3

3 4

Now, P(exactly one)

= P(A) + P(B) - 2(P(A ∩ B))
= P(A) + P(B) - 2P(A) ⋅ P(B)
[∵ event A and B are independent]
1 3 1 3
= + − 2× ×
3 4 3 4
1 3 1 4+9−6 7
= + − = =
3 4 2 12 12

7. (c) 1
Explanation: S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
E = {HT , TH}
F= {HT , TH}
2 1 2 1 1
⇒ P (E) = = , P (F ) = = , P (E ∩ F ) =
4 2 4 2 2
P (E∩F ) 1/2
⇒ P (E/F ) = = = 1
P (F ) 1/2

8. (a) given by corner points of the feasible region

Explanation: It is known that the optimal value of the objective function is attained at any of the corner point. Thus, the
optimal value of the objective function is attained at the points given by corner points of the feasible region.
9. (a)
π

→ →
Explanation: It is given that a × b is a unit vector, then:
⃗ ⃗
⇒ |a⃗ × b| = 1 ⇒ |a⃗||b|sinθ = 1

√2 1 π
⇒ 3. sinθ = 1 ⇒ sinθ = ⇒ θ =
3 √2 4

10. (d) x − 1 = C (1 + y
2 2
)

Explanation: We have,
xdx + ydy = x2y dy - y2x dx
x dx + y2x dx = x2y dy - y dy
2 2
x (1 + y ) dx = y (x − 1) dy

xdx ydy
=
2 2
x −1 1+y

xdx ydy
∫ = ∫
2 2
x −1 1+y

2ydy
1 2xdx 1
∫ = ∫
2 x −1
2 2 1+y
2

1 2 1 2
log(x − 1) = log(1 + y ) + log c
2 2
2 2
log(x − 1) = log(1 + y ) + log c

x2 - 1 = (1 + y 2
)c

11. (b) y = 1 + Ae
−x

dy
Explanation: dx
+ y = 1

dy
+ Py = Q
dx

Here, P = 1, Q = 1 It is of the form of linear differential equation.hence the solution is y X IF =∫ Q(x) ∗ I F dx + c

∫ P .dx ∫ 1.dx x
⇒ I. F . = e = e = e

x x
⇒ y. e = ∫ 1.e . dx

−x
⇒ y = 1 + Ae

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12. (d)
8

π
2
Explanation: Since, I = ∫ −2
|x cos πx|dx

2
= 2∫ 0
|x cos πx|dx
1 3

2
= 2{∫ 0
2
|x cos πx|dx + ∫
2

1
|x cos πx|dx + ∫ 3 |x cos πx|dx}
2
2

Solving each divided limit we get integral I.

13. (a) x2 = y
Explanation: We have,
dy 2y
=
dx x
dy dx
⇒ =
2y x

dy dx
⇒ ∫ = ∫
2y x

⇒ log |y| = 2 log |x| + log c

2
⇒ log |y| = log x + log c

⇒ log y = log (x 2
c)

⇒ y = cx2
Tangent passing through (1,1) , c = 1
⇒ y = x2
14. (a) 2
sin x
x( e − 1)
Explanation: lim
x→0 1 − cos x
sin x
(e −1)
sin x
(e −1) 1−cos x
x sin x 1
= lim = lim . .2 = 2 (∵ lim = )
1−c os x
sin x x 2
x 2
x→0 x→0 x→0
2
x

d −b
15. (a) [ ]
−c a

a b
Explanation: S = [ ]
c d

M11 = d ⇒A11 = d
M12 =c ⇒ A12 = -c
M21 =b ⇒ A21 = -b
M22 =a ⇒ A22 = a
d −b
⇒Ad(A) = [ ]
−c a

16. (d) 4
Explanation: 4, because the no. of arbitrary constants is equal to order of the differential equation.
17. (b) None of these
Explanation: We know that cos : [0, 1] → [−1, 1] is bijective function
⇒ cos
−1
: [−1, 1] → [0, 1] is inverse of cos function.
.⇒ cos(cos −1
x) = x when x ∈ [−1, 1]

here, cos(cos .
−1 7 7 7
) = , ∈ [−1, 1 ]
25 25 25

18. (c) -1
Explanation: We know that, C os 2 2
α + C os β + C os γ = 1
2
.........(1)
Now, C os2α + C os2β + C os2γ
= (2C os α − 1) + (2C os β − 1) + (2C os
2 2 2
γ − 1)

