LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL REVIEWER 4.

Olimpia “Ypia” (1855-1887)

– married to Silvestro, died during child birth.
5. Lucia (1857-1919)
CHAPTER 1: BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD – married to Manuel Herbosa.
1.1 Republic Act 1425 – Her husband died on May 1889 during the cholera
outbreak
• Known as “Rizal Law”. – an act mandating all
6. Maria “Biang” (1859-1945
public and private institutions including state
– married to Daniel Faustino Cruz.
colleges and universities to include Jose P. Rizal's
7. JOSE RIZAL
life, works and writings as a course across
8. Concepcion “Concha” (1862-1865)
programs.
– died at 3 y/o due to heart failure.
• Written by Senator Jose P. Laurel. Approved on
9. Josefa “Panggoy”(1865-1945)
June 12, 1956
– died at age of 80 (no husband)
• Noli~Fili Bill - House Bill 5561, April 19, 1956 10. Trinidad (1868-1951)
and Senate Bill 428, April 3, 1956 – led by Cong. – keeper of Mi Ultimo Adios
Jacobo Gonzales and Sen. Claro Recto. – died at age of 83 (no husband)
1.2 Birth 11. Soledad “Choleng” (1870-1929)
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonso y Realonda – married to Pantaleon Quintero
– teacher
• Born on Wednesday, June 19, 1861 at Lakeshore
Town, Calamba, Laguna. 1.5 Family
• Named in honor of St. Protacio & St. Joseph
• 7th Child of Don Francisco Mercado and Doña The Mercado – Rizal Family
Teodora Alonso • Researchers revealed that the Mercado-Rizal
• Baptized by Rev. Fr. Rufino Collantes at the family had also traces of Japanese, Spanish,
Church on June 22, 1861. Malay and even Negrito blood aside from
• Godfather – Rev. Fr. Pedro Casanas Chinese.
1.3 Parents
Father 1.6 Ancestors

Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro II Patrilineal Descent

• Born on May 11, 1818 at Biñan
• Youngest of the 13 children of Cirila Alejandro
and Juan Mercado
• Pure Filipino, Hardworking and progressive
farmer
• At 80, he died on January 5, 1898 (year after
execution of Rizal)
Mother
Doña Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos
• Born on November 9, 1827 at Meisik
(Chinatown), Manila but is a native of Sta. Cruz,
Manila.
• Belong to a distinguished family
• Rizal’s First Teacher
• Imprisoned for 2 yrs because allegedly poison her
cousin.
• Died: August 16, 1911 (aged 84)
1.4 Siblings
Rizal had 11 Siblings two boys and nine girls.
1. Saturnina “Neneng” (1850-1913)
– Second Mother to Rizal
– Married to Manuel Hidalgo
– Published Pascual Poblete's Tagalog translation
of the Noli Me Tangere in 1909
2. Paciano “Ciano” (1851-1930)
– Only brother, served as his 2nd father
– He used to study Latin under 'Maestro Justinian
Jose called him as "Uto"
– became a general of the Revolutionary Army
after the death of his younger brother.
3. Narcisa “Sisa” (1852-1939)
– very close to Rizal, married to Antonio Lopez.
– supported her brother Jose's studies abroad
Jose's father's side had Chinese descent
Domingo Lamco
• Great-great grandfather
• A Chinese immigrant from Sionggue
Chhangchow City, Province of Fujian
• Married to Ines Dela Rosa
• Took the surname "Mercado" in 1731
Ines Dela Rosa Chinco
• Great-great grandmother
• known as a "Sangley"
• She belonged to an entrepreneurial family in
Binondo
Francisco Chinco Mercado
• Child of Domingo and Ines
• Born in 1731; died in 1801
• Was married to Cirila Bernacha Vargas Monicha
• Child: Juan Monicha Mercado
Josefa Didnio Chinco Mercado Rizal
• Child of Domingo and Ines
• Born in 1741
Juan Monicha Mercado
• Was married to Cirila Alejandro.
• Blessed with 12 children: the youngest was Jose's
father Francisco Alejandro Mercado.
Matrilineal Descent
Jose's mother’s side had a Japanese lineage. A
recent study revealed that his mother's origin was from
Rajah Lakandula.
Eugenio Ursua
• A descendant of Japanese settlers
• Was married to Benigna Ochoa and had four
children named Luseria, Regina, Diega, and Jose.
Regina Ochoa Ursua
• Was married to Manuel de Quintos
• Had children named Joaquina, Jose Soler, Maria
Victoria, and Brigida.
Brigida Ursua de Quintos
• Born in 1790; died in 1856
• She was married to Lorenzo Alberto Alonso and
had five children named Teodora
(Mother of Rizal), Narcisa, Gregorio, Manuel,
and Jose.
1.7 Childhood
• They lived in shore of lake Laguna and in the foot
of Mt. Makiling.
