NurturHub- Final Report WITH STP

Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi – 590018
PROJECT REPORT ON
“ NURTURHUB: A SMART MATERNAL HEALTH MONITORING
DEVICE ”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & MACHINE LEARNING
Submitted by
KATE ANGELA JEANNE PEREIRA 4SO20AI027

PRAJWAL BANGERA 4SO20AI038
PRATHAM RAO 4SO20AI039
RIHAN DSA 4SO20AI043
Under the guidance of
Dr. Shreenath Acharya
HOD, Department of ICBS
DEPARTMENT OF INTELLIGENT COMPUTING & BUSINESS SYSTEMS

ST JOSEPH ENGINEERING COLLEGE
An Autonomous Institution
(Affiliated to VTU-Belagavi, Recognized by AICTE, NAAC Accredited)
Vamanjoor, Mangaluru-575028, Karnataka
2023-2024
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi – 590018
PROJECT REPORT ON
“ NURTURHUB: A SMART MATERNAL HEALTH MONITORING
DEVICE ”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & MACHINE LEARNING
Submitted by

Under the guidance of
Dr. Shreenath Acharya
HOD, Department of ICBS

Vamanjoor, Mangaluru-575028, Karnataka
2023-2024
Vamanjoor, Mangaluru-575028
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled “NURTURHUB: A SMART
MATERNAL HEALTH MONITORING DEVICE” carried out by

bonafide students of VIII semester (Artificial Intelligence & Machine

Learning) in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of
Engineering in Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning of the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2023-
2024. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal
Assessment have been incorporated in the report. The project report has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of
project work prescribed for the said degree.
Dr Shreenath Dr Shreenath Dr Rio

Acharya Acharya D’Souza
Project Guide HOD - ICBS Principal
External Viva
Name of the Examiner Signature with date
1
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We have immense pleasure and pride in expressing our heartfelt gratitude to our project
guide Dr. Shreenath Acharya, Head of the Department of Intelligent Computing and
Business Systems, whose guidance was indispensable and of vital importance behind
the success of our project.
We would like to extend our gratitude to our project coordinator Ms. Gayana MN
Assistant Professor, Department of Intelligent Computing and Business Systems, for
the encouragement in completing the project. With due respect, we thank our beloved
HOD, Dr. Shreenath Acharya, Department of Intelligent Computing and Business
Systems, for his coordination, suggestion and moral support on the course of our
project work.
We consider it our pleasure to extend our gratitude to our beloved principal Dr. Rio
D'Souza for providing us the facilities to carry out our project work. We express our
sincere appreciation to our esteemed Director, Rev. Fr. Wilfred Prakash D’Souza, for
his unwavering support in facilitating our project endeavors. His guidance and
provision of resources have been invaluable in ensuring the success of our initiatives.
We also extend our heartfelt thanks to our dedicated Assistant Director, Rev. Fr.
Kenneth Crasta, whose assistance and commitment have played a pivotal role in
enabling us to effectively execute our project work. Her dedication to our cause is
deeply appreciated.
We would like to thank our teaching and non-teaching staff for their support and
encouragement. Also a special thanks to our parents for providing us assistance,
constant support and encouragement throughout.
ABSTRACT
The Empowering Maternity project pioneers a transformative approach to pregnancy

care, integrating advanced technology to prioritize the holistic well-being of expectant
mothers. By harnessing wearable devices, AI algorithms, and community support, we
aim to redefine maternal care standards. Our mission is to empower every woman on
her unique journey to motherhood by offering personalized assistance and fostering a
supportive environment.
The prevalence of mental health issues among expectant mothers underscores the
critical need for effective monitoring solutions. The "Nurture Hub" represents a
significant leap forward by seamlessly integrating real-time stress detection with
empathetic community support. Through the convergence of cutting-edge sensors,
machine learning algorithms, and intuitive user interfaces, our project offers a holistic
solution to address the multifaceted challenges faced by pregnant women. This
innovative fusion of technology and emotional support marks a paradigm shift in
maternal care, promising improved well-being and outcomes.
Our methodology employs a comprehensive approach, encompassing meticulous

sensor data extraction, preprocessing, and model development. Through iterative
refinement and validation, we achieve exceptional accuracy in stress classification.
Results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in providing actionable insights
and personalized recommendations for maternal health management. By leveraging
technology to empower expectant mothers with proactive support and resources, our
project sets a new standard for comprehensive perinatal care.
In conclusion, our project underscores the transformative potential of personalized care

and technological innovation in improving maternal well-being. By combining
advanced technology with compassionate support, we aim to empower expectant
mothers throughout their pregnancy journey.
Future endeavors include expanding our solution to encompass additional health
parameters such as fetal heart rate, lacks blood sugar tracking and enhancing data
security measures.
NURTURHUB: A SMART MATERNAL HEALTH MONITORING DEVICE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION 2
1.2 SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE 2
2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION 3

