Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
Q.2 Revision Worksheet
Short Answer
1. How does the theory of field forces explain how
objects could exert forces on each other without
touching?
2. The newton is the SI unit of what physical
quantity?
3. The amount of force equal to 1 kgm/s 2 defines
what SI unit?
4. What is the abbreviation of the unit newton?
5. Briefly describe how applying the brakes to stop a
bicycle is an example of force.
6. How are force vectors represented in force
diagrams?
7. In a free-body diagram of an object, why are forces
exerted by the object not included in the diagram?
8. The length of the force vector is proportional to
what property of a force?
9. Why is force not a scalar quantity?
10. Construct a free-body diagram of a car being
towed.
11. State Newton’s first law of motion.
12. What happens to an object in motion when it
experiences a nonzero net external force?
13. What is the natural tendency of an object that is in
motion?
14. What term is used to describe the vector sum of all
the forces acting on an object?
1
ID: A
15. If two teams playing tug-of-war pull on a rope with
equal but opposite forces, what is the net external
force on the rope?
16. Describe the forces acting on a car as it moves
along a level highway in still air at a constant
speed.
17. For an object to be in equilibrium, the net force
acting on the object must have what value?
18. In the equation form of Newton’s second law, F =
ma, what does F represent?
19. If Fnet = Fg, what is the magnitude and direction of
the acceleration of the object? Assume that the
object is on Earth’s surface.
20. In the equation Fnet = ma, what is the direction of
the acceleration?
21. Why does it require much less force to accelerate a
low-mass object than it does to accelerate a
high-mass object the same amount?
22. A block of wood supported by two concrete blocks
is chopped in half by a karate instructor. Identify an
action-reaction pair, and compare the forces
exerted by each object.
23. Do action-reaction pairs result in equilibrium?
Explain.
24. When a horse pulls on a cart, the cart pulls on the
horse with an equal but opposite force. How is the
horse able to pull the cart?
25. How do mass and weight vary with altitude?
26. Distinguish between mass and weight.
Name: ________________________
27. In what direction does the force of air resistance
act?
28. What happens to air resistance when an object
accelerates?
29. When a car is moving, what happens to the velocity
and acceleration of the car if the air resistance
becomes equal to the force acting in the opposite
direction?
30. Why is air resistance considered a form of friction?
31. When a falling object reaches terminal speed
(where the acceleration on the object is zero), what
is the relationship between FR, the force of air
resistance on the object, and Fg?
32. How does the force of static friction on a crate you
cannot budge compare to the force you exert on it?
Assume that the crate is on a flat surface.
33. How does the coefficient of static friction for two
surfaces in contact compare to the coefficient of
kinetic friction for the same two surfaces?
34. In this text, what does the symbol  k represent?
Choose the best answer from the options that
follow each question.
35. Sequence the steps in drawing a free-body diagram.
36. A draft horse exerts a horizontal force of 600 N
dragging a log, on which the force of friction is 500
N. The force due to gravity on the log is 700 N and
the ground exerts an upward force of 700 N on it.
Draw a free-body diagram of the log.
37. While sitting in a lounge chair with the back
inclined at an angle of 10° from the vertical, you
tuck a pillow between your head and the chair.
Then you lower the chair back to 40° and doze with
the pillow in place. How has the net force on the
pillow changed?
2
ID: A
38. A rigid rod holds a restaurant sign horizontally
from the side of a building. The force due to
gravity acting on the sign is 165 N with the angle
between the sign and the rod being 50.0°. Ignoring
the weight of the rod, what is the magnitude of the
tension in the rod?
39. Explain how action-reaction pairs keep a book
sitting on a table in equilibrium.
40. A child tugs on a rope attached to a 0.62-kg toy
with a horizontal force of 16.3 N. A puppy pulls
the toy in the opposite direction with a force 15.8
N. What is the acceleration of the toy?
41. Only under what conditions is static friction greater
than kinetic friction?
42. While deciding where to drive a supporting nail,
you are pressing a 18-N picture frame against the
wall to keep it from falling. What is the minimum
force perpendicular to the wall that you must exert
on the frame to keep it stationary? The coefficient
of kinetic friction for the two surfaces in contact is
0.42.
43. In a free-body diagram of an object, why are forces
exerted by the object not included in the diagram?
44. State Newton’s first law of motion.
45. In the equation form of Newton’s second law,  F =
ma, what does  F represent?
46. What happens to air resistance when an object
accelerates?
47. Describe how applying the brakes to stop a bicycle