• 1876, when he was fifteen years old, he wrote a
poem, Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of
My Town).
• At 8 y/o – he wrote his first poem “Ang Aking
Kabata”/ To My Fellow Children
3 UNCLES WHO INFLUENCED RIZAL:
• GREGORIO – to read
• JOSE ALBERTO – develop artistic abilities
• MANUEL – to develop his frail body
CHAPTER 2: EDUCATION
First Teacher
• Rizal was first schooled in their home by his
mother, Doña Teodora,
• She devotedly taught him the alphabet and the
prayers
• Rizal’s Favorite story: The Story of the Moth
Private Tutor
• First Tutor: Maestro Celestino
• Second Tutor: Maestro Lucas Padula
• Third Tutor: Leon Monroy (Don Francisco hired
his former classmate)
• Monroy was a stay-in tutor at the Rizal's home but
not for long because he died five months later.
After his death, Rizal was sent to a private school
in Biñan.
First Formal Schooling Binan, Laguna (1870-1871)
• Rizal left Calamba for Biñan in June 1870,
accompanied by his brother Paciano.
• Maestro Justaniano Aquino Cruz - teacher
• Juancho – an old painter who lives near the
school and was the father-in-law of his teacher
• Jose and his classmate, Jose Guevarra, who also
loved painting, became apprentices of the old
painter and "the favorite painters of the class."
• His education in Biñan was concentrated on
learning the four R's Reading, Writing,
Arithmetic, and Religion.
• Rizal surpassed all his classmates in Spanish,
Latin, and other subjects and was the best student
in class
• He left Biñan with a heavy heart on the 17th of
December 1870
The Imprisonment of Teodora
• The wife of Jose Alberto connived with a Spanish
Lieutenant of the Guardia Civil fabricating stories
that her husband tried to poison her with Doña
Teodora helping him to do so.
• Doña Teodora was arrested and was imprisoned
there for two years and a half.
The Death of Gomburza
• On the night of January 20, 1872, about 200
Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite
arsenal under the leadership of Lamadrid,
Filipino sergeant, rose in violent mutiny because
of the following reason:
o by the abolition of the usual privileges of
the soldiers and workers
o not being exempted from tribute and
forced labor, called Polo
• This incident was used by the Spanish authorities
to give an order to liquidate Fathers Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora for
advocating the secularization movement to
Filipinize the Philippine parishes.
• On of February 17, 1872, by order of Governor
General Rafael de lzquierdo, the three priests
were executed through a garrote.
• Father Burgos was a friend and a teacher of
Paciano. He told the news to Jose and swore to
avenge the cruelties that his brother's friend and
the two priests had suffered.
• Later, Rizal wrote his second novel, El
Filibusterismo, that he dedicated to the three
priests.
Manila Experience (1872-1877)
• Paciano and Rizal went to Manila to have
entrance exam in College of San Juan de Letran
and went back to Calamba but his father wanted
him in Ateneo
• Four months after the martyrdom of GOM-BUR-
ZA and while his mother was still in prison, Jose
was sent to Manila to study at the Ateneo de
Municipal (Ateneo de Manila – present name), a
college under the management of Spanish Jesuits.
Ateneo de Municipal Experience
• As first, he was refused admittance in the said
school for two reasons: (1) he was already late
for registration and (2) he was so frail and sickly.
However due to the intervention of Manuel Xeres
Burgos (nephew of Fr. Burgos) he was finally
admitted.
• Jose enrolled at Ateneo under the surname
"Rizal" because their family name Mercado had
been under suspicion of the Spanish authorities.
• Jesuit System - The system was more advanced
than other schools during that time.
The students were divided into two groups:
1. Roman Empire - consisting of the internos
(boarders)
 2. Carthaginian Empire - consisting of the
externos (non-boarders)
The best student in each group was called the
emperor.
1st Year
• First Professor: Fr. Jose Bech
• After the first week, he progressed rapidly topped
the class and became the emperor. At the end of
the first month, he won first prize, a religious
picture.
• To improve his knowledge and fluency in, he
took private Spanish lessons during recess time at
the Santa Isabel College
2nd Year
• Became Emperor (brightest student in Spanish
time)
• Received excellent grades in all subjects and gold
medals
• Loved reading romantic novels
• Favorite Novel: "The Count of Monte Cristo"
by Alexander Dumas
3rd Year
• His Mother is out in jail
• Received a gold medal in Latin
4th Year
• Became intern of Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
• Received 5 medals at the end of the school term
5th Year
• Declared as the PRIDE OF THE JESUIT.
• Graduated at 16 y/o with highest honors with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts (equivalent to only
high school during the Spanish time)
----
• After graduation, he experienced his first
romance and met Segunda Katigbak.