2.1 PRODUCT PERSPECTIVE 3
2.2 PRODUCT FUNCTIONS 4
2.2.1 SENSOR DATA ACQUISITION 4
2.2.2 DATA PREPROCESSING 5
2.2.3 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DETECTION 5
2.2.4 MOMENTS OF ACUTE STRESS DETECTION 5
2.3 USER CHARACTERISTICS 6
2.3.1 MOTHERS TO BE 6
2.3.2 HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS 6-7
2.4 SPECIFIC CONSTRAINTS 7
2.4.1 DATA PRRIVACY 7
2.4.2 SENSOR LIMITATIONS 7
2.4.3 USER ENGAGEMENT 8
2.5 GENERAL CONSTRAINTS 8
2.5.1 TECHINCAL COMPATIBILITY 8
2.5.2 RESOURCE AVAILABILITY 8
2.6 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS 8
2.6.1 EXTERNAL USER REQUIREMENTS 8-9
2.7 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 9
2.7.1 ADAPTABILITY 9
2.7.2 OPERABILITY 9
2.7.3 SAFETY MEASURES 10
2.7.4 MOVEMENT ASSISTANCE 10
2.7.5 FEEDBACK SYSTEM 10
2.7.6 MOTIVATIONAL FEATURES 10
2.8 PERMORMANCE REQUIREMETS 10
2.8.1 REAL TIME FEEDBACK 10
Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

2.8.2 RELIABILITY 11
2.8.3 SAFETY ASSURANCE 11
2.8.4 EFFICIENCY 11
2.8.5 SCALABILITY 11
2.8.6 DATA ACCURACY 11
2.8.7 USER EXPERIENCE 11
2.9 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS 12
2.9.1 COMPATIBILITY 12
2.9.2 COST EFFFECTIVENESS 12
2.10 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 12
2.10.1 EMERGENCY SOS 12
2.10.2 EDUCATIONAL CONTENT 12
3. DESIGN 13
3.1 ABSTRACT DESIGN 13
3.1.1 ARCHITECURE DIAGRAM 13
3.1.2 USE CASE DIAGRAM 14
3.2 FUNCTIONAL DESIGN 14-15
3.2.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 15
3.2.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 15
3.3 CONTROL FLOW DESIGN 16
3.3.1 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 17
3.4 ACCESS LAYER 18
3.4.1 ER DIAGRAM 18
4. IMPLEMENTATION 19
4.1 SOFTWARE 19
4.1.1 ANDROID STUDIO 19
4.1.2 ARDUINO IDE 19
4.1.3 VISUAL STUDIO 19-20
4.2 HARDWARE 20
4.2.1 ESP32 WROOM 20
4.2.2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR 21
4.2.3 HEARTRATE SENSOR 22
4.2.4 ACCELEROMETER SENSOR 22

4.2.5 ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVITY SENSOR 23

4.3 ALGORITHMS 23
4.3.1 TRAINING ALGORITHM 23-24
4.3.2 TESTING ALLGORITHM 25
5. TESTING 26
5.1 TEST CASES AND VALIDATION 26
5.1.1 DETECTING HIGH STRESS 26
5.1.2 DETECTING STRESS FREE SYMTOMPS 26-27
5.1.3 DETECTING MODERATE STRESS 27
6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 28-29

7. REFERENCES 30
8. APPENDIX 31-33

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 5.1: TEST CASES AND VALIDATION 26
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG 3.1.1 ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM 13

FIG 3.1.2: USE CASE DIAGRAM 14
FIG 3.2.1: DATAFLOW DIAGRAM 14
FIG 3.2.2: SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 15
FIG 3.3.1: ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 17
FIG 3.4.1: ER DIAGRAM 18
FIG 4.1: ESP32 WROOM 20
FIG 4.2: TEMPERATURE SENSOR 21
FIG 4.3: HEART RATE SENSOR 22
FIG 4.4: ACCELEROMETER SENSOR 22
FIG 4.5: EDA SENSOR 23
FIG 5.1.1: HIGH STRESS 26
FIG 5.1.2: NO STRESS 27
FIG 5.1.3: LOW STRESS 27
FIG 8.1: USER INTERFACE 1 31
FIG 8.2: USER INTERFACE 2 32
FIG 8.3: MODERATE STRESS MANAGEMENT 32
FIG 8.4: HIGH STRESS MANAGEMENT 33


CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The Empowering Maternity project is a pioneering initiative aiming to transform the
pregnancy experience through innovative technology and a holistic approach to
expectant mothers' well-being. It integrates cutting-edge sensors, and machine
learning, to provide real-time health monitoring, personalized interventions, and
support throughout the journey. The project addresses maternal healthcare gaps with a
unified platform offering Maternal Health Rate Tracking, Prenatal Health Reminders,
Emergency Response, and Advanced Mental Health Prediction. It empowers
expectant mothers with timely, personalized, and holistic support for optimal physical
and mental well-being.
Empowering Maternity adopts a revolutionary approach to maternal care by

seamlessly integrating cutting-edge sensor technologies, analytics, and user-centric
design. It surpasses traditional monitoring methods by offering real-time health
tracking, and mental well-being assessments. Its integration into healthcare practices
creates a symbiotic relationship, enhancing the quality of care provided to expectant
mothers. Designed for diverse user groups, it leverages state-of-the-art sensor
technologies to provide real-time insights into expectant mothers' physical and
emotional well-being.
The project's sensor data acquisition involves utilizing accelerometers, Electrodermal

Activity (EDA) sensors, Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) sensors, and Sleep Detection
technology. Data preprocessing techniques include combining accelerometer axes,
EDA filtering, and BVP to HR conversion. Physical activity detection is achieved
through ACCMAG data analysis and acceleration energy analysis. Moments of acute
stress are detected through the integration of multiple data streams, signal analysis,
probability density functions, and real-time user feedback.
In essence, the Empowering Maternity project represents a paradigm shift in maternal

care, leveraging technology to provide comprehensive support to expectant mothers
and healthcare professionals. Its innovative approach, real-time monitoring
capabilities, and focus on holistic well-being make it a transformative initiative in the
field of maternal healthcare. Through collaboration with healthcare providers and
continuous refinement based on user feedback, Empowering Maternity aims to
optimize the pregnancy experience and improve maternal health outco18mes for
women worldwide.