is an example of force.
48. Why is force not a scalar quantity?
49. Construct a free-body diagram of a car being
towed.
50. What is the natural tendency of an object that is in
motion?
Name: ________________________
51. Describe the forces acting on a car as it moves
along a level highway in still air at a constant
speed.
52. Distinguish between mass and weight.
53. When a car is moving, what happens to the velocity
and acceleration of the car if the air resistance
becomes equal to the force acting in the opposite
direction?
54. Why is air resistance considered a form of friction?
55. A sled is pulled at a constant velocity across a
horizontal snow surface.
If a force of 8.0  101 N is being applied to the sled
rope at an angle of 53 to the ground, what is the
magnitude of the force of friction of the snow
acting on the sled?
56. A farmhand attaches a 25-kg bale of hay to one end
of a rope passing over a frictionless pulley
connected to a beam in the hay barn. Another
farmhand then pulls down on the opposite end of
the rope with a force of 277 N. Ignoring the mass
of the rope, what will be the magnitude and
direction of the bale’s acceleration if the
gravitational force acting on it is 245 N?
Problem
1. In a game of tug-of-war, a rope is pulled by a force
of 182 N to the right and by a force of 108 N to the
left. What is the magnitude and direction of the net
horizontal force on the rope?
2. Two ice-hockey players simultaneously strike a
puck with their sticks. The stick of one player
exerts an eastward force on the puck of 15 N. The
other player’s stick exerts a northward force of 11
N on the puck. Assuming that there is no frictional
force between the puck and the ice, what is the
magnitude of the net horizontal force on the puck?
3
ID: A
57. A three-tiered birthday cake rests on a table. From
bottom to top, the cake tiers weigh 16 N, 9 N, and 5
N, respectively. What is the magnitude and
direction of the normal force acting on the
second-tier?
58. A couch with a mass of 1.00  102 kg is placed on
an adjustable ramp connected to a truck. As one
end of the ramp is raised, the couch begins to move
downward. If the couch slides down the ramp with
an acceleration of 0.70 m/s2 when the ramp angle is
25.0, what is the coefficient of kinetic friction
between the ramp and the couch? (g = 9.81 m/s2)
59. Describe the primary force or forces involved when
a car executes a turn. Explain why passengers tend
to lean or slide toward the outside of the turn.
60. A 1.3  103 kg car traveling with a speed of 2.5 m/s
executes a turn with a 7.5 m radius of curvature.
Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the car and
the centripetal force acting on the car.
3. A package of meteorological instruments is held
aloft by a balloon that exerts an upward force of
511 N on the package. The gravitational force
acting on the package is 312 N. What is the
magnitude and direction of the force that a scientist
must exert on a rope attached to the package to
keep it from rising?
4. A sled is pulled at a constant velocity across a
horizontal snow surface. If a force of 4.0  10 1 N is
being applied to the sled rope at an angle of 11 to
the ground, what is the magnitude of the force of
friction of the snow acting on the sled?
Name: ________________________
5. A trapeze artist on a rope is momentarily held to
one side by a partner on a platform The rope makes
an angle of 26.0 with the vertical. Insuch a
condition of static equilibrium, what is the
magnitude of the horizontal force being applied by
the partner? The weight of the artist is 7.61  10 2
N.
6. A wagon having a mass of 91 kg is accelerated
across a level road at 0.97 m/s 2 . What net force
acts on the wagon horizontally?
7. A farmhand attaches a 27 kg bale of hay to one end
of a rope passing over a frictionless pulley
connected to a beam in the hay barn. Another
farmhand then pulls down on the opposite end of
the rope with a force of 397 N. Ignoring the mass
of the rope, what will be the magnitude and
direction of the bale’s acceleration if the
gravitational force acting on it is 265 N?
8. A warehouse worker pulls on the handles of a 83.0
kg cart with a net force of 111 N an angle of 53.0
above the horizontal. Attached to the cart is a
second cart having a mass of 55.0 kg. What is the
magnitude of the horizontal acceleration of the less
massive cart?
9. A sailboat with a mass of 2.1  10 3 kg experiences
an ocean current force of 3.45  10 3 N directed to
the east and a wind force against its sails with a
magnitude of 6.53  10 3 N directed toward the
northwest (45.0 N of W). What is the magnitude
of the resultant acceleration of the boat?
10. An elevator weighing 2.58  10 5 N is supported by
a steel cable. What is the tension in the cable when
the elevator is accelerated upward at a rate of 3.33
m/s 2 ? (g = 9.81 m/s 2 )
11. Basking in the sun, a 1.97 kg lizard lies on a flat
rock tilted at an angle of 15.9 with respect to the
horizontal. What is the magnitude of the normal
force exerted by the rock on the lizard?
4
ID: A
12. A three-tiered birthday cake rests on a table. From
bottom to top, the cake tiers weigh 15 N, 8 N, and 6
