Air Winch Drum

Mon Lock
Lock
Compressd
Air

Coble
or
Rope

Hoisting
Ladder
with
-Shaft
Pipe
Air
Compressed

Lift Shatt
Air
L-
Bucket
Muck

Air Lock

Working Chomber

FIG. 4.36. SECTIONS OF A PNEUMATIC CAISSON.

 Closer Closer

Hegder
Lap
Course

Stretcher
Course

Quoin
Hedder

Verticol
Quoin Joint
Stretetch er Header LBed Jolnt

FIG. S.1. ILLUSTRATION OF VARIOUS TERMS.

 Coping

Foropet
Woll
Terrocing Blocking
Course
R.C.C. Slob
Cornice

1Frleze
String
Flooring Course

-R.C.C. Siab

tLwoll

Corbel

LLintel
Jomb
9LReveol
Window
Frome

SII

Flooring Plinth
Course

ro.L.
OUNdOion
Concrete
Foundatlon

FIG. 5.6. SECTION THROUGH A WALL

 Weathering

ZThroating

Wall

FIG. 5.7. COPING.

FIG. S.8. ARCH.

 X

(T)

Througn
T

(0) Elevotion (b) Section X-%

FIG. 5.14. RANDOM RUBBLE : UNCOURSED.
Quoin

mperpend
Rocking
Bock

Quoin
Heoders

Stretcher Toothing
Course

Header Course

Vertical Stretcher
LQuoin Course
Closer Joint

FIG. 6.2. ELEVATION OF A BRICK WALL.

(o) Full (b) Queen - Closer
Brick
(c) Queen - Closer
(Holf) (Quarter)

45 to 60*

(«) King Closer (c) Bevelled Closer (?) MItred Closer

( ) Bevelled Bot
I)Halt Bot (h) Three' Quorter Bat
BRICK PORTIONS.
OF
FIG. 6.3. VARIOUS FORMS
 H H Hder
SS Course
9 S s
S Stretcher
Course
5/S S
H
3S
SS
CLOSER
S = SIREICHER:H= HEADER Q= QUEEN
FIG. 6.6. ENGLISH BOND.
 A

(a) Isometric View (b) Elevotion

2,4,6 - Courses I,3,5 -- Çourses

(c) Plon
(d) Plon
FIG. 6.4. STRETCHER BOND.
 3
2

At 3 Bat

(o) Isometric View

(b) Elevoti on

Bote Bots

2,4,6 -o- Courses I,3,6 --- Courses

(c) Plon (d) Plon

FIG. 6.5. HEADER BOND

nient
 H
S S

7S L S

S S
H
3s S S
2 HQ
IS H S H HSHS

FIG. 6.9. FLEMISH BOND (ELEVATION).

FIG. 6.13. SILVERLOCK'S BOND.
 S S H

H 7

H 5

B3
H 3

H S S 2

H.

H HEADER;^ STRETCHER B 3/4 BRICK BAT.

FIG. 6.14. DUTCH BOND.
(a) Dlagonal Bond (b) Herring- bone Bond
FIG. 6.15. RAKING BONDS.
FIG. 6.16. ZIG-ZAG BOND.
 HandR i l

Londing
Baluster Tedd

1Rise
Newel
post Going
Nosing Rise
TStep Waist hla Going
String Scotia }Tread
Riser
(a) (b)
FIG. 14.1 TERMS USED IN STAIRS.
 Section DD.

12 13 14 15 I6 17 18 19 20 21
Half Upper
Spoce Londing
Londing Newel

6 3 2
IO 9 7
UP

Plon.
DOG-LEGGED STAIR.
FIG. 14.6.
 Section G.G. Section H.H.

-Up
Half
space
Landing
Up
Up G
(b) Continuous

(a) With Londing

N STAITS.
 Handrail

Newel

Section E.E. Section F.F.

Quarter
-Up spoce
Landing
Halt - HUp
well - space
Landing
E F

Plgn
Plan
(a) With Half spoce Landing (b) With Qugrter-space Londiny
and Intervening Flight

FIG. 14.7. OPEN NEWEL HALF TURN

STAIRS.
 \eIria

Elevotion

-Up Up

Newel Geometrical

"Up

FIG. 14.9. BIFURCATED STAIR.

 String
FCourse
AN

Battens Roof Covering

Guttr

Wall plate
Corbel
Rafters Knee
Strap
Woll plate LEoves
-Wall or Board
Post plate Wall
or
Pier
FIG. 15.4. LEAN-TO-ROOF.
 4 to 6 m
4 to 6 m

(o) King Post Truss (b) Rolsed Chord TruSs

4 to 6 m 6 to 9 n

(c) Scls9ore Truss (d) King Post Truss

6to 9m 6to9 m

(1) Simple Fink Truss

(e) Rolsed Chord Truss

9 to l2 in

(g) Howe Truss

9 toI2 m
Truss
(h) Fan - Fink

FIG. 15. 19.

STEEL TRUSSES.
482
BUILIDING CONSTRUCTH

12 to 15 m

(a) Compound Fink Truss.

12 to 15 m
Compound Howe Truss
(b)

12 to 15 m
Rolsd Chord
(c) Compound IHowe Truss wifh

12 to 15 m
(d) Compound Fon - Fink Truss

IComber
12 to I5 m
(e) Camber ed Fink or French Truss

FIG. 15.20. STEEL TRUSSES.

 ROOF (OVERING
AND
NOIOES,
483

9to 12 m
9 to 12n

(o) North Light Trusses

9 to 12 m Tol m 9to l2 m
(b) North Liçht or Saw- T0th r Weoving shed Trus9

9 to 12 m 9 to I2 m
Cotumes

(c) Moditied North Lignt Truss

201-30m

(d) Bow String Truss

STEEL TRUSSES.
FIG. 15.21.
Ind.
 A.C.Ridge
p0OFS
AND
Purlin
ROOF
Cle ot
-Strut
COVERINC
Cleat.
A.C. She ets
tTie
-Strut Suspender
Principal
Rafter -Strut Tie
1Tie

Gusset plotes

Angle cleat Main Tie

Base plate
Foundation Bolt
C.C.Block
STEE ROOF TRUSS.
FIG. 15.23. DETAILS OF
485