= 2(C os 2 2
α + C os β + C os γ) − 3
2

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= 2×1 - 3 [from equation (1)]
= -1.
19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Assertion We have, maximise, Z = x + 2y
Subject to the constraints,
x - y ≤ 10, 2x + 3y ≤ 20, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
The graph of constraints are given below

Here, OAB is the required feasible region whose comer points are O(0, 0), A(10, 0) and B(0, .
20
)
3

Corner Point Z = x + 2y
At O(0, 0) Z=0
At A(10, 0) Z = 10
B(0, Z=0+2× =
20 20 40
)
3 3 3

The maximum value of Z is which is obtained at B(0, .

40 20
)
3 3

20. (d) A is false but R is true.

1

3 −
−
Explanation: Assertion: Given, f(x) = or f(x) = (x)
3
√x

Now, we check the continuity of the function at x = 0.

LHL = f(0 - 0) = lim f(0 - h)
h→0

= lim (0 - h) 3

h→0

= (0 - 0) = 0
3

RHL = f(0 + 0) = lim f(0 + h)

h→0

1 1

= lim (0 + h) = (0 + 0) = 0
3 3

h→0

and f(0) = (0) = 0

3

∵ LHL = RHL = f(0)

So, function is continuous at x = 0.

Reason Given, f(x) = [x], which is greatest integer function.
We know that, the greatest integer function is continuous for all x except integer values of x.
So, f(x) = [x] is continuous at x = 2.99.
Section B

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21. We have, dy + (x +1) (y +1) dx = 0
⇒ dy = -(x + 1) (y + 1) dx
dy = - (x + 1) dx
1
⇒
y+1

Integrating both sides, we get

1
∫ dy = − ∫ (x + 1)dx
y+1
2

⇒ log |y + 1| = − x

2
-x+C
2

log |y + 1| + +x=C
x
⇒
2
2

Hence, log |y + 1| + x

2
+ x = C is the required solution
22. We are given that the side c and angle C remain constant.
= k (constant)
c
∴
sin C

⇒
a
=
b
= k [∵ a
=
b
=
c
]
sin A sin B sin A sin B sin C

⇒ a = k sin A and b = k sin B

= k cos A and = k cos B
da db
⇒
dA dB

Now, da = dA ⇒ da = k cos A dA ⇒ = k dA
da da

dA cos A

and, db = db
dB ⇒ db = k cos B dB ⇒ db
= k dB
dB cos B

= k dA + k dB = k d (A + B) = k d(π - C)
da db
∴ +
cos A cos B

⇒
da
+
db
= k(0) = 0 [∵ π - C = Constant, ∴ d (π - C) = 0]
cos A cos B

Hence, da
+
db

cos B
=0
cos A

23. Given that, 2x = 3y = -z, 6x = -y = -4z

The given lines can be re-written as
y y
and
x z x z
= = = =
1 1 1 1
−1 −1
−
2 3 6 4

y y
⇒
x

3
=
2
=
−6
z
and x

2
=
−12
=
z

−3

These lines are parallel to vectors

→ →
^ ^ ^
b1 = 3 i + 2j − 6k and b = 2^i − 12j − 3k
^
2

Let θ be the angle between these lines.

Then we know that
→ →
b1 ⋅ b2
cos θ =
→ →
| b1 || b2 |

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(3 i +2 j −6k)⋅(2 i −12 j −3k)
=
2 2 2 2 2 2
√3 +2 +(−6) √2 +(−12) +(−3)

=
6−24+18

√9+4+36 √4+144+9

= 0⇒ θ =
π

OR

Let the direction ratios of the line x - 2y + z = 0 and x + 2y - 2z = 0 be proportional to a1, b1, c1.
Since it lies in both the planes, therefore, it is perpendicular to their normals.
∴ a1 - 2b1 + c1 = 0
a1 + 2b1 - 2c1 = 0
Solving these two equations by cross-multiplication, we obtain
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
= = ⇒ = =
4−2 1+2 2+2 2 3 4

Let the direction ratios of the line x + 2y + z = 0 = 3x + 9y + 5z be proportional to a2, b2, c2.
As it lies in both the planes.