1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

Women frequently face a variety of stressors during pregnancy, including physical
discomfort, hormone swings, financial concerns, interpersonal strains, and anxiety
about childbirth and parental obligations. However, current techniques of measuring
maternal stress frequently rely on subjective self-reporting or rare clinical exams,
which may overlook minor shifts or fail to capture real-time data. This constraint
presents a substantial difficulty, as unrecognized or uncontrolled stress during
pregnancy can have negative consequences for both mother and child, including
preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental disorders. Furthermore, maternal
stress can have long-term effects on both the mother's and the child's health and well-
being, extending beyond pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, there is a critical need
for a more precise, continuous, and non-invasive approach to monitor maternal stress
levels throughout pregnancy and intervene proactively to mitigate its adverse effects.
1.2 SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE

Our methodology takes a comprehensive approach to stress monitoring during
pregnancy. We use cutting-edge wearable devices equipped with a wide range of
sensors to collect physiological data in real time. These sensors monitor characteristics
including as heart rate variability, skin conductance, breathing rate, and movement
patterns to provide a comprehensive picture of maternal stress and its physiological
manifestations. We examine this multidimensional information using modern machine
learning methods to uncover subtle patterns, trends, and anomalies that may indicate
maternal stress. Furthermore, our methodology extends beyond individual patient care
to help researchers better understand the larger effects of maternal stress on pregnancy
outcomes and design effective therapies.
Depending on the level and kind of stress, these interventions may include relaxation
techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness practices, or pharmaceutical
interventions. Furthermore, our project encourages collaboration among healthcare
professionals, academics, and technology developers to promote prenatal care through
innovation, evidence-based practice, and multidisciplinary methods. Finally, our main
goal is to increase maternal well-being, improve birth outcomes, and optimize long-
term health trajectories for both mothers and their children, so improving the quality of
life for families and communities around the world.

CHAPTER 2
SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION

CHAPTER 2
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
2.1 PRODUCT PERSPECTIVE
Empowering Maternity is a watershed moment in maternal care, providing a

comprehensive system to monitor and improve the well-being of pregnant women.
This unique approach, which is rooted in the larger context of women's health,
smoothly integrates with existing healthcare practices, encouraging a collaborative
connection with healthcare practitioners. The system promotes maternal health by
merging cutting-edge sensor technologies and data analytics.
Empowering Maternity goes beyond typical monitoring methods, delivering a

complex set of features including real-time health tracking, mental well-being
assessments, and community interaction. This holistic approach enables a detailed
view of the maternal journey, providing valuable information to both expectant
women and healthcare professionals.
The system's integration into established healthcare practices is a key component

of its strategy, resulting in a symbiotic partnership in which data-driven insights
supplement traditional care procedures. This collaborative ecosystem not only
improves maternal care quality, but also creates a constant feedback loop that
adapts to pregnant women' changing requirements.
Empowering Maternity was created with a user-centric ethos in mind, involving a

varied range of user groups to ensure that the platform is finely adjusted to its
users' specific requirements and preferences. This tailored approach improves user
satisfaction and adds to the system's overall performance.
The system is at the forefront of innovation, leveraging cutting-edge sensor

technology such as accelerometers, EDA sensors, and BVP monitors. This
technological prowess allows for real-time monitoring and analysis, offering
timely and accurate insights into the physical and emotional well-being of
pregnant women.

2.2 PRODUCT FUNCTIONS

2.2.1 Sensor Data Acquisition
Empowering Maternity uses a sophisticated sensor array to collect
important data for monitoring maternal well-being.
 Accelerometer: Captures movement data, enabling extensive
study of physical activity. It provides a full insight of the
expectant mother's daily movements, which aids in determining
overall activity levels.
 EDA (Electrodermal Activity): The EDA sensor measures
electrodermal activity to assess stress levels. By detecting
variations in skin conductance, it provides a more nuanced
picture of the expectant mother's emotional state.
 BVP (Blood Volume Pulse): This sensor gathers information
on blood volume pulse with a focus on cardiovascular health.
This data contributes to a thorough examination of the user's
physiological state and is essential for precise heart rate
computations.
2.2.2 Data Preprocessing
Empowering Maternity uses sophisticated preprocessing methods to

guarantee the precision and dependability of the data gathered.
 Combining Accelerometer Axes: The system combines the

three-dimensional accelerometer axes into an ACCMAG, or
combined accelerometer axes, to make further data processing
easier. The analysis of movement data is made easier by this
unified representation.
 EDA filtering: Applying low-pass and high-pass filters to EDA
data improves the quality of the data. In order to minimize
noise and motion artifacts and provide a more accurate
assessment of stress levels, this approach isolates the Skin
Conductance Level (SCL) and Skin Conductance Response
(SCR).

