Section A: Match the Following (5 marks)

Match the items in Column A with the appropriate items in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. DNA | A. Segment of DNA that codes for a protein

2. Chromosome | B. Double helix structure
3. Gene | C. Thread-like structure in the nucleus
4. Nucleotide | D. Building block of DNA
5. Mutation | E. Change in DNA sequence

Section B: True or False (5 marks)

Write True or False for the following statements.

1. DNA is found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

2. Chromosomes are made up of proteins and DNA.
3. Genes determine the characteristics of an organism.
4. A single nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
5. Mutations can sometimes be beneficial.

Section C: Short Answer Questions (20 marks)

1. Define a gene. (2 marks)

2. What is the role of chromosomes in the cell? (2 marks)
3. Describe the structure of DNA. (3 marks)
4. How do mutations occur? (3 marks)
5. Explain the difference between a gene and a chromosome. (2 marks)
6. Why is DNA important for living organisms? (3 marks)
7. What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA? (2 marks)
8. Describe the process of DNA replication. (3 marks)

Section D: Long Answer Questions (20 marks)

1. Discuss the importance of genetic diversity. How do processes like meiosis and
mutations contribute to genetic diversity in a population? (10 marks)
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