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∴ a2 + 2b2 + c2 = 0
3a2 + 9b2 + 5c2 = 0
a2 b2 c2
⇒ = =
10−9 3−5 9−6
a2 b2 c2
⇒ = =
1 −2 3

Let θ be the angle between the given lines. Then

a1 a2 +b1 b2 +c1 c2 (1)(2)+(−2)(3)+(3)(4)
=
8
cos θ = =
2 2 2 2 2 2
√ 2 2 2 2 2 2 √406
√a +b +c √a +b +c 2 +3 +4 √1 +(−2) +(3)
1 1 1 2 2 2

.
−1 8
⇒ θ = cos ( )
√406

24. Suppose B be the event that a truck stopped at the roadblock will have faulty brakes and T be the event that it will have
badly worn tires.
Given, P (B) ,
= 0.23 P (T ) = 0.24 and P (B ∪ T ) = 0.38 . We have to find P (B ∩ T).
As we know,
P (B ∪ T ) = P (B) + P (T ) − P (B ∩ T ) [By addition theorem]
⇒ P (B ∩ T ) = P (B) + P (T ) − P (B ∪ T ) = 0.23 + 0.24-0.38 = 0.09
– –
25. tan −1
√3 − sec
−1
(−2) = tan
−1
√3 − [π − sec
−1
2]

π −1 1
= − π + cos ( )
3 2
2π π π
= − + = −
3 3 3

Section C
26. Our problem is to mimmise and maximise the given objective function given as Z = x + 2 y .....(i)
Subject to the given constraints,
x + 2y ≥ 100 .......(ii)
2x - y ≤ 0 ...........(iii)
2x + y ≤ 200 ........(iv)
x≥ 0, y≥ 0 ........(v)
Table for line x + 2y = 100 is
x 0 100

y 50 0
So, the line x + 2y = 100 is passing through the points with coordinates (0, 50) and (100, 0).
On replacing the coordinates of the origin O (0, 0) in the inequality x + 2y ≥ 100, we get
2 × 0 + 0 ≥ 100

⇒ 0 ≥ 100 (which is False)

So, the half plane for the inequality of the line ( ii) is away from the origin, which means that the point O( 0,0) does not
lie in the feasible region of the inequality of ( ii) Table for the line ( iii) 2x - y = 0 is given as follows.
x 0 10

y 0 20
So, the line 2x - y = 0 is passing through the points (0, 0) and ( 10, 20).
On replacing the point (5, 0) in the inequality 2x - y≤ 0, we get
2× 5− 0 ≤ 0

⇒ 10 ≤ 0 (which is False)
So, the half plane for the inequality of ( iii) is towards Y-axis.
Table of values for line 2x + y = 200 is given as follows.
x 0 100

y 200 0

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So, the line 2x + y = 200 is passing through the points with coordinates (0, 200) and ( 100, 0).
On replacing O (0, 0) in the inequality 2 + y ≤ 200, we get
2 × 0 + 0 ≤ 200

⇒ 0 ≤ 200 (which is true)

So, the half plane for the inequality of the line ( iv) is towards the origin, which means that the point O ( 0,0) is a point in
the feasible region.
Aslo, x, y≥ 0
So, the region lies in the I quadrant only.

On solving equations 2x - y = 0 and x + 2y = 100, we get the point of intersection as B(20, 40).
Again, solving the equations 2x - y = 0 and 2x + y = 200, we get C(50, 100).
∴ Feasible region is ABCDA, which is a bounded feasible region.

The coordinates of the corner points of the feasible region are A(0, 50), B(20, 40), C(50, 100) and D(0, 200).
The values of Z at corner points are given below:
Corner points Z = x + 2y

A(0, 50) Z = 0 + 2× 50 = 100

B(20, 40) Z = 20 + 2× 40 = 100

C(50, 100) Z = 50 + 2× 100 = 250

D(0, 200) Z = 0 + 2× 200 = 400

The maximum value of Z is 400 at D(0, 200) and the minimum value of Z is 100 at all the points on the line segment
joining A(0, 50) and B(20, 40).
π