2.2.3 Physical Activity Detection:
To provide a comprehensive picture of the expectant mother's health,

Empower Maternity uses cutting-edge algorithms for accurate physical
activity detection.
 Use of ACCMAG Data: The system determines steps by utilizing

ACCMAG data, providing a precise assessment of physical
activity. For evaluating the user's mobility and general activity
levels, this data is essential.
 Analysis of Acceleration Energy: The system ascertains different
levels of physical activity by assessing acceleration energy. In
order to personalize the monitoring experience, experimentally
determined thresholds guarantee an exact step count and a
perceptive assessment of activity levels.
2.2.4 Moments of Acute Stress Detection:
Identifying and handling periods of extreme stress is one of the
system's primary features, improving the expectant mother's emotional
health.
 Data Acquisition: A complete identification of stress events is
achieved by Empowering Maternity by the integration of data from
multiple data streams, including mobility, heart rate (HR), and skin
conductance (SC). An all-encompassing picture of the user's
emotional state is offered by this combinatorial technique.
 Signal Analysis: Personalized SC, HR, and ACCMAG signal
analysis provides in-depth understanding of stress patterns by
identifying stress-related peaks.
 Probability Density Functions (PDFs): The system employs
Probability Density Functions (PDFs) to model stress responses
within SC, HR, and movement data. This modeling facilitates
accurate stress detection, enabling the system to distinguish normal
fluctuations from significant stress events.

 Instantaneous User feedback:

Users receive timely insights by being presented with detected
stress peaks in real-time. By promoting active stress management,
this user-centric approach improves the general well-being of
mothers.
2.3 USER CHARACTERISTICS
By offering elements specifically designed to foster a cooperative approach to

maternal care, Empowering Maternity addresses the various demands of both
expecting mothers and medical professionals.
2.3.1 Mothers to Be:

 Holistic Health Monitoring: This system uses a holistic
approach to track community involvement, mental health, and
physical activity. This all-encompassing viewpoint is consistent
with the complex nature of pregnancy.
 Stress Management: Empowering Maternity provides methods
for stress management using electrodermal activity monitoring
and stress detection algorithms, acknowledging the emotional
aspects of pregnancy.
 User-Centric Design: The user interface is tailored to expectant
mothers, ensuring an intuitive and user-friendly experience that
considers their unique circumstances and preferences.
2.3.2 Healthcare Professionals:
 Making Informed Decisions: Empowering Maternity provides
real-time data insights to healthcare providers, enabling them to
make informed decisions regarding the care and support that
each expectant mother needs.
 Extensive Patient Monitoring: The technology makes it
possible to continuously and thoroughly monitor patients,
giving medical personnel a dynamic perspective of their health
that goes beyond standard check-ups.

 Collaborative Care: Empowering Maternity promotes a

cooperative approach by facilitating communication and joint
decision-making between medical professionals and pregnant
moms.
 Integration into Healthcare Practices: Recognizing the
importance of seamless integration, the system aligns with
existing healthcare workflows, ensuring easy incorporation
without disruption.
2.4 SPECIFIC CONSTRAINTS
Emphasizing privacy, sensor dependability, and user involvement, empowering

maternity functions within a framework with particular restrictions that define its
success.
2.4.1 Data Privacy:

Compliance with Tight Rules:
Data privacy is of utmost importance to Empowering Maternity, which
complies with strict rules to protect sensitive health information. This
promise guarantees that all user data, including personal information
and health indicators, is handled in accordance with privacy
regulations and with the highest secrecy.
2.4.2 Sensor Limitations:
Dependency on Sensor correctness:
The correctness and dependability of sensor data are critical to the
system's operation. The accuracy of stress detection and health
monitoring may be impacted by any restrictions or errors in sensor
readings. Ongoing efforts to enhance sensor technology and mitigate
potential limitations are integral to maintaining the system's
effectiveness.
2.4.3 User Engagement:
Dependence on Adherence to Protocols:
The success of Empowering Maternity is contingent on active user
engagement and adherence to prescribed data collection protocols.

User cooperation in consistently providing accurate information and

following recommended guidelines for device usage is crucial.
2.5 GENERAL CONSTRAINTS
The overall functionality and dependability of Empowering Maternity are shaped

by a number of underlying restrictions, including technological concerns, resource
availability, and regulatory compliance.
2.5.1 Technical Compatibility:

Dependency on Wearable Sensor Technologies: The availability and
compatibility of wearable sensor technologies are prerequisites for the
operation of the system. Empowering Maternity's effectiveness depends on
the ongoing creation and incorporation of cutting-edge sensors that meet
the needs of the system for stress detection and health monitoring.
Limitations or compatibility issues in wearable technology development
could affect the system's capacity to take advantage of state-of-the-art
developments.
2.5.2 Resource Availability:
Impact of Network Connectivity and Server Capacity: The availability of
resources, such as network connectivity and server capacity, may have an
impact on the efficacy of Empowering Maternity.
.
2.6 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
2.6.1 EXTERNAL USER REQUIREMENTS

 User Interfaces
Mobile App Integration: Companion mobile app for in-depth
analysis, data storage, and sharing with healthcare providers.
 Hardware Interfaces
Sensors: Built-in sensors for monitoring vital signs, activity

tracking, heart rate, skin conductance and temperature.

