VACCINES

1. Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

A) injection of vaccine.
B) breast feeding
C) placental transfer of antibodies.
D) B and C
2. Which of the following is an example of active immunity?
A) Breastfeeding
B) Vaccination
C) Blood transfusion
D) Organ transplantation
3. Active immunity may be gained by
A) natural infection
B) vaccines
C) toxoids
D) all of these
4. Babies are born
A) with some passive immunity
B) with some natural antibodies form their mother
C) without any immunity
D) A and B
5. An epitope is
A) part of the interferons that penetrate foreign cells.
B) a protein protruding from the surface of B cells.
C) two structurally similar antibodies dissolved in the blood plasma.
D) that part of an antigen that actually binds to an antigen receptor.
6. Vaccination of the ________ provides protection to ________ individuals
A) Minority; Vaccinated C) Minority; Unvaccinated
B) Majority; Vaccinated D) Majority; Unvaccinated
7. Why are non-immunized school age children often protected from vaccine-preventable diseases such as
diphtheria, measles, and polio?
A) Because they are still protected by maternal antibodies.
B) Because the majority of children are immunized against these diseases.
C) Because these diseases have been eradicated.
D) Because such diseases exist only in underdeveloped countries.
E) Because they are not part of the group targeted by these infectious microbes.
8. What is one disadvantage of using attenuated vaccines?
A) They require fewer doses and boosters than other types of vaccines.
B) They can create a virulent form following vaccination.
C) They produce an infection following vaccination.
D) The organisms multiply following vaccination.
E) The organisms can mutate back to a virulent form following vaccination.
9. Which of the following vaccine types can revert to virulence?
A) Killed C) Live attenuated
B) Recombinant D) Polysaccharide
10. Which of the following type of vaccines is likely to induce lifelong immunity?
A) Subunit C) Toxoid
B) Live attenuated D) Conjugated
11. How long does the protection provided by immune serum globulin (ISG) last?
A) 30 minutes C) 1-2 weeks
B) 2-3 months D) 1 year
12. Under what conditions is an acellular or subunit vaccine produced?
A) When the causative agent of infection is known
B) When the exact composition of the antigenic determinant is known
C) When the exact antigenic determinants that stimulate immunity are known
D) When the organism produces a weakly antigenic toxin
E) When the DNA sequence of the microbe is known
13. Inactivated vaccine has ______ of including disease comparing to live-attenuated vaccine. It’s also _______
and require _________ dose(s).
A) less risk / long-lived / multiple
B) less risk / not long-lived / single
C) no risk / long-lived / single
D) no risk / not long-lived / multiple
14. Why is using an adjuvant in a vaccine preparation advantageous?
A) It prevents pain during the injection.
B) It alleviates the necessity of booster doses of the vaccine.
C) It enhances the immunogenicity of the antigen.
D) It prevents local reactions at the injection site.
15. Adjuvants work to non-specifically augment the immune response to simultaneously injected antigen. Which
of these mechanisms do adjuvants use to produce this augmentation?
A) Adjuvants enhance antibody association constants.
 B) Adjuvants augment complement protein concentrations.
C) Adjuvants emulsified with antigen responses or modulates an antigen towards the desired immune
responses
D) Adjuvants augment the levels of carrier proteins in the serum.
16. When taking about preservatives in vaccine, which statement is FALSE?
A) Added to multi-dose vaccines C) Present in some but not all vaccines
B) Include mainly a specific substances D) Inactivate viruses or detoxify bacterial toxins
17. Which of the following is one cardinal rule for a workable vaccine?
A) It must last a lifetime.
B) It must contain an antigen that will provide protection but not cause the disease.
C) It must induce only the humoral immune response to be considered effective.
D) It must be administered intramuscularly to increase its effectiveness.
E) It must use live organisms in order to induce protective immunity.
18. Which of the following is NOT a quality of an effective vaccine?
A) It should require periodic boosters to maintain its effectiveness.
B) It should stimulate the production of memory cells.
C) It should stimulate both a humoral and cell-mediated immune response.
D) It should protect against the natural form of the pathogen.
E) It should be easy to administer.
19. The majority of licensed vaccines today consist of all BUT which of the following antigenic preparations?
A) Killed, whole bacteria or viruses
B) Live, attenuated bacteria or viruses
C) Acellular antigens derived from bacteria or viruses
D) Active toxins derived from bacteria
E) Recombinant bacteria, viruses, or antigens
20. What is NOT a method of attenuation?
A) Long-term cultivation of the microbe
B) Treatment of the microbial culture with heat, radiation, or formalin
C) Selection of mutant strains of the microbe
D) Removal of critical microbial virulence factors
E) Passage of the microbe through unnatural hosts or tissues