27. According to the question, A n = ∫

0
4
(tan x) dx
n

For 0<x< , 0 < tan x <1

π

we have 0 < (tan x)

n+1
< (tan x)
n
for each n ∈ N
π π

4 n+1 4 n
⇒ ∫ (tan x) dx < ∫ (tan x) dx
0 0

⇒ An+1 < An

For n>2,
π

4 n n+2
An + An+2 = ∫ [(tan x) + (tan x) ]dx
0
π

4 n 2
= ∫ (tan x) (1 + tan x)dx
0

2 2
(1 + tan x = sec x)
π

4 n 2
= ∫ (tan x) sec xdx
0

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n+1
(tan x)
n 2
(∫ (tan x) sec xdx = [ ])
n+1

n+1
4
(tan x)
= [ ]
n+1
0

=
1

n+1

If A is the area bounded by the curve y = and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x = . Then, for n > 2,
n π
∴ n (tan x)
4
1
An + An+2 =
n+1

OR
2

As, y = e
−x

since, x 2
≤ x when x∈ [0, 1]
2
⇒ − x ≥ −x
2
−x −x
⇒ e ≥ e
1 −x
2 1 −x
∴ ∫ e dx ≥ ∫ e dx
0 0

2
−b±√b −4ac
−x 1 1
x = S ≥ −( e ) = 1− . . . . . (1)
2a 0 e
2
1
Also, ∫ 0
e
−x
dx ≤ Area of the two rectangles
1 1 1
≤ (1 × ) + (1 − ) ×
√2 √2 √e

1 1 1
≤ (1 × ) + (1 − ) ×
√2 √2 √e

1 1 1
≤ + (1 − ) . . . . . . . (2)
√2 √e √2

From (1) and (2), we conclude that

1 1 1 1
1− ≤ S ≤ + (1 − )
e √2 √e √2

If S be the area of the region enclosed by y = , y = 0 and x = 1, then 1 −

−x 1 1 1 1
e ≤ S ≤ + (1 − )
e √2 √e √2

28. The given integral is,

π/2
...(i)
x sin x
Let I = ∫ x
dx
−π/2 e +1

Then,
π/2 (−π/2+π/2−x) sin(−π/2+π/2−x)
I = ∫
−π/2 π π
[Using Property IV]
(− + −x )
2 2
e +1

π/2 −x sin(−x) π/2 x

...(ii)
x sin xe
⇒ I = ∫ dx = ∫ x
dx
−π/2 e
−x
+1 −π/2 e +1

Adding (i) and (ii), we obtain

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x
π/2 x sin x x sin xe
2I = ∫ ( x
+ x
) dx
−π/2 e +1 e +1

x
π/2 e +1 π/2
⇒ 2I = ∫ x sin x ( x
) dx = ∫ x sin xdx
−π/2 e +1 −π/2

π/2 π/2 π/2 π/2

⇒ 2I = [−x cos x]
−π/2
+ ∫
−π/2
cos xdx = [−x cos x]
−π/2
+ [sin x]
−π/2
= (0 - 0) + 1 - (-1)
⇒ I=1

OR
−−−
−1 1−x
I = ∫ tan √ dx
1+x

Put x = cos θ

dx = − sin θdθ
−−−−−−−
−1 1−cos θ
∴ I = ∫ tan √( ) × − sin θdθ
1+cos θ

−−−−−−−−
2 θ
2sin
−1 2
= ∫ tan √( ) × − sin θdθ
θ
2
2cos
2

−1 θ
= ∫ tan (tan ) (− sin θ) dθ
2

θ −1
= −∫ sin θdθ = ∫ θ. sin θdθ
2 2
I II
−1
= [θ. (− cos θ) − ∫ 1 × (− cos θ)dθ]
2
−1
= [−θ. cos θ + sin θ] + c
2

−1 −−−−−−−
2
= [−θ. cos θ + √1 − cos θ ] + c
2

−1 −−−−−
−1 2
= [−x. cos x + √1 − x ] + c
2

29. Given equation of line is:

x+2 y+1 z−3
= = = λ( say )
3 2 2
x+2 y+1 z−3
⇒ = λ, = λ, = λ
3 2 2

⇒ x = 3λ − 2, y = 2λ − 1, z = 2λ + 3

So, we have a point on the line is

Q(3λ − 2, 2λ − 1, 2λ + 3) ....(i)
Now, given that distance between two points
P(1, 3, 3) andQ(3λ − 2, 2λ − 1, 2λ + 3) is
5 Units, i.e. PQ=5
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2
⇒ √[(3λ − 2 − 1) + (2λ − 1 − 3) + (2λ + 3 − 3) ] = 5