 Software Interfaces
a. Android Studio: The project requires Android Studio as the
primary integrated development environment (IDE) for
Android app development. The development environment
should be set up to support the project's minimum Android OS
version. Android Studio plugins and libraries may be utilized
for enhanced functionality.
b. Companion Mobile App: Seamless synchronization with a
mobile app (iOS/Android) for data storage, analysis, and
additional features like community support or forums for
pregnant women.
c. React Native: The project utilizes React Native as the primary
framework for cross-platform mobile app development. React
Native enables developers to build mobile applications using
JavaScript and React, offering a flexible and efficient approach
to development. The development environment should be
configured to support React Native, including necessary
dependencies and tools such as Node.js and npm. React
Native's extensive ecosystem of libraries and components
allows for the integration of various functionalities, ensuring
the project meets its requirements while targeting multiple
platforms with a single codebase.
 Communication Interfaces
WiFi Connectivity with ESP32: Utilizes ESP32 for WiFi

connectivity, enabling wireless charging and data transfer
functionalities, enhancing convenience and accessibility.
2.7 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
2.7.1 Adaptability:
Ensure the device is adaptable to accommodate the varying abilities, sizes,

and developmental stages of patients undergoing rehabilitation.
Design adjustable features and settings to cater to the specific needs of

each patient, allowing for customization of therapy programs.

2.7.2 Operability:
Ensure the device is easy to operate and adjust, considering the continuous
development and changing capabilities of patients, including children.
Provide intuitive interfaces and controls that are accessible and

understandable for both patients and therapists.
2.7.3 Safety Measures:
Incorporate safety mechanisms to minimize the risk of injury or harm to

patients during therapy sessions, especially pediatric patients who may
have limited coordination or understanding.
Implement features such as emergency stop buttons or automatic shut-off

mechanisms to prevent accidents or overexertion.
2.7.4 Movement Assistance:
Design the device to assist patients in performing specific movements or

exercises tailored to their rehabilitation needs, providing guidance and
support as necessary.
Integrate features such as adjustable resistance levels or assistive

technologies to facilitate gradual progression and improvement.
2.7.5 Feedback System:
Provide real-time feedback to both patients and therapists during therapy

sessions to monitor progress and adjust therapy accordingly.
Display performance metrics, such as range of motion or completion time,

to track improvements and set achievable goals.
2.7.6 Motivational Features:
Incorporate features to motivate patients to actively engage in therapy

sessions, such as gamification elements, interactive interfaces, or rewards
for reaching milestones.
Design engaging and enjoyable activities that encourage participation and

adherence to therapy protocols.

2.8 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
2.8.1 Real-Time Feedback:
Provide real-time feedback during therapy sessions to ensure timely

adjustments and optimize patient engagement and progress.
2.8.2 Reliability:
Ensure the device operates reliably under varying conditions, delivering

consistent performance and accurate data to support effective therapy
interventions.
2.8.3 Safety Assurance:
Maintain high safety standards to minimize the risk of injury or discomfort

to patients during therapy sessions, adhering to industry regulations and
best practices.
2.8.4 Efficiency:
Optimize device efficiency to conserve resources and minimize energy

consumption, maximizing battery life and reducing the need for frequent
recharging or maintenance.
2.8.5 Scalability:
Design the device to scale effectively to accommodate growing patient

populations and evolving healthcare needs, ensuring long-term
sustainability and impact.
2.8.6 Data Accuracy:
Ensure high data accuracy and reliability to support evidence-based

decision-making by therapists and healthcare providers, enhancing the
effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions.

2.8.7 User Experience:
Prioritize user experience by designing intuitive interfaces, responsive

controls, and engaging feedback mechanisms, promoting patient
satisfaction and adherence to therapy protocols.
2.8.8 Compatibility:
Ensure compatibility with existing healthcare systems, software platforms,

and devices to facilitate seamless integration and interoperability within
clinical workflows.
2.9 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS

2.9.1 Compatibility:
Compatibility with various smartphone models and operating systems to
ensure wider accessibility.
2.9.2 Cost-Effectiveness:
Balance between advanced features and affordability to make it accessible

to a broad range of users.
2.10 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
2.10.1 Emergency SOS Feature:
An easy-access SOS button or feature to alert emergency contacts or

services in case of emergencies or health concerns.
2.10.2 Educational Content:
Access to educational resources or articles tailored to different stages of

pregnancy for user knowledge and guidance.

CHAPTER 3
DESIGN

CHAPTER 3
DESIGN
3.1 ABSTRACT DESIGN
3.1.1 ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM:
Empowering Maternity's methodology is grounded in a sophisticated multi-sensor

approach, utilizing three key sensors—Accelerometer, EDA, and BVP—to
comprehensively monitor maternal well-being. The gathered data undergoes a meticulous
preprocessing phase, including merging accelerometer axes, filtering EDA signals, and
converting BVP data to heart rate. The system excels in physical activity detection,
employing a peak detection algorithm and energy analysis for precise step count and
activity level determination. Moreover, it excels in identifying moments of acute stress by
integrating skin conductance, heart rate, and movement data. The methodology employs
signal analysis and Probability Density Functions (PDFs) to pinpoint stress-related peaks,
offering users real-time feedback for effective stress management. This architectural
diagram illustrates how these components seamlessly interact, ensuring accurate, real-
time stress detection and promoting holistic well-being for expectant mothers.
Fig 3.1.1 Architecture Diagram

3.1.2 USE CASE DIAGRAM:
Actors in the system include expectant mothers, healthcare professionals, and system
administrators. Key use cases involve expectant mothers viewing health data such as
heart rate, activity levels, and stress patterns, receiving stress alerts and tips for managing
stress, connecting with other expectant mothers through a community forum, chatting
with healthcare providers for consultations and guidance, and system administrators
managing users, monitoring system performance, and updating content.
Fig 3.1.2: Use Case Diagram
3.2 FUNCTIONAL DESIGN
The functional design incorporates various modules with distinct responsibilities.

