BMAT-Chem 2023 by P’Fah

BMAT CHEMISTRY
C2. The Periodic Table

C2.1 Know that Periods are horizontal rows and Groups are vertical columns.

C2.2 Know that the elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic
number.

C2.3 Recall the position of metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table: alkali
metals (Group 1), alkaline earth metals (Group 2), common non-metals in
Group 16, the halogens (Group 17), the noble gases (Group 18) and the
transition metals.

C2.4 Know and use the relationship between the position of an atom in the
Periodic Table (Group and Period) and the electron configuration of the atom.

C2.5 Understand that elements in the same Group have similar chemical
properties and that down a metal Group, reactivity increases and down a non-
metal Group, reactivity decreases.

The Periodic Table

• The periodic table can be used to identify the chemical makeup of elements;
the number
the number of
ofelectrons,
pt , nprotons,
e- and neutrons, as well as the number of
,

electron shells and how the electrons are arranged in the shells. This
information can be used to predict properties of elements.

• Elements are arranged in the periodic table in order of ascending atomic

number. From
From left
1-R to right,
, From top
Top >
-
Bottomto bottom.
 BMAT-Chem 2023 by P’Fah

• Elements are also arranged in "groups"

groups(vertical columns) and "periods"
peur
(horizontal rows).
Velence in e-
• Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons their
transition
outer shell, except transition metals.
metals
º For example, all elements in group 2 have 2 electrons in their outer
shell.
º This also means that elements in the same group will have similar
properties
chemical properties.
chemical
• Elements in the same period have the same number of shells shells
of electrons
⑳ (n).

↓
- a period
- a
group
2
- &
 BMAT-Chem 2023 by P’Fah

Atomic
Element Electron configuration Group Period
number

1 1 -

1
w
2 2
3 2,1
4 2,2
5 2,3
6 2,4
7 2,5
8 2,6
9 2,7
10 2,8
11 2,8,1
12 2,8,2
13 2,8,3
14 2,8,4
15 2,8,5
16 2,8,6
17 2,8,7
18 2,8,8
19 2,8,8,1
20 2,8,8,2
 BMAT-Chem 2023 by P’Fah

There are some groups which are important to know the names of:

Group Name

1 Alkali metals
2 metals
Al Kali Earth
16 Common Non-metals
17
Halogens
18
Noble gases

The groups can provide information about the reactivity of compounds.

• Reactivity increases down a metal group.

o This is because the electrons in the outermost shell are further from the
nucleus and so it is easier to lose electrons to form a full outer shell.

• Reactivity decreases down a non-metal group.

o This is because the outermost electrons are further from the nucleus so it
is harder to gain an additional electron to achieve a full outer shell.

• Noble gases are inert. This means that they do not react easily because they
already have a full outer shell of electrons.
 -

~, X by chemical method
~

~
X covalent sharing
~
X
-

O
 ionic bonding
-
~ ,

-
- +y -

-
~
-

~
X

G
 ~

C
G
Tur
-
metal
000000
1 a
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Na Cu

-
ionic

g - covalent

E
E
 Be2t By
O
BeBrz

gaine >
- full outer sholl
& C

-
~
Rou
&
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- covolent
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-

O
 covalent
&
~ lot of
& -

~
↑
flex
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C
~

O =
000
 126 = 6 EX
18

m number
= 16 +2 =

+ n mass
A-p
=

aa
=
8 + 2 =
10

: atomic number
14
=
z :
p ,
e

=
18
As 18

--

O
 Reactivity

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