N, respectively. What is the magnitude and
direction of the normal force acting on the base of
the second tier?
13. A stagehand starts sliding a large piece of stage
scenery originally at rest by pulling it horizontally
with a force of 177 N. What is the coefficient of
static friction between the stage floor and the 230
N piece of scenery?
14. A row of five 1.2 N wooden blocks is being pushed
across a tabletop at a constant speed by a toy
tractor that exerts a force of 1.7 N on the row.
What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between
the wooden blocks and the tabletop?
15. A waitperson pushes the bottom of a glass tumbler
full of water across a tabletop at constant speed.
The tumbler and its contents have a mass of 0.86
kg, and the coefficient of kinetic friction for the
surfaces in contact is 0.46. What force does the
waitperson exert on the glass? g = 9.81 m/s 2 )
16. A rope attached to an engine pulls a 240 N crate up
an 14.7° ramp at constant speed. The coefficient of
kinetic friction for the surfaces of the crate and
ramp is 0.32. What is the magnitude of the force
that the rope exerts on the crate parallel to the
ramp? (g = 9.81 m/s 2 )
17. A couch with a mass of 1.00  10 2 kg is placed on
an adjustable ramp connected to a truck. As one
end of the ramp is raised, the couch begins to move
downward. If the couch slides down the ramp with
an acceleration of 0.79 m/s 2 when the ramp angle
is 12.0, what is the coefficient of kinetic friction
between the ramp and the couch? (g = 9.81 m/s 2 )
18. An Olympic skier moving at 19.0 m/s down a 26.0
slope encounters a region of wet snow and slides
136 m before coming to a halt. What is the
coefficient of friction between the skis and the
snow? (g = 9.81 m/s2)
Name: ________________________
19. The tangential speed at the outer rim of a Ferris
wheel is 10 m/s. What is the tangential speed of a
position half way from the center to the outer rim?
20. You sit at the outer rim of a Ferris wheel that
rotates at 2 revolutions per minute (RPM). What
would your rotational speed be if you were instead
clinging to a position halfway from the center to
the outer rim?
21. A vertical pole standing against a wall topples to
the ground and the center of the pole has a speed of
13 m/s as it hits. With what speed does the far end
of the pole hit the ground?
22. Tapered rims on railroad-train wheels enable a
train to round curves without any wheel skidding.
Consider a curve where the outer track is one part
in 50 longer than the inner track. The wide part of
the rim should have a diameter wider than the
narrow part by at least one part in
23. At the outer edge of a rotating space habitat, 130 m
from its center, the rotational acceleration is g.
What is the rotational acceleration at a distance of
65 m from the center of the habitat?
24. How much (in newtons) does a 10.0-kg bag of
grass seed weigh?
25. A person weighs 650 N. What is the mass of the
person?
26. How much (in newtons) does 0.60 kg of salami
weigh?
1
27. On the moon, the acceleration due to gravity is 6
that on Earth. What would be the weight of 0.9 kg
of bologna on the moon?
28. On the surface of Jupiter, the acceleration due to
gravity is about 3 times that on Earth. How much
would a 0.40-kg rock weigh on Jupiter?
29. On the surface of Jupiter, the acceleration due to
gravity is about 3 times that of Earth. What would
be the mass of a 170-kg rock on Jupiter?
5
ID: A
30. You push with 10.0 N on a 5.0-kg block and there
are no opposing forces. How fast will the block
accelerate?
31. You push with 27 N on a 10-kg chest, and there is a
7-N force of friction. How fast will the chest
accelerate?
32. A 400,000-kg airplane in takeoff uses the 40,000 N
thrust of each one of its four engines. What is the
acceleration of the plane during takeoff?
33. An unbalanced force of 30 N gives an object an
acceleration of 6.0 m/s2. What force would be
needed to give it an acceleration of 1.0 m/s 2?
34. A certain unbalanced force gives a 20-kg object an
acceleration of 2.0 m/s2. What acceleration would
the same force give a 30-kg object?
35. A net force of 1.0 N acts on a 4.0-kg object,
initially at rest, for 4.0 seconds. What is the
distance the object moves during that time?
36. When air resistance on a falling skydiver builds up
to 0.3 the weight of the skydiver, what is the
acceleration of the skydiver?
37. Suppose that you exert 300 N horizontally on a
50-kg crate on a factory floor, where friction
between the crate and the floor is 100 N. What is
the acceleration of the crate?
38. A 20-kg block of cement is pulled upward (not
sideways!) with a force of 400 N. What is the
acceleration of the block?
39. Bronco the skydiver, whose mass is 80 kg
experiences 200 N of air resistance. What is the
acceleration of his fall?
40. If you push off the ground with a force of 350 N
when you jump upward, what force pushes Earth
downward?
Name: ________________________
41. A pair of blocks, one 2 times as massive as the
other, are connected by a compressed spring. When
the spring is released, the blocks fly apart.
Compared to the heavier block, how many times as
fast does the lighter block accelerate?
42. Two people have a tug-of-war on low-friction ice.
One person has 2 times the mass of the other.
Compared to the lighter person, how many times as
fast does the heavier person accelerate?
43. A 60-kg person on in-line skates pushes against a
wall with a force of 30 N and recoils. What
acceleration does that person experience?
44. A fighter punches a sheet of paper in midair, and
brings it from rest up to a speed of 40 m/s in 0.08 s.
What is the force of impact on the paper if the mass
of the paper is 0.01 kg?
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. A straight line about which rotation takes place is
called an axis.
2. The rotational speed of a wheel is defined as the
number of rotations it makes in a unit of time.
3. Any force that causes an object to move in a
circular path is called a centripetal force.
4. It is possible to rotate a very large cylindrical space
habitat around its central axis at just the right speed
so people living inside the cylinder will experience
a force that feels like gravity.
5. The only reason riders on a rotating platform in a
carnival ride don't fall out is because they are
strapped in.
6. A bug on a turning phonograph record will make
more turns per minute if it is located toward the
center of the record.
6
ID: A
45. What engine thrust (in newtons) is required for a
rocket of mass 35 kg to leave the launching pad?
46. In a game of tug-of-war, a rope is pulled by a force
of 75 N to the left and by a force of 102 N to the
right. What is the magnitude and direction of the
net horizontal force on the rope?
47. A wagon having a mass of 32 kg is accelerated
across a level road at 0.50 m/s2. What net force acts
on the wagon horizontally?
48. Basking in the sun, a 1.10-kg lizard lies on a flat
rock tilted at an angle of 15.0 with respect to the
horizontal. What is the magnitude of the normal
force exerted by the rock on the lizard?
7. When you whirl a can on the end of a string, the
centripetal force on the can is actually the pull of
the string on the can.
8. Ladybugs on the inside of a spinning bicycle tire
can experience a force that feels like gravity to
them.
9. When an object turns about an external axis, the
motion is called rotation.
10. The name of the astronomer who first publicly
stated that Earth revolves around the sun is Galileo.
11. Friction refers to the force between two surfaces
that are sliding past each other.
12. A force can be simply defined as a push or a pull.
13. Inertia is the property that every material object
has; inertia resists changes in an object's state of
motion.
Name: ________________________
14. If a hockey puck were to slide on a perfectly
frictionless surface, it will eventually slow down
because of its inertia.
15. If you were to slide a hockey puck across a
frictionless ice rink, there must be a horizontal
force on it to keep it in motion.
16. The amount of matter in an object is its weight.
17. The SI unit of mass is the newton.
18. The force due to gravity acting on an object is its
mass.
19. The SI unit of force is the kilogram.
20. An astronaut weighs the same on Earth as in space.
21. An astronaut has the same mass on Earth as in
space.
22. The reason a penny thrown straight up inside an
airplane will come back to your hand is that you,
the air inside the plane, and the penny are all
moving at the same horizontal velocity.
23. In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle divided motion
into two types: natural motion and violent motion.
24. The combination of all the forces that act on an
object is called the net force.
25. The acceleration of an object is inversely
proportional to the net force acting on it.
26. A steel ball and a wooden ball of the same diameter
are released together from the top of a tower. In the
absence of air resistance they both would reach the
ground at the same time. The reason for this is that
the force on each ball is the same.
7
ID: A
27. Excluding the force due to air pressure, there is
only one force acting on a book lying at rest on a
tabletop.
28. The net force on an objecting falling at terminal
velocity is zero.
29. A fluid can be either a liquid or a gas.
30. The pascal is a unit of force.
31. It is possible for an object in free fall to have zero
acceleration.
32. Pressure is defined as the force one object exerts on
another object.
33. The speed of an object dropped in air will continue
to increase without limit.
34. Whenever one object exerts a force on another
object, the second object always exerts a force back
on the first object.
35. A rocketship is pushed forward by gases that are
forced out the back of the ship.
36. In order to make a cart move forward, a horse must
pull harder on the cart than the cart pulls on the
horse.
37. A bicycle and a parked car have a head-on
collision. The force of impact is greater on the
bicycle.
38. If a train is pulling a caboose, the caboose will
move if the train exerts a force on the ground that is
greater than the force that the caboose exerts on the
train.
39. A given force exerted on a large mass produces a
greater acceleration than the same force exerted on
a small mass.
Name: ________________________ ID: A