Modules include sensor data collection and pre-processing, health data processing and
analysis, stress detection and management, user interface management, community
platform management, and communication and notification. Responsibilities range from
collecting and formatting sensor readings to managing user interactions, forum posts, and
chat features. The data flow involves sensor data flowing from sensors to the wearable
device to the mobile app, which then sends data to the database for storage. Cloud

services access health data from the database for analysis and stress detection, with the
results and stress alerts sent back to the mobile app for display.
3.2.1 DATA FLOW:
Sensor data first flows from the sensors to the device, where it is then transmitted to the
mobile app. Subsequently, the mobile app sends this data to the database for storage
purposes. Cloud services then access the health data stored in the database to perform
analysis and stress detection. Once the analysis is completed, the results and any stress
alerts are sent back to the mobile app. Finally, the mobile app displays both the data and
alerts to the user, providing them with real-time insights into their health status.
Fig 3.2.1: Dataflow Diagram
3.2.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:
The process begins when the user encounters a stressful event, triggering physiological
changes in their body. These changes are captured by sensors integrated into a wearable
device worn by the user. The wearable device then transmits the captured data to a mobile
app installed on the user's smartphone. Subsequently, the mobile app forwards the data to
cloud services for thorough analysis. Upon detecting a stress event, the cloud services
promptly send an alert back to the mobile app. The app then displays a stress alert
notification to the user, who can access stress management tools or contact healthcare
professionals directly through the app for assistance.

Fig 3.2.2: Sequence Diagram
3.3 CONTROL FLOW DESIGN
The complete system flow diagram illustrates a continuous loop where the system collects
sensor data from the wearable device, pre-processes and analyzes it to extract meaningful
health metrics, employs stress detection algorithms to identify potential stress events, and
provides feedback to the user through alerts, recommendations, or data visualizations.
Users can interact with the system through the mobile app, accessing health data,
managing stress, and participating in the community platform. Decision points involve
algorithms using thresholds and criteria to determine stress events, and the loops ensure
real-time monitoring and updates.

3.3.1 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:
The data flow within the system begins with sensors capturing physiological data, which
then flows to the wearable device and subsequently to the mobile app. The processing and
interaction phase involve the analysis of health data to detect stress, with users utilizing
the mobile app for viewing data and managing stress. Processed data is stored in the
database, while cloud services analyze it for stress detection. Finally, a continuous
feedback loop is established where users receive real-time stress alerts and
recommendations.
Fig 3.3.1: Activity Diagram

3.4 ACCESS LAYER
The access layer design includes an entity-relationship (ER) model with entities such as
User, HealthData, StressEvent, and SensorReading. Relationships are established,
allowing one User to have many HealthData records, one HealthData record to be
associated with multiple SensorReadings, and one StressEvent to be associated with
specific HealthData and SensorReadings. Constraints involve primary keys on each entity
for unique identification and foreign keys to maintain relationships between entities
3.4.1 ER DIAGRAM:
Fig 3.4.1: ER Diagram

CHAPTER 4
IMPLEMENTATION

CHAPTER 4
IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 SOFTWARE
4.1.1 ANDROID STUDIO
Because of its unique set of capabilities designed just for Android app
development, Android Studio is a highly favored tool among developers. Its
feature-rich environment helps to improve overall productivity and streamline the
development process with its built-in emulators, performance profiling tools, and
user-friendly layout editor. Android Studio gives developers the ability to easily
create high-quality applications by offering a seamless platform for coding,
testing, and debugging Android apps. It also offers extensive support for
languages like Java and Kotlin, which increases its appeal and usefulness in the
Android development ecosystem.
4.1.2 ARDUINO IDE
The Arduino IDE is widely recognized for its ease of use and accessibility,
making it the ideal starting point for novices and enthusiasts interested in learning
microcontroller programming. Because of its easy-to-use interface and simple
setup procedure, users may quickly learn the principles of coding for Arduino
boards and overcome entry obstacles. The Arduino IDE facilitates collaborative
learning environments with its large community of enthusiasts sharing projects
and resources. Its compatibility with a wide range of sensors and actuators allows
users to experiment and innovate in a variety of domains, including automation,
robotics, and the Internet of Things. As such, it is an indispensable tool for
creative exploration and prototyping.
4.1.3 VISUAL STUDIO
Visual Studio, a powerhouse in the realm of Integrated Development

