MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF

ELECTRIC CURRENT
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
• ELECTRIC CURRENT CAN PRODUCE MAGNETIC EFFECT (
RECALL HEATING EFFECT BY ELECTRIC CURRENT)
• A CURRENT CARRYING WIRE BEHAVES LIKE A MAGNET
AND PRODUCES MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND IT
• MAGNETIC FIELD EXISTS ON ALL POINTS AROUND THE
CURRENT CARRYING WIRE
 MAGNETISM
• MAGNETIC MATERIALS WHEN
KEPT IN MAGNETIC FIELD FOR
LONG TIME BEHAVE LIKE A
MAGNET
• POLES ARE REGION WHERE THE
POWER OF THE MAGNET TO
ATTRACT IS MAXIMUM
• POLES OF A MAGNET POINTING
GEOGRAPHICAL NORTH
DIRECTION- NORTH POLE,
GEOGRAPHICAL SOUTH – SOUTH
POLE
 MAGNETIC COMPASS
• A NAVIGATIONAL INSTRUMENT
ALWAYS ALIGNS IN NORTH SOUTH
DIRECTION
• NEEDLE OF THE COMPASS WILL
SHOW A DEFLECTION WHENEVER
IT IS KEPT IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
• SINCE COMPASS NEEDLE IS MADE
UP OF A MAGNETIC MATERIAL , IT
IS A SMALL BAR MAGNET
 MAGNETIC FIELD AND
MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
• THE REGION AROUND A
MAGNET IN WHICH THE FORCE
OF THE MAGNET CAN BE
DETECTED IS CALLED
MAGNETIC FIELD
• THE PATTERN OF SOME LINES
REPRESENTING THE
MAGNETIC FIELD OF A
MAGNET IS CALLED MAGNETIC
FIELD LINES.
 MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
USING BARMAGNET AND
• COMPASS
ORGINATE FROM NORTH POLE AND MERGE AT SOUTH POLE.
• INSIDE THE MAGNET IT IS FROM SOUTH TO NORTH
• THE FIELD LINES ARE CLOSED CURVES
• IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE
• THE DEGREE OF THE CLOSENESS OF THE LINES DENOTES THE STRENGTH OF THE MAGNETIC
FIELD AT THAT PLACE.
• IT HAS BOTH DIRECTION AND MAGNITUDE
• THE DEGREE OF CLOSENESS OF THE LINES DECREASES AS IT MOVES AWAY FROM THE MAGNETIC
FIELD ( WEAK MAGNETIC FIELD)
• NO TWO FIELD LINES WILL CROSS EACH OTHER, SINCE A MAGNETIC FIELD CANNOT HAVE TWO
DIRECTIONS AT ANY POINT.
MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
 MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A
CURRENT CARRYING
CONDUTOR
• WHEN WE CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
IN A CIRCUIT , THE DIRECTION OF MAGNETIC FIELD
PRODUCED BY IT ALSO REVERSED.
MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT
THROUGH A STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR
• IF THE CURRENT THROUGH THE CONDUTOR INCREASES , THE
DEFLECTION ALSO INCREASES. ie MAGNETIC FIELD ALSO
INCREASES
• MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED BY A GIVEN CURRENT IN THE
CONDUCTOR DECREASES AS THE DISTANCES FROM THE
CONDUCTOR INCREASES
• CONCENTRIC CIRCLES BECOME LARGER AND LARGER AS IT MOVES
AWAY FROM THE CONDUCTOR
• WHEN THE DIRECTION OF CURRENT IS CHANGED DIRECTION OF
MAGNETIC FIELD IS ALSO REVERSED
 MAXWELL’S RIGHT HAND THUMB
RULE (CORK SCREW• CURRENT
RULE) IN DOWNWARD DIRECTION
• MAGNETIC FIELD CLOCKWISE
• CURRENT IN UPWARD DIRECTION
• MAGNETIC FIELD ANTI CLOCKWISE
MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT
IN A CIRCULAR LOOP
• DISTANCE OF CONCENTRIC CIRCLES AND INTENSITY OF
MAGNETIC FIELD IS SAME AS THAT OF STRAIGHT
CONDUCTOR
• SINCE MAGNETIC FIELD IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE
INTENSITY OF ELECTRIC CURRENT , ‘n’ TURNS OF CIRCULAR
COILS PRODUCES ‘n’ TIMES LARGER MAGNETIC FIELD
• AT THE CENTRE OF THE CIRCULAR LOOP CONCENTRIC
CIRCLES BECOME STRAIGHT LINES
 Direction of magnetic field through a circular
loop
USE RIGHT HAND THUMB RULE
MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT
IN A SOLENOID
PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC FIELD IN A
SOLENOID
• MAGNETIC FIELD WILL BE SAME AS THAT OF FIELD LINES IN A
BAR MAGNET
• STRENGTH OF MAGNETIC FIELD INCREASES AS WE INCREASE
THE NUMBER OF TURNS OF THE SOLENOID
• M.F INCREASES AS THE INTENSITY OF THE CURRENT ALSO
INCREASES
• M.F DEPENDS ON THE NATURE OF THE CORE MATERIAL USED
TO MAKE THE SOLENOID
 POLARITY OF A SOLENOID
• INSIDE THE SOLENOID THE DIRECTION OF MAGNETIC FIELD
IS FROM SOUTH TO NORTH AND THEY ARE PARALLEL
STRAIGHT LINES
• MAGNETIC FIELD IS SAME AT ALL POINTS INSIDE A SOLENOID
 ELECTROMAGNET
• WHEN WE KEEP A SOFT IRON CORE INSIDE A CURRENT
CARRYING SOLENOID IT BEHAVES LIKE A MAGNET. THE
MAGNET THUS MADE ARE CALLED ELECTROMAGNETS
• MAGNETIC FIELD DISSAPPERS AS SOON AS THE ELECTRIC
CURRENT STOPS ie ELECROMAGNETS ARE TEMPORARY
MAGNETS
 FACTORS AFFECTING THE STRENGTH
OF AN ELECTROMAGNET
•
 USES OF ELECTROMAGNET

• LIFTING HEAVY IRON CONTAINERS

• ELECTRIC DOOR BELLS
• JUNK YARDS TO SEPARATE IRON MATERIALS
• ELECTRIC GENERATORS AND ELECTRIC MOTOR
• LOUDSPEAKERS, TELEVISION RECEIVERS ETC
MAGNETISM AND MEDICAL SCIENCE

•CHARGED IONS ARE PRODUCED DUE TO CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN BODY

•CHARGED IONS CREATE VERY WEAK MAGNETIC FIELD INSIDE THE BODY

•MAGNETIC FIELD IS USED TO TAKE MAGNETIC IMAGES OF THE BODY

•MRI SCAN (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING)
FORCE ON A CURRENT CARRYING
CONDUCTOR
 FORCE ON A CURRENT CARRYING
CONDUCTOR KEPT IN A MAGNETIC
FIELD
• FORCE IS EXERTED ON A CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR WHEN
IT IS KEPT IN MAGNETIC FIELD
• DIRECTION OF FORCE IS REVERSED WHEN THE DIRECTION OF
CURRENT IS REVERSED
• DIRECTION OF FORCE IS REVERSED WHEN THE DIRECTION OF
MAGNETIC FIELD IS REVERSED
• MAGNITUDE OF FORCE WILL BE HIGHER WHEN THE DIRECTION
OF CURRENT IS AT RIGHT ANGLES WITH THE DIRECTION OF
MAGNETIC FIELD
FLEMINGS LEFT HAND RULE
 FACTOTRS AFFECTING THE FORCE
OF CONDUCTOR
•