Essay

1. Discuss the difference between linear speed and
rotational speed. Where does a ladybug sitting on a
rotating record have the greatest linear speed? The
greatest rotational speed? What kind of speed
would she have at the center?
3. A girl sits on the inside of the outer edge of a
rotating space habitat. What forces act on her?
Later she climbs an artificial mountain inside the
habitat and gets very close to the rotational axis.
How would her "weight" change on her climb?

2. Explain what a centripetal force is and give some

examples. Are centripetal forces real?

In this Performance Task, you will answer the following questions.

Yosemite National Park is one of America’s most famous national parks. Yosemite Valley is
one of the most popular regions within the park. Between 50 million and 10 million years ago,
this region looked much different. Over the course of millions of years, the landscape rose and
eventually glaciers carved out the recognizable topography we observe today.

4. The Sierra Nevada mountain range extends throughout central California. On the eastern side
of the Sierra Nevada mountains, the geography changes to desert. At the southern end of the
Sierra Nevada, this section of desert is known as Death Valley, and is the hottest place on
Earth. What are the two types of weathering that primarily shape deserts, and how do they do
so?

8
Name: ________________________ ID: A

5. On an unspecified planet, an astronaut drops a feather that is experiencing a force of –2.00 

10–3 N, causing it to free fall, as shown.

The feather weighs 0.300 g. What is the acceleration experienced by the feather? Show your
calculations.

9
Name: ________________________ ID: A

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

A resident lives in a high-rise apartment building in New York City. Their particular apartment is
relatively close to the ground floor, but they enjoy the extra exercise from taking the stairs. They
just got back from a long run around Central Park and are very tired. The resident decides that
today, they would rather take the elevator than the stairs.

6. The image shows a force diagram of the resident in the elevator.

If force arrow A is longer than force arrow B, what does this indicate about the direction of
movement of the resident? What about if force arrow B is longer than force arrow A? Explain
your reasoning by identifying the force(s) and direction of movement of the resident in both
scenarios.

10
Name: ________________________ ID: A

7. If the apparent weight of the resident is 885 N, what is the acceleration of the elevator?
Assume the elevator is moving to a lower floor. Is it slowing down or speeding up? Show
calculations in your response.

8. A cyclist with a mass of 80 kg is riding around a circular track with a radius of 100 m, and is
traveling at 6.5 m/s. What is the cyclist's centripetal acceleration?

9. Write a short paragraph about what the early
scientists from Aristotle to Galileo thought about
the nature of motion.
10. State the law of inertia in its full form and give
examples of how it works.
11. Write a short paragraph on the difference between
mass and weight. Give examples.

11
Name: ________________________ ID: A

12. Suppose you are on an airplane moving at high

speed. If you flip a coin straight up it will land in
your lap rather than a great distance behind you.
Explain.

13. Explain why the acceleration of two freely-falling

objects having different masses is the same. Is the
force on each mass the same?

14. What two things does the force of friction depend

on? In which direction does friction act? What
would happen if friction were to act in the same
direction as the motion?

15. Why is the teacher in Figure 5.8 unharmed? Is it

important that the cement block have a large mass?
Explain.

16. What is terminal speed? When a skydiver has

reached terminal speed, what is the air resistance
equal to? What is the skydiver's acceleration?

17. A force is a push or a pull. Newton's third law

further defines the meaning of force. Explain.

18. Apply Newton's third law to a falling boulder,

identifying the action and reaction forces. If a force
is exerted on Earth, why doesn't it move? Explain.

19. Explain how Newton's third law applies to a

cannon launching a cannonball. Which has the
larger acceleration, the cannonball or the cannon?
What if the cannonball were just as massive as the
cannon—how fast would the cannon move
compared to the cannonball?

20. Draw the horizontal forces acting on a horse

pulling a cart. Draw forces on the cart as well as on
the horse. In terms of these forces, explain why the
cart moves. Explain why the horse moves. Why
don't action-reaction forces cancel each other?

12