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2
[distance = √( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) + ( z2 − z1 ) ]

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2
⇒ √(3λ − 3) + (2λ − 4) + (2λ ) = 5

Therefore, on squaring both sides, we get,

2 2 2
(3λ − 3) + (2λ − 4) + (2λ ) = 25

2 2 2
⇒ 9λ + 9 − 18λ + 4λ + 16 − 16λ + 4λ = 25

2
⇒ 17λ − 34λ = 0 ⇒ 17λ(λ − 2) = 0

⇒ Either 17λ = 0 or λ − 2 = 0

∴ λ = 0 or 2

On putting λ = 0 and λ = 2 in Eq. (i). we get the required points as (-2,-1,3) or (4,3,7).

OR

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Suppose L be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point P(2,4,-1) to the given line. The coordinates of a general
x+5 y+3 z−6
point on the line 1
=
4
=
−9
are given by
x+5 y+3 z−6
= = = λ
1 4 −9

⇒ x = λ − 5

y = 4λ − 3

z = −9λ + 6

Suppose the coordinates of L be (λ − 5, 4λ − 3, −9λ + 6)

The direction ratios of PL are proportional to

λ − 5 − 2, 4λ − 3 − 4, −9λ + 6 + 1 , i.e. λ − 7, 4λ − 7, −9λ + 7

Now the ratios of the given line are proportional to 1,4,-9, but PL is perpendicular to the given line.
∴ 1(λ − 7) + 4(4λ − 7) − 9(−9λ + 7) =0
⇒ λ = 1

Put
⇒ λ = 1 in (λ − 5, 4λ − 3, −9λ + 6) we get the coordinates of L as (-4,1,-3)
Equation of the line PL is
x−2 y−4 z+1 x−2 y−4 z+1

−4−2
=
1−4
=
−3+1
or −6
=
−3
=
−2

30.

The area bounded by the curves, {(x, y) : y2 ≤ 4x, 4x2 + 4y2 ≤ 9}, is shown by shaded region as OABCO
– –
The points of intersection of both the curves are ( and (
1 1
, √2) , − √2)
2 2

We can observed that area OABCO is symmetrical about x-axis

Thus, Area of OABCO = 2 × Area OBC
Now, Area OBCO = Area OMC + Area MBC
1 3

2 2
−−−−−−
−
− 1
= ∫ 2√x dx + ∫ √9 − 4x2 dx
2
0 1

1 3

2 2
−
− 1 −−−− −−−−−−
2 2
= ∫ 2√x dx + ∫ √(3) − (2x) dx
2
0 1

Put 2x = y
dt
⇒ dx =
2

So, when x = , t = 3 and x = , t = 1, we get

3 1

2 2
1

2
3
−
− 1 −−−−−−−−
2 2
= ∫ 2√x dx + ∫ √(3) − (t) dt
4
0 1

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1

3
2
3
x 2 1 t
−−−−− 9 t
−1
= 2[ ] + [ √9 − t2 + sin ( )]
3
4 2 2 3
−1
2
0
3

2 1 1 3 −−−−−− − 9 −1 3 1 −−−−−− − 9 −1 1
2 2
= 2[ ( ) 2
] + [{ √9 − (3) + sin ( )} − { √9 − (1) + sin ( )}]
3 2 4 2 2 3 2 2 3

2 1 9 −1 1 – 9 −1 1
= + [{0 + sin (1)} − { √8 + sin ( )}]
3√2 4 2 2 2 3

√2 1 9π – 9 −1 1
= + [ − √2 − sin ( )]
3 4 4 2 3

√2 9π √2 9 1
−1
= + − − sin ( )
3 16 4 8 3

9π 9 1 √2
−1
= − sin ( ) +
16 8 3 12

√2
Therefore, the required area is [2 × ( 9π

16
−
9

8
sin
−1
(
1

3
) +
12
)]

units
9π 9 −1 1 1
= − sin ( ) +
8 4 3 3√2

31. Let u = (log x)x

Taking log on both sides,
log u = log (log x)x
⇒ log u = x log (log x)
{log (log x)} + log (log x) (x)
1 du d d
⇒ = x
u dx dx dx

