Signals and System

Convolution
Convolution
› Representing a system by a single signal
› Response of an LTI system to an arbitrary
input → more complicated input signal

Discrete Time Convolution

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Response to Arbitrary Signal
Response to Arbitrary Signal
Response to Arbitrary Signal
Response to Arbitrary Signal
Response to Arbitrary Signal
Response to Arbitrary Signal
Response to Arbitrary Signal
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Superposition
Linearity
Superposition
Superposition
Time-Invariance
Superposition
Structure of Superposition
Convolution
Notation
Notation
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
Structure of Convolution
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DT Convolution: Summary
Continuous Time Convolution
The same sort of reasoning applies to CT signals.

where
CT Convolution
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Structure of Superposition
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Continuous Time Convolution
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Determine the output, 𝑦(𝑡),signal for a given
input signal, 𝑥(𝑡).

𝒉(𝒕)

2
∗ 𝒙(𝒕)
2

-1 1 𝒕 -1 1 𝒕
Flip and Slide
𝒉(𝝉)
𝒙(𝒕)
2 2

-1 1 𝝉
-1 1 𝒕

𝒉(−𝝉)
𝒙(𝝉)
2
2

-1 1 𝝉 -1 1 𝝉

𝒉(𝒕 − 𝝉)

𝒕−𝟏 𝒕 𝒕+𝟏 𝝉
Convolution Cases Interval

𝒉(𝒕 − 𝝉) 𝒙(𝝉)
2

𝒕−𝟏 𝒕 𝒕 + 𝟏 -1 1 𝝉

𝒉(𝒕 − 𝝉) 𝒙(𝝉)
2

𝒕−𝟏 𝒕-1 𝒕+𝟏 1 𝝉

Convolution Cases Interval

𝒉(𝒕
𝒙(𝝉)− 𝝉)
2

𝒕 -1
−𝟏 𝒕 𝒕 1+ 𝟏 𝝉

𝒙(𝝉) 𝒉(𝒕 − 𝝉)
2

-1 𝒕−𝟏 𝒕1 𝒕+𝟏 𝝉
Convolution Cases Interval

𝒙(𝝉) 𝒉(𝒕 − 𝝉)
2

-1 𝒕 1− 𝟏 𝒕 𝝉 𝒕+𝟏

There is no overlapping in Case #1 and Case #5

Case #2
𝒉(𝒕 − 𝝉) 𝒙(𝝉)
2

𝒕 − 𝟏 -1 𝒕 𝒕+𝟏 1 𝝉
Case #3
𝒙(𝝉) 𝒉(𝒕 − 𝝉)
2

-1 𝒕−𝟏 𝒕 1 𝒕+𝟏 𝝉
Case #4
𝒙(𝝉) 𝒉(𝒕 − 𝝉)
2

-1 𝒕−𝟏 1 𝒕 𝝉
𝒕+𝟏
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Solution

−2𝑡 2 + 2 −1 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 0
𝑦 𝑡 = 2 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 1
2𝑡 2 − 8𝑡 + 8 1 < 𝑡 ≤ 2
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Check Yourself Solution
Determine the integration interval
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Find the convolution between 𝑥(𝑡) and 𝑦 𝑡 .
Where
1 −1 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1
𝑥 𝑡 =ቊ
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡≥0
ℎ 𝑡 =൜
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

𝑦 𝑡 =𝑥 𝑡 ∗ℎ 𝑡

Draw the output signal.

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Solution

1 − 𝑒 −(𝑡+1) −1 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1
𝑦 𝑡 = ൝𝑒 −𝑡 (𝑒1 − 𝑒 −1 ) 𝑡>1
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Check Yourself
Find the convolution of both signals.
𝑥(𝑡) ℎ(𝑡)

1
∗ 1

-1 1 1
-1

𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑡 ∗ ℎ(𝑡)

Determine the output and draw the signal.

Check Yourself
Is the answer correct? If not find the problem with the answer.

1 −2 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ −1
2(𝑡 + 2)2
1 − 12𝑡 2 −1 < 𝑡 ≤ 0
𝑦 𝑡 = 1 − 12𝑡 2 0<𝑡≤1
1
+ 2)2 1<𝑡≤2
2(𝑡
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Summary
› Describe a system representation as a
single signal
› Describe system response of an arbitrary
signal (more complicated signal)
› Describe convolution of discrete-time
signals
› Describe convolution of continuous-time
signal