43

Bolted and Pinned Connections

Simple Connections-Riveted,

Problem 2.3 200 KN

truss joint as shown in

Design a bolted connection of a and steel having
grade
Fig. 2.25 using M16 black bolts of 4.6 plate. 6
f = 410 N/mm.Use 10 mm thick gusset 55
x

Solution: (i) Given data: 2L55

x

Dia. of bolt M16 = 16 mm

Dia of hole = 16+2= 18 mm
Grade of bolt material 4.6 60° B
Strength of bolt material f., = 400 N/mm
200 kN
A 2 L 60 x 40 x 6
Yield strength f, = 250 N/mm Fig. 2.25
Strength of steel material f., = 410 N/mm?
one bolt in single shear
(ii) Strength calculation: (a) Design shear strength of

dsb =
1 fub (M, Anb t n, Asb)|
Ymb LV3
Ymb = 1.25, n, = 1, n,=0,

A, =0.78 x 4
(16) = 156.82 mm?
1 | 400
V
dsb
1.25| J3 (Ux156.82)|
= 28,974.35 N OR 28.974 kN
Strength of one bolt in double shear
=2x 28.974
= 57.948 kN
(b) Strength of one bolt in bearing

Vapb -[2.5x k xdx fl

Ymb

k, =smaller of
P-0.25, fub.b,1.0
3do 3d
Assuming e =30 mm andp= 40 mm
30 40
= 0.55, -0.25 = 0.49
3x18 3x18
400
= 0.975, and 1.0
410
ky, = 0.49
t =6 mm (the of angle section, which is
but for two angles thinner than gusset)
t =6 x 2 =12 imm
 Structures
Design ofSteel

of gusset plate)
Consider t= 10 mm (tk.
-2.5x0.49 x16>X10x410] =64.28 x 103
dpb1.25 N
OR 64.28 kN

member AB and AC
(ii) No. of bolts for composed of double angle section ISA, 60x 40x6a
member is
For member AB: The
double shearing and bearing. and
to 10mmthe gusset plate, bolt will be in
Bolt value = 57.948 kN
connected
200 =3.45 = 4 Nos.
No. of bolts required = 57.948
double shear and bearing
For member AC: The member is in
Bolt value = 57.948
200 -=3.45 4 Nos.
No. of bolts required = 57.948

mm

5 5

5 5

ISA

Gusset plate 10 mm thick

Gusset plate

Bolts
ISA 60 x 40 x 6

2 ISA 60 x 40 x6 mm
30 40 40 40 30 mm
c/s
Fig. 2.26 Elevation showing joint details
Problem 2.4
Design alap joint connecting two plates 120 mm x6 mm to transmit afactored load of 150kN. Use 16
mm diameter black bolts of grade 4.6 and
steel having f. = 410 N/mm.
Solution: (i) Given data
Diarneter of bolt = 16 mm
Diameter of bolt hole = 16+2 = 18 mm
Ultimate strength of bolt material f., = 400
Ultimate strength of plate material f = 410 N/mm
Minimum edge distance = 1.7 x N/mm
dia. of hole
e= 1.7 x 18 = 30.6 say 30
mm
 Simple Connections-Riveted, Bolted and Pinned Connections 47

Problem 2.5
Two plates 180 mm x 10 mm each are connected by a double cover butt joint
with 16 mm diameter
bolts as shown in Fig. 2.29. The cover plates are 6 mm thick.
Determine the strength of the joint.
30 50 50 30 Cover plate
Plate
f6mm
10mm
16mm

30 Î

60

180 mm
60

30

50

Fig. 2.29
Solution: (i) Given data:
Dia. of bolt = 16 mm = d
Dia of bolt hole = 16 + 2 = 18 mm = d
Assuming
Strength of bolt material = 400 N/mm² (G)
Strength of plate material = 410 Nímm² (f.)
Yield strength of steel = 250 Nímm (f)
(i) Strength calculations:
As it is a case of double cover butt joint, the bolts are in double shear
(a) Design strength of one bolt in double shear:

Vdsb = Ymbl v3 (for double shear)

n, =1, Ymh = l.25

Ah = 0.78 x TU4 (16)²
= 156.82 mm?

Vdsb =
125400 x156.82)|x2
= 57.94 x 10*N
For 3bolts = 3 x 57.94 × 10 = 173.82 x 10 N
 Structures
DesignofSteel
bearing:
strengthofoneboltin
(b)Design
25xk, xdxtx f]
Ymb

the following
k, is thesmallestof
e P-0.25, ,1.0 as per IS:800-2007

p=50 mm, e=30 mm (as shown in Fig. 2.29)

30 50 400
3x18
= 0.55, .-0.25 = 0.67, = 0.975, 1.0
3x18 410
k, =0.55, t= 10 mm (smaller) (as 6 +
6= 12 mm)
Vápb 1.25 2.5x0.55x16x10x 400)
=70,400 N
For three bolts, bearing strength =3 x
70.4 × 10°N=211.2 x 10 N
(c) Design strength of the plate
from yielding consideration:

Ymb Agf
f, =250 N/mm?
A,8 =180 x 10 = 1800
mm
1.10[1800 ×250]
(d) Design = 409.09 >x
10 N
strength of the plate from
rupture
consideration.
Ymi [0.9xA, Xf
Yn 1.25

An=[180-3%
j,= 410
Nmm
18] x 10 =
1260mm
1
(for plate)

=
12309x1260x4101
Design strength of ioint -371952x 10 N
=
173.82 x
10N
least of values
calculated above.
 Structures
60 Design of Steel

ecentric connections: Column

Ihere e two ypes of
Line of action of eccentric load is in the
(a)
plane of group of bolts (Fig. 2.39).
eocentric load is in the
(b) Line of tion of Bolts
group
plane pependicular to the plane of
of bolts. (Fig. 2.40).
P
The eentric load Pmay bereplaced by load
plus
ting through the centre of gravity of bolts Bracket
moment P xexting on the joint.
As shown in Fig. 2.39 bolts are subjected to
direct shea and tension in bolts developed to resist
the bending moment Pxe. Fig. 2.40
Let n be the number of bolts in the bracket connection.
Direct shear force in a bolt
P
F= ...2.20)
It acts in verical upward direction (for equilibrium)
It is assumed that the bracket is rigid and therefore the force (T) or (F,) in the bolt due to moment
will depend upon its radial distance from the centre of gravity of the bolts and will act at right angle to
theradial lines as shown in Fig. 2.39.
F, cr or F, =Kr
where K is the constant of proportionality.
K can be found by equating resisting moment to the applied moment
Thus, EF,·r=P e
or
EK=Pxe
or Pxe
K=

P"er ...(2.21)
F, = K-r=
The resultant of F, and F, act on the bolt. If Ois the angle between F, and F2 then the resultant F
isgiven by:
..(2.22)
F= JF +F; +2F ·F, - cos
Based on law of parallelogram for two
forces not at right angle
Also, it is noted that, the farthest bolt is
subiected to maximum force.
Problem 2.12
Abracket plate bolted to a grade4.6are
vertical
used, determine the maximum value of column is loaded as shown in Fig. 2.41. If M20 bolts of
factored load P which can be carried sarely·
Solution: For M20 bolts of grade 4.6
 Connections 61
and Pinned
Simple Connections-Riveted, Bolted

P (load per braket plate)

300
250 mm

- - -

Flange
P
ISMC
80 mm
10mm thk. 300
-- Bracket plate

80 mm

-90-60 60 ISMC 300

Bracket plate

Fig. 2.41
d = 20 mm
S, = 400 N/mm²
d, = 20 + 2 mm = 22 mm
For rolled plate steel section
S, = 410 N/mm?
Referring (steel table)
Thickness of Web/Flange of ISMC 300 is P

L(w) = 7.6 mm
F.
Since this is a lap joint between bracket plate and
flange of ISMC 300, the bolts are in single shear.
Design strength of bolts in single shear (for one
bolt) F
80

Vasb VnsbYmb
V.nsb AnAnb tn, Ag)
80
F.
A,, = net shear area of bolt at threads F1

= 0.78 x TJ4 (d)² - -

400/
V3 1x0.78x(20' F2
= 56.59 >x 10 N
60
te60
Fig. 2.42
 Structures
62
DesignofSteel

56.59x10 - 45.27 x 10 N OR 45.27 KN

1.25
ofa bolt in bearing
(i) Design strength
Vnbp 2.5-k, d·tf
Vdpb 1.25
Ymb
Ky = is least of
300/2-120/2 90
=1.36
(a) 3x22 66
3do
80
--0.25=0.962
(b) P-0.25=
3d, 3x22

Jeb 400 =0.975

(c) Jup 410

(d) 1.0
k, = 0.962 (which is governed by p/3d -0.25)
2.5x0.962x 20x7.6x400
V,
dpb 1.25

Vapb = 116.97x 10 N OR 116.97 kN> 45.27 KN

Design strength of bolt is = 45.27 kN
Force in extreme bolt

Direct shear force F, = -=0.2P

5
Centre of gravity of bolted connection is at the centre of central bolt
For four bolts r = J60) +(80) = 100mm
For central bolt r=0
Force due to bending moment in extreme bolt e = 250 mm (givem)
Pxexr Px250x100
F,= = 0.625P 60
4x(100)
Angle between the two forces,
cos = 60
where, A
100
100
=53.13 OR cos 9 = 0.6
Total shear on extreme bolt
(Resultant force)
= F+F +2F, ·F, cos 0
= V(0.2P)? +(0.625P)2 +2x(0.2P0.6251)^
=0.761 P
 63
Connections
Connections-Riveted, Bolted and Pinned
Simple
of bolt
extreme bolt to design strength
Equating the total shear on
0.761 P= 45.27
i.e., P=59.48 kN
x 59.48
Total factored load on bracket = 2
= 118.97 kN

Bolts Subjected to Eccentric Loading in the Plane

2.10.2 Design of Bearing Group of Bolts
Perpendicular to the
spaced at a Column
Let, n be the number of bolts, uniformly its
distancep. The force in a bolt is proportional to
distance from the neutral axis.
P

should
This maximum force in the extreme bolt Bracket

not exceed the bolt strength V.

Average force per unit depth at extreme end
f'=

n
Maximum forcef= f . n-1
Vn
pn-1
Total force above the N.A Fig. 2.43 Eccentric connection

F=.-bxh (Area of triangle) ...(2.23)

-;xfxp
2
(Refer Fig. 2.44)
n np
2 pn-1 2

p 1 np
F< np
2
n.p
(n-1)p A

Fig. 2.44 Stress

diagram