⇒
1

u
du

dx
= x(
1

log x
)
d

dx
(log x) + log log x(1)
= u[ + log log x]
du x 1
⇒ ( )
dx log x x

⇒
du
= (log x)x [ 1
+ log log x] ...(i)
dx log x

Again, let v = log x

...(ii)
dv 1
⇒ =
dx x

Divide equation (i) by (ii), we get

du x 1
(log x) [ +log log x]
log x
dx
=
dv 1

x
dx

1+log x (log log x )

x
(log x) [ ]
log x
du
⇒ =
1
dv
x
−1

(1 + log x × log log x)

du x
⇒ = x(log x)
dv

Section D
32. ^ ^ ^ ⃗ ^ ^ ^
a⃗ = i + 4j + 2k, b = 3 i − 2j + 7k and ^ ^ ^
c ⃗ = 2 i − j + 4k

⃗
Let d ^ ^ ^
= x i + y j + zk

ATQ, d .⃗ a⃗ = ⃗ ⃗
0, d . b = 0 and c .⃗ d ⃗ = 15 , then,
x + 4y + 2z = 0 ...(1)
3x - 2y + 7z = 0 ...(2)
2x - y + 4z = 15 ...(3)
On solving equation (1) and (2)

x y z
= = = k
28+4 6−7 −2−12

x = 32k, y = -k, z = -14k

Put x, y, z in equation (3)
2(32k) - (-k) + 4(-14k) = 15

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64k + k - 56k = 15
9k = 15
15
k =
9
5
k =
3
5 160
x = 32 × =
3 3
5
y = −
3
5 70
z = −14 × = −
3 3

⃗ 160
^ 5
^ 70 ^
d = i − j − k
3 3 3

3 1 3 1 8 5
33. We have, A
2
= AA = [ ][ ] = [ ]
−1 2 −1 2 −5 2

|A| = (3)(2) - (1)(-1) = 6 + 1 = 7 ≠ 0

8 5 3 1 1 0
⇒ A is non singular and hence A-1 exists.A 2
− 5A + 7I = [ ] − 5[ ] + 7[ ]
−5 2 −1 2 0 1

8 − 15 + 7 5− 5+ 0 0 0
= [ ] = [ ] =O
−5 + 50 3 − 10 + 7 0 0

Now,
A2 – 5A + 7I = O(given)
A2 – 5A = -7I
Post multiplying by A-1, we get,
A2A-1 -5AA-1 = -7IA-1
AAA-1 – 5AA-1 = -7IA-1
A – 5I = -7A-1 [AA-1 = I]
7A-1 = 5I – A
1 0 3 1
= 5[ ] − [ ]
0 1 −1 2

2 −1 1
2 −1
−1
= [ ]A = [ ]
7
1 3 1 3

OR

∣a b c ∣
∣ ∣
Let Δ = ∣
b c a
∣
∣c a b ∣

Therefore, on applying R1 → R1 + R2 + R3, we get,

∣a + b + c a + b+ c a + b+ c∣
∣ ∣
Δ = b c a
∣ ∣
∣ c a b ∣

Therefore, on taking common (a + b + c) from R1 , we get,

∣1 1 1∣
∣ ∣
Δ = (a + b + c) b c a
∣ ∣
∣c a b ∣

Therefore, on applying C2 → C2 - C1 and C3 → C3 - C1, we get,

∣1 0 0 ∣
∣ ∣
Δ = (a + b + c) b c− b a − b
∣ ∣
∣c a − c b− c ∣

Therefore, on expanding along R1 , we get,

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Δ = (a + b + c) [-(b - c)2 - (a - b) (a - c)]

= (a + b + c) [- (b2 + c2 - 2bc) - (a2 - ac - ab + bc)]
= (a+ b + c)[-b2 - c2 + 2bc - a2 + ac +ab - bc]
= ( a + b + c) (ab+ bc + ca - a2 - b2 - c2)
= - (a+ b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ca)
= - (a + b + c) (2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2bc - 2ca)
1

= - (a+ b + c){(a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c -a)2} < 0 [∵ a, b, c > 0 and a ≠ b ≠ c]

