STRUCTURES

1. It takes sb (period of time) to do st = sb spend (period of time) doing st

Eg: It took her 3 hours to get to the city centre
= She spent 3 hours getting to the city centre.

2. Understand = to be aware of
Eg: Do you understand the grammar structure?
= Are you aware of the grammar structure?

3. Like = to be interested in = enjoy = keen on = to be fond of V-ing

Eg: She likes politics
= She is interested in politics

4. Because + clause = because of + N

Eg: He can’t move because his leg was broken
= He can’t move because of his broken leg

5. Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N

Eg: Although she is old, she can compute very fast
= Despite her old age, she can compute very fast.
= In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast.

6. Succeed in doing st = manage to do st

Eg: We succeeded in digging the Panama cannel
= We managed to dig the Panama cannel

7. Too/So/Enough
 ….. too + adj (for sb) to do sth :
Eg: : My father is too old to drive
 so + adj + that Clause = It is such a/ an N that … :
Eg: She is so beautiful that everybody loves her
= It is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her.
 Adj/Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth:
Eg: This car is enough safe for him to drive
The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robber

8. Prefer
 Prefer sb to do st = Would rather sb V2/ed st:
Eg: I prefer you (not) to smoke here
= I’d rather you (not) smoked here
 Prefer doing sth to doing sth = Would rather do sth than do sth = Like sth/doing
sth better than sth/doing sth:
Eg: She prefers staying at home to going out
= She’d rather stay at home than go out

9. Can = to be able to = to be possible

10. Ngay sau khi … thì …: As soon as

 Hardly + had +S + V(P2) when S + V_past:
 No sooner + had +S + V3 than S + V2
Eg: As soon as I left the house, he appeared
Hardly had I left the house when he appeared
No sooner had I left the house than he appeared

11. Không còn nữa

 Not ……….. any more :
 No longer + dạng đảo ngữ S = no more
Eg: I don’t live in the courtryside anymore
No longer do I live in the coutryside
= I no more live in the countryside

12. At no time + dạng đảo

Eg: I don’t think she loves me
= At no time do I think she loves me
13. To be not worth doing st = there is no point in doing st :
Eg: It’s not worth making him get up early
= There is no point in making him getting early

14. It seems that = It appears that = It is likely that = It looks as if/ as though:
Eg: It seems that he will come late
= It appears that / It is likely that he will come late
He is likely to come late
= It looks as if he will come late

15. Not………until ……..:

16. Need to V = to be necessary (for sb) to V:

Eg: You don’t need to send her message
= It’s not necessary for you to send her message

17. Although + clause = In spite of + Nound/gerund = Despite + Nound/gerund

18. S + often + V = S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving /N:

Eg: Nana often cried when she meets with difficulties
= Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties

19. This is the first time + S + have + V3/ed = S+be + not used to + Ving/N:
Eg: This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie
= I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie.

20. S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V

21. It’s one’s duty to do st = S + be + supposed to do st:

22. S + be + V(P2) + to + V = S + be + supposed to do st:

23.
 Imperative verb = S + should (not) + be + V3/ed
 Imperative verb = S + should (not) + do st

24. I + let + O + do st = S + allow + S.O + to do St:

Eg: My boss lets him be on leave for wedding
= My boss allows him to be on leave for wedding.

25. S + once + V2/ed = S+ used to+ V+ N

26. S + present verb (negative) any more = S + would to + do st.

27.
 S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive
Eg: She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination
= She studies hard to pass the final examination.
 Because + clause = Because of + noun/gerund
Eg: Because she is absent her from school …
= Because of her absence from school …

28. S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V = S + V + to + infinitive: …

29. To infinitive or gerund + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V

30. S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both … and

31. S + V + not only … + but also = S + V + both … and: … \

Eg: He translated fast and correctly
= He translated not only fast but also correctly

32. S1 + simple present + and+ S2 + simple further =If + S1 + simple present + S2 +

simple furture.

33. S1 + didn’t + V1 + Because + S2 + didn’t + V2 = If Clause

34. Various facts given = IF clause.

35. S1 + V1 + if + S2 + V2 (phủ định)= S1 + V1 + Unless + S2 + V2 (khẳng định)

36. S + V + O = S + be + noun + when/where/whom/which + adj clause

37. S + be + scared of st= S + be + afraid of + st:

38. Why don’t you do st? = In my opinion = Let’s + V = S + advise = S + suggest + that
+ S + present subjunctive:

39. S + get + sb + to do st= S + have + sb + do st

Eg: She gets him to spend more time with her
= She has him spend more time with her

40. S + aks + sb + to do st = S + have + sb + do st

Eg: Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room
= Police have him identify the other man in the next room

41. S + request + sb + to do st= S + have + sb + do st:

Eg: The teacher request students to learn by heart this poem.
= The teacher has students learn by heart this poem.

42. S + want + sb + to do st= S + have + sb + do st:

Eg: I want her to lend me
= I have her lend me.

43. S + V + no + N = S + be + N-less
Eg: She always speaks no care
= She is always careless about her words.
44. S + be + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + to + V
Eg: Study is necessary that you will get a good life in the future
= Study is necessary to get a good life in the future

45. S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv

Eg: My students are very good at Mathematics
= My students study Mathematics well

46. S + remember + to do St = S + don’t forget + to do St

Eg: I remember to have a Maths test tomorrow
= I don’t forget to have a Maths test tomorrow

47. It + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!

Eg: It was an interesting film
= What an interesting film!

49. S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be …

Eg: She washes clothes quickly
= How quick she is to wash clothes!

50. S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj

51. S + V = S + be + ed-adj