Environments (IDEs), offers an extensive suite of tools catering to the diverse
needs of professional developers across multiple platforms. From Windows
desktop applications to web services, cloud solutions, and mobile apps, Visual
Studio provides unparalleled versatility and productivity enhancements. Its robust

feature set includes advanced code editing capabilities, debugging tools, version
control integration, and support for a multitude of programming languages such as
C#, C++, Python, and more. Furthermore, Visual Studio's seamless integration
with Azure services facilitates smooth deployment and management of
applications, empowering developers to build, test, and deploy software solutions
with utmost efficiency and reliability, thus solidifying its status as the preferred
choice for developers tackling complex projects in various domains.
4.2 HARDWARE
4.2.1 ESP32 WROOM
The ESP32 WROOM module is a great option for many IoT and embedded
applications because of its small size, low power consumption, and strong
capabilities. Due to its energy-efficient design that extends battery life, it can be
integrated into devices with limited space and is small enough to be portable. The
ESP32 WROOM's dual-core processor and large memory capacity enable it to
perform complicated tasks with ease and guarantee dependable operation even in
demanding conditions. Furthermore, its integrated Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
capabilities enable smooth connectivity, enabling remote device control and
monitoring. All things considered, the ESP32 WROOM is a flexible platform for
developing cutting-edge Internet of Things applications due to its mix of
performance, power efficiency, and small size.
Fig 4.1 : ESP32 WROOM

4.2.2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Temperature sensors offer priceless data for a variety of uses, including consumer
electronics, industrial processes, and environment monitoring. These sensors
ensure optimal performance and efficiency by precisely controlling and
optimizing systems through accurate temperature measurement. Furthermore,
temperature sensors are essential for environmental monitoring since they help
identify and stop freezing or overheating circumstances that could harm
machinery or put people in risk. Modern temperature sensors are essential
components in many different sectors and applications because of their high
precision, quick response times, and small form factors, which are made possible
by improvements in sensor technology.
Fig 4.2 : Temperature Sensor
4.2.3 HEARTRATE SENSOR
Heart rate monitors are vital for tracking cardiovascular health and fitness,
offering important information about heart activity during exercise, rest, and
recuperation. These sensors detect changes in blood volume or electrical impulses
produced by the heart to monitor heart rate using photoplethysmography (PPG) or
electrocardiography (ECG) procedures. These sensors allow users to track heart
rate correctly, which helps them to detect abnormal cardiac rhythms or diseases,
optimize training regimens, and evaluate the intensity of their exercise. People
may now easily monitor their heart health in real-time and make well-informed
decisions about their health thanks to the incorporation of heart rate sensors into
wearable technology and fitness trackers.

Fig 4.3 : Heart rate Sensor
4.2.4 ACCELEROMETER SENSOR
Accelerometers are essential sensors found in many fields, including consumer

electronics, healthcare, and the automobile and aerospace sectors. These sensors
allow for the detection of motion, tilt, vibration, and shock by measuring
acceleration forces along several axes. Accelerometers enable a number of
applications, including activity tracking, screen rotation, gesture recognition, and
vehicle stabilization, by giving accurate information on movement and
orientation. Accelerometers are also essential to safety systems since they allow
airbags to be deployed in cars, wearable technology to detect falls, and buildings
and bridges to be structurally monitored. Accelerometers have gotten smaller,
more sensitive, and more reasonably priced because to developments in MEMS
(Microelectromechanical Systems) technology. This has led to new opportunities
for innovation across a wide range of sectors and applications.
Fig 4.4 : Accelerometer Sensor
4.2.5 ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVITY (EDA) SENSOR

Engineers employ a variety of software tools and processes known as electronic

design automation, or EDA, to design, simulate, and verify electronic systems and
circuits. In the development of electrical products, these tools are critical for
optimizing the design process, cutting down on errors, and raising overall
productivity. EDA software consists of layout tools for creating printed circuit
boards (PCBs), simulation tools for forecasting circuit behavior, schematic
capture tools for creating circuit diagrams, and verification tools for guaranteeing
design accuracy and specification compliance. Engineers may improve
performance, simulate different scenarios, and repeat designs quickly by using
EDA tools. This results in higher-quality and faster-to-market electrical devices.
EDA software also makes it possible for design teams to collaborate, facilitating
easy communication and data and information exchange. All things considered,
EDA plays an important part in the development of contemporary electronic
systems, enabling engineers to innovate and produce state-of-the-art goods for a
variety of industries.
Fig 4.5 : EDA Sensor
4.3 ALGORTIHMS
4.3.1 TRAINING ALGORITHM
This algorithm first uses the mean technique to impute missing values from the
dataset in order to guarantee that the data is full. After that, StandardScaler is used
to standardize the features so they are on a similar scale. The train_test_split
evaluation is then used to divide the dataset into training and testing sets in an
80:20 ratio. An KNN Regressor combines several weak learners to produce a
strong classifier. It is first initialized with a Decision Tree as the basis estimator.
The algorithm for updating weights, learning rate, and the number of weak

learners (50) are defined. Next, using the training dataset, the AdaBoost classifier
is trained. Furthermore, predictions are generated for the test dataset; the
accuracy_score function is used to determine the KNN Regressor’s accuracy on
the test set out to be 81%.
1. Load Data from CSV File:

 Read the data from the CSV file located at file_path into a DataFrame df using
the pandas library's read_csv function. Set the data type of the 'id' column as
string.
2.Drop Rows with NaN Values in the Target Variable (Label):
 Drop rows from df where the target variable (label) contains missing values
(NaN) using the dropna function with the subset parameter set to ['label'].
3.Impute Missing Values:
 Initialize a SimpleImputer object imputer with the imputation strategy set to
'mean'.
 Impute missing values in the feature columns 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'EDA', 'HR', and
'TEMP' using the fit_transform method of imputer. Assign the imputed feature
values to X_imputed and the target variable 'label' to y.
4. Standardize Features:
 Initialize a StandardScaler object scaler.
 Standardize the imputed feature values X_imputed using the fit_transform
method of scaler. Assign the standardized feature values to X_scaled.
5. Initialize KNN Regressor with Decision Tree as Base Estimator:
 Initialize a DecisionTreeClassifier as the base estimator with parameters
max_depth, min_samples_split, and min_samples_leaf.
 Initialize an KNN Regressor with the base estimator set to the decision tree,
n_estimators, learning_rate, and algorithm parameters.
6. Train the Classifier on the Entire Dataset:
 Train the KNN Regressor using the fit method, passing X_scaled as the
feature matrix and y as the target vector.
4.3.2 TESTING ALGORITHM

1. Connect to Device:
 Initialize a socket connection to the device using the device's IP address and port
number.
2. Read Data from Socket:
 Continuously read data from the socket connection.

 Parse the received JSON data.
3. Extract Values:
 Extract the values from the JSON data.
4. Load Trained Model:
 Load the trained KNN model from the pickle file.
5. Predict:
 Use the loaded model to predict the label based on the extracted test data.
6. Prepare Output Data:
 Create a dictionary to hold the output data, including the predicted label and the
extracted sensor data.
7. Convert to JSON:
 Convert the dictionary to JSON format.
9. Save JSON Output:

 Save the JSON output to a file.
10. Print Output:

 Print the JSON output.
11. Error Handling:
 Handle exceptions such as JSON decoding errors or general errors during

processing.

CHAPTER 5
TESTING

CHAPTER 5
TESTING
5.1 TEST CASES AND VALIDATION
INPUT EXPECTED PREDICTED OUTPUT

OUTPUT
X Y Z ED BVP TEMP
A
-62 3 17 0.3 71.5 29 Stress Label: 0 Predicted Label: 0
5 -5 5 6.76 99.43 36.45 Stress Label: 1 Predicted Label: 1
-31 -78 -15 6.76 99.43 105.8 Stress Label: 2 Predicted Label: 2
Table 5.1: Test Cases and Validation
5.1.1 DETECTING HIGH STRESS
Predicted threshold values and the example data presented suggest that the forecast is
most likely to show "High Stress." The fact that a number of the data's feature values
including TEMP (33.002), HR (60.02), and EDA (20) exceed their corresponding
thresholds for high stress levels leads to this conclusion. Consequently, this new data
point would be classified by the KNearestNeighbour Regressor as indicating a high stress
level, in line with the predetermined threshold criterion.
Fig 5.1.1: High Stress

5.1.2 DETECTING STRESS FREE SYMPTOMS
All feature values in the sample fresh data are within the designated threshold ranges,
hence "No Stress" is the most likely predicted label. As per the defined criteria, there is
no physiological stress evident in the values of X, Y, Z coordinates, EDA, HR, and
TEMP (-1, 60, 22, -19.22, 80.68, 0.78) since they fall within their respective threshold
limits. Thus, it is anticipated that for this input data point, the KNearestNeighbour
Regressor will predict a "No Stress" label.
Fig 5.1.2: No Stress
5.1.3 DETECTING MODERATE STRESS
The sample fresh data's feature values are all within the specified threshold ranges, hence
the most likely projected label is "Moderate Stress". Since the values of the X, Y, Z
coordinates, EDA, HR, and TEMP (-23, 53, 26, -29.09, 70.87, 34.091) are within their
respective threshold ranges, there is no physiological stress visible in accordance with the
established criteria. The KNearestNeighbour Regressor is therefore expected to predict a
"Moderate Stress" label for this input data point.
Fig 5.1.3: Low Stress

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
6.1 CONCLUSION
The strategy presented here, in summary, provides a comprehensive way to use wearable
sensor technologies to enhance pregnant women's well-being. It is feasible to gather data
seamlessly and provide continuous monitoring during everyday activities by combining
accelerometer, EDA, and BVP sensors into an intuitive gadget or mobile application.
Peak detection and movement intensity estimate are two analytic approaches that offer
useful insights into physical activity levels, while imputation and noise reduction are
preprocessing procedures that guarantee data quality.
Additionally, using machine learning models KNearestNeighbors in particular makes it

easier to anticipate mental health outcomes, which strengthens the case for proactive
intervention techniques. Individual needs are catered to and self-care habits are
encouraged through personalized recommendations that include everything from mood
tracking tools to mindfulness exercises. Furthermore, having access to expert-led forums
creates a helpful network in which expectant mothers can get advice from medical
professionals and mental health specialists.
By including these components, the suggested approach highlights the value of

individualized interventions and community support in improving the general well-being
of expectant mothers throughout their prenatal journey in addition to addressing the
technical aspects of data collection and analysis. This all-encompassing strategy
demonstrates a dedication to using technology to improve health outcomes and provide a
welcoming atmosