DO-LEARN-TEACH

Teacher Training Programme on Experimental Sciences

Conducted by: Supported by:

H.No. 3-5-1101, Madina Bagh, Narayanguda, Hyderabad – 500029

Refraction on Plane Surfaces

Requirements to Observe Refraction
• To observe the refraction there should be two transparent media which are of
different optical densities.
• The medium which has more density is called denser medium.
• The medium which has less density is called rarer medium.
• In refraction there will be a shift in the path of light ray.
• When ever light changes its medium then the speed of the light changes.
• The speed of the light is maximum in air.
Refractive Index
Ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in a given medium.
Refraction of Light Through Glass Slab
Refraction on Rough Surface
Lateral Displacement
It is the perpendicular distance between the emergent ray from a glass
slab and the incident ray produced forward
Let’s Experiment: Refraction through Glass Slab

INCIDENT RAY GLASS SLAB (DENSER MEDIUM)

REFRACTED RAY

REFLECTED
RAY

EMERGENT RAY
AIR (RARER MEDIUM)
Results & Conclusion
𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐢
Angle of Incidence (i) Sin i Angle of Refraction (r) Sin r μ = 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐫
Critical Angle & Total Internal Reflection
Critical Angle :
The angle of incidence beyond which rays of light passing through a denser
medium to the surface of a less dense medium are no longer refracted but
totally reflected.

Total Internal Reflection :

Total internal reflection takes place at the boundary between two
transparent media when a ray of light in a medium of higher index of
refraction approaches the other medium at an angle of incidence greater
than the critical angle. E.g. For a water-air surface the critical angle is 48.5°
Critical Angle & Total Internal Reflection

Angle of incidence < Critical Angle Angle of incidence > Critical Angle

Angle of incidence = Critical Angle

 Let’s
Experiment:
Critical Angle
& TIR