• Segunda Katigbak – a college student at La
Concordia & close friend of his sister. It was love
at first sight for them but unfortunately, she was
town already engaged to her town mate, Manuel
Luz.
University of Santo Tomas Experience
• In April 1877 Paciano to accompanied his Rizal
to enroll in Manila. He enrolled Philosophy and
Letters in the University of Santo Tomas
• While studying in UST he also enrolled in the
vocational course - perito agrimensor (expert in
surveying) at Ateneo.
• The Ateneo Rector advised him to take medicine
and decided to take up medical course in UST.
• He continued his studies in the surveying course
with excellent grades in all subjects and passed
the board examination for surveyors but was not
granted the title because he was under age.
• In 1879, his junior year in UST he met Leonor
Rivera student of La Concordia College. Jose
and Leonor sprang a beautiful romance which
they kept from their parents and friends.
• He wrote “A la Juventud Filipina," a prize-
winning poem with flawless form and exquisite
verses. First Poem written in Spanish.
• "Junta al Pasig" (Beside the Pasig) – Zarzuela
• “A Filipina” – Sonnet
• Shortly after finishing fourth year of his medical
course, Rizal decided to continue his studies in
Spain.
CHAPTER 3: JOSE RIZAL’S TRAVELS
First Travel Abroad (1882-1887)
• He left the country and flew to Spain to continue
his studies.
• Paciano and his two sisters and friends were the
only person who knew about his departure.
• JUNE 16, 1882, arrived in Barcelona, Spain
• Las Ramblas - famous street in central Barcelona
• Diariong Tagalog - first bilingual newspaper
owned by Basilio Teodoro Moran of Manila
• After his stay in Barcelona, he moved to Madrid
in 1882 to study at the Unibersidad Central de
Madrid (Central University of Madrid).
• In September 1882, he continued his Medicine
and Philosophy and Letters
• Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine
Circle) - an association of Spaniards and Filipinos
• In March 1883, Jose Rizal joined the Masonic
lodge in Madrid called Acacia.
• On November 15, 1890, awarded the diploma in
Master Mason
• On June 21, 1884, completed his studies with
excellent ratings but wasn’t able to receive a
diploma since he did not present his thesis or paid
the corresponding fees
• Upon completion of his studies, he went to Paris
and Germany to specialize in ophthalmology.
• November 1885 - February 1886 - served as an
assistant of Dr. Louis de Wecker
• He worked at the University Eye Hospital as an
assistant of Dr. Otto Becker in Germany
• In Berlin, he worked as an assistant in the clinic
of Dr. Schweigger, a German Ophthalmologist.
Noli Me Tangere
• In March 21 1887, Noli Me Tangere "touch me
not" was published in Berlin. His first novel was
realized because of his friend Maximo Viola who
loaned him a certain amount of money for the
publication of his novel.
• The novel was inspired by his reading of Harriet
Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin".
• "Elias and Salome" – deleted chapter
• Rizal dedicated his Noli Me Tangere to the
Philippines – “To My Fatherland.”
Arrival in Manila (First Homecoming)
• He returned on August 1887
• Rizal was invited by Governor General Emilio
Terrero in Malacañang to explain to him about
his novel.
 • Terrero assigned him a body guard named, Jose
Taviel de Andrade because his life is in danger
• The Governor General to eliminate Rizal but
instead advised him to leave the country for his
life was in danger.
Second Travel Abroad (1888-1892)
• He left the country on February 22, 1888 and
went to Japan
• In his brief visit in Tokyo, he met Seiko Usui (O-
Sei-San). He introduced himself and eventually
became good friends
• After his journey in Japan, he decided to visit
United States of America on April 13, 1888
where he met Tetcho Suehiro, a Japanese writer.
He served as his companion throughout their
voyage to San Francisco until their arrival in
London on December 1, 1888
• He arrived in San Francisco on April 28, 1888 but
they were not allowed to disembark due to the
Cholera Outbreak until they were allowed to land
on May 4, 1888.
• He visited in London. Devoted his time by
annotating the book of Dr. Morga. The annotation
of JRizal on Dr. Morga's book was later published
in Paris on 1890
• His brother-in-law, Manuel R. Hidalgo was
deported in the town of Tagbilaran, Bohol in the
Visayas because allegedly, he was representative
of Jose Rizal and was spreading anti-religious and
impious ideas
• On June 2, 1890. Saturnina's husband Manuel
was deported again, and worse, was arrested
• Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce -
forerunners of the propaganda movement in
Spain
La Solidaridad
• An association established to unite the Filipinos
in Europe in their quest for reforms in the
Philippines
• President: Galicano Apacible
• Vice Presient – Graciano Lopez Jaena
• Secretary: Manel Sta. Maria
• Treasurer: Mariano Ponce
• Accontant: Jose Maria Panganiban
• Honorary President: Jose Rizal
• La Solidaridad publication was led by Graciano
Lopez Jaena
El Filibusterismo
• Rizal’s second novel
• Jose Maria & Rodriguez Arias lend him money to
publish the novel but still not enough
• Rizal moved to Ghent, and finally the El
Filibusterismo was published in Ghent on
September 18, 1891.
• The EI Filibusterismo was sequel of the Noli Me
Tangere where Jose Rival dedicated it to the
martyrs of the Cavite Mutiny (GOMBURZA)
Arrival in Manila (Second Homecoming)
• Before his scheduled departure, Jose Rizal wrote
two letters, one was for his family and the other
was to his fellow Filipinos both dated June 20,
1892 and entrusted it to Lorenzo Marques and
told him to open the letter only after his death.
• On June 26, 1892, Jose and Lucia arrived to
Manila at 12:00nn
La Liga Filipina
• Rizal called a meeting at the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco in Tondo to create an organization
where he called La Liga Filipina
CHAPTER 4: EXILE
• The Governor General placed Jose Rizal under
arrest. Despite of his explanation that the leaflets
entitled "Pobres Frailes" (Poor Friars) found in
his baggage wasn’t his. The Governor General
did not believe him and told his nephew Ramon
Despujol to accompany in Fort Santiago
• After he was placed under arrest, the Decree of
Deportation was immediately published on July
7, 1892 at Gaceta de Manila.
• Upon the publication of the Decree of
Deportation, Jose Rizal was not yet exiled but
was temporarily detained in Fort Santiago
• On July 14, 1892 when Jose Rizal was scheduled
to leave Fort Santiago and boarded a ferryboat
bound to Dapitan and arrive on July 17, 1892
• Rizal decided to stay at the house of Ricardo
Carnicero where he was told to oversee his
activities daily
• On August 28, 1893, he heard the death of his
beloved Leonor Rivera. He was in despair and
very lonely but it was very timely when he met
Josephine Bracken.
-----
• Rizal, he had been in Dapitan for "four years,
thirteen days, and few odd hour".
• Rizal left Dapitan at midnight on July 31, 1896
and arrived in Manila on August 6, 1896
• On August 30, 1896, Governor General Blanco
gave Jose Rizal three letters. Two of these letters
were from Ministers of War and of the Colonies
and the other for him.
• September 3, 1896 Rizal left Manila to Cuba
• On September 30, 1896, the Captain of the ship
came to Rizal and informed him that he would be
confined to his cabin since he received a
telegraphic order for his arrest and detention.
• He arrived in Barcelona on October 3, 1894
• October 6, Rizal left Barcelona for Manila.
CHAPTER 5: TRIAL AND EXECUTION
• On November 3, 1896, Rizal arrived in Manila.
He came back as a prisoner
• Col. Francisco Olive, requested Gov. General
Blanco to immediately order the return of Jose
Rizal for he accused him of organizing the
 insurrection against the Spanish authorities in
Manila
• On November 30, he summoned Jose Rizal to
appear before him for an initial investigation of
his case.
• Nicolas Peña decreed that Rizal be assisted by an
officer as a counsel. Jose Rizal chose Lt. Luis
Taviel de Andrade.
• Finally, on December 11, the charges were
formally read to lose Rizal. These were rebellion,
sedition, and illegal association Jose Rizal,
pleaded not guilty
• On December 17, 1896, Peña endorsed that the
case of Jose Rizal was ready for trial.
• On December 26, a court martial with 7 members
was convened at the Cartel de España,
• The military tribunal consisted of:
President: Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona,
Members: Capt. Ricardo Muñoz Arias, Capt.
Manuel Reguera, Capt. Santiago lzquierdo
Osorio, Capt. Manel Diaz Escribano, Capt.
Fernin Perez Rodriguez, and Capt. Braulio
Rodriguez Nuñez.
• After the defense of Jose Rizal, the case was
submitted to the court for resolution but Rizal's
case had already been prejudged, the decision
was affirmative.
• The military court found Rizal guilty of the crime
charged and was sentence to die.
• Peña approved the sentence of Jose Rizal on
December 28. He ordered that the convict be
executed through a firing squad in the morning of
December 30, 1896.
• On December 29, Rizal wrote two letters, one was
for his brother Paciano and the other for his
family.
The Execution
• Before his execution, he wrote his last words to
his parents. It was written at 6 o'clock in the
morning of December 30, 1896
• At 6:30 in the morning, the artillery of soldiers
was ready to escort Jose Rizal and was tied elbow
to elbow.
• The place of execution was crowded with people,
many of whom were Spaniards wanting to see
Jose Rizal die.
• His last request was to face the firing squad but
was not considered by the Captain of the artillery.
• Rizal was hit in body and died at about 7:30 am
• Many Spaniards present at the execution shouted
"Long Live Spain" and "Death to traitors."