1

34. i. x is greater than y, x, y ∈ N

For xRx x > x is not true for any x ∈ N.
Therefore, R is not reflexive.
Let (x, y) ∈ R ⇒ xRy
x>y
but y > x is not true for any x, y ∈ N
Thus, R is not symmetric.
Let xRy and yRz
x > y and y > z ⇒ x > z
⇒ xRz
So, R is transitive.
ii. x + y = 10, x, y ∈ N
R={(x,y) : x+y = 10 ,x,y ∈ R}
R = {(1, 9), (2, 8), (3, 7), (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4), (7, 3), (8, 2), (9, 1)} (1, 1) ∉ R
So, R is not reflexive.
(x, y) ∈ R ⇒ (y, x) ∈ R
Therefore, R is symmetric.
(1, 9) ∈ R, (9, 1) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 1) ∉ R
Hence, R is not transitive.
iii. Given xy, is square of an integer x, y ∈ N
⇒ R = {(x, y) : xy is a square of an integer x, y ∈ N}

(x, x) ∈ R, ∀x ∈ N
As x2 is square of an integer for any x ∈ N
Hence, R is reflexive.
If (x, y) ∈ R ⇒ (y, x) ∈ R
Therefore, R is symmetric.
If (x, y) ∈ R (y, z) ∈ R
So, xy is square of an integer and yz is square of an integer.
Let xy = m2 and yz = n2 for some m, n ∈ Z
2 2

and z =
m x
x =
y y
2 2

, Which is square of an integer.

m n
xz =
2
y

So, R is transitive.
iv. x + 4y = 10, x, y ∈ N
R = {(x, y) : x + 4y = 10, x, y ∈ N}
R{(2, 2), (6, 1)}
(1, 1), (3, 3) ..... ∉ R
Thus, R is not reflexive.

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(6, 1) ∈ R but (1, 6) ∉ R
Hence, R is not symmetric.
(x, y) ∈ R ⇒ x + 4y = 10 but (y, z) ∈ R
y + 4z = 10 ⇒ (x, z) ∈ R
So, R is transitive.

OR

Given that, A = R - {3}, B = R - {1}.

is defined by f(x)
x−2
f : A → B = ∀x ∈ A
x−3

For injectivity
x1 −2 x2 −2
Let f(x 1
) = f( x2 ) ⇒
x1 −3
=
x2 −3

⇒ (x1 - 2)(x2 - 3) = (x2 - 2)(x1 - 3)

⇒ x1x2 - 3x1 - 2x2 + 6 = x1x2 - 3x2 - 2x1 + 6
⇒ -3x1 - 2x2 = -3x2 - 2x1
⇒ -x1 = -x2 ⇒ x1 = x2
So, f (x) is an injective function
For surjectivity
Let y = x - 2 = xy - 3y
x−2
⇒
x−3
2−3y
⇒ x(1 - y) = 2 - 3y ⇒ x = 1−y

3y−2
⇒ x =
y−1
∈ A, ∀y ∈ B [codomain]
So, f (x) is surjective function.
Hence, f (x) is a bijective function.
π

35. y = ∫
0
2
log(
sin x

cos x
+
cos x
)dx
sin x
π

2 sin x cos x
y = ∫ log( + )dx
0 cos x sin x
π π

Let the given integral be, y = − (∫ 0

2
log sin xdx + ∫
0
2
log cos xdx)

Let, I = ∫ 0
2
log sin xdx .... (i)
Use King theorem of definite integral
b b
∫ f(x)dx = ∫ f(a + b − x)dx
a a
π

2 π
I = ∫ log sin( − x)dx
0 2
π

2
I = ∫ log cos xdx
0

Adding eq.(1) and eq.(2)

π π

2 2
2I = ∫ log sin xdx + ∫ log cos xdx
0 0
π

2
2 sin x cos x
2I = ∫ log dx
0 2
π

2
2I = ∫ log sin 2x − log 2dx
0

Let, 2x = t
⇒ 2 dx = dt
At x = 0, t = 0
At x = , t = π π

2
1 π π
2I = ∫ log sin tdt − log 2
2 0 2
π

2 2
π
2I = ∫ log sin xdx − log 2
2 0 2
π
2I = I − log 2
2

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π

2 π
I = ∫ log sin xdx = − log 2
0 2
π

Similarly, ∫ 2
π
log cos xdx = − log 2
0 2
π π

y = − (∫ 0
2
log sin xdx + ∫
0
2
log cos xdx)

π π
y = log 2 + log 2
2 2

y = π log 2

Hence proved.
Section E
36. i. c(h) = 100 h + 320 +
1600

Let l ft be the length and h ft be the height of the tank. Since breadth is equal to 5 ft. (Given)
∴ Two sides will be 5h sq. feet and two sides will be lh sq. feet. So, the total area of the sides is (10 h + 2lh)ft2
Cost of the sides is ₹10 per sq. foot. So, the cost to build the sides is (10h + 2Ih) × 10 = ₹(100h + 20Ih)
Also, cost of base = (5 l) × 20 = ₹100 l
∴ Total cost of the tank in ₹ is given by c = 100 h + 20 lh + 100l
Since, volume of tank = 80 ft3
∴ 5lh = 80 ft3 ∴ l = 80
=
16

5h h

c(h) = 100h + 20 (
16 16
∴ ) h + 100 ( )
h h

= 100h + 320 + 1600

ii. C(h) = 100h + 320 +

1600

h
dC (h)
1600
= 100 −
2
dh h
2
d C (h) −2
= −( ) 1600
2 3
dh h

at h = 4
2
d C (h)

2
= 50 > 0
dh

Hence cost is minimum when h = 4 ft​​

iii. To minimize cost, =0
dc

dh

100 - =0
1600
⇒
2
h

⇒ 100h2 = 1600 ⇒ h2 = 16 ⇒ h = ± 4
⇒ h = 4 [∵ height can not be negative]

OR

Minimum cost of tank is given by

c(4) = 400 + 320 + 1600

= 720 + 400 = ₹1120

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37. i. Total number of toilets that can be expected in each village is given by the following matrix.
X 400 300 100 2/100
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 4/100 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
Z 500 400 150 20/100

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X 8 + 12 + 20 X 40
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 6 + 10 + 15 ⎥ = Y ⎢ 31 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Z 10 + 16 + 30 Z 56

X = 40, Y = 31, Z = 56
X 400 300 100 2/100
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

ii. Y ⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 4/100 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
Z 500 400 150 20/100

X 8 + 12 + 20 X 40
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Y ⎢ 6 + 10 + 15 ⎥ = Y ⎢ 31 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Z 10 + 16 + 30 Z 56

Total attempt made in all the villages = 2475

​Total number of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in all the three-villages = 40 + 31 + 56 = 127
The percentage of toilets that can be expected after the promotion in all the three-villages = 127
× 100 = 5.13%
2475

iii. Let ₹A, ₹B and ₹C be the cost incurred by the organization for villages X, Y and Z respectively. Then A, B, C
will be given by the following matrix equation.
400 300 100 50 A
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 20 ⎥ = ⎢ B ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
500 400 150 40 C

A 400 × 50 + 300 × 20 + 100 × 40

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 300 × 50 + 250 × 20 + 75 × 40 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 500 × 50 + 400 × 20 + 150 × 40

20000 + 6000 + 4000 30000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
= ⎢ 15000 + 5000 + 3000 ⎥ = ⎢ 23000 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
25000 + 8000 + 6000 39000

Cost is ₹30,000.
OR
400 300 100 50 A
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⎢ 300 250 75 ⎥ ⎢ 20 ⎥ = ⎢ B ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
500 400 150 40 C

A 400 × 50 + 300 × 20 + 100 × 40

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 300 × 50 + 250 × 20 + 75 × 40 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 500 × 50 + 400 × 20 + 150 × 40

A 20000 + 6000 + 4000 30000

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢ B ⎥ = ⎢ 15000 + 5000 + 3000 ⎥ = ⎢ 23000 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
C 25000 + 8000 + 6000 39000

Hence total cost is = ₹92000

38. i. P(Grade A in Maths) = P(M) = 0.2
P(Grade A in Physics) = P(P) = 0.3
P(Grade A in Chemistry) = P(C) = 0.5
P(Grade A in all subjects) = P(M ∩ P ∩ C) = P(M)⋅ P(P)⋅ P(C)
P(Grade A in all subjects) = 0.2 × 0.3 × 0.5 = 0.03
ii. P(Grade A in Maths) = P(M) = 0.2
P(Grade A in Physics) = P(P) = 0.3
P(Grade A in Chemistry) = P(C) = 0.5
P(Grade A in no subjects) = P (M
¯
∩ P ∩ C ) = P (M ) ⋅ P (P ) ⋅ P (C )
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯

P(Grade A in no subjects) = 0.8 × 0.7 × 0.5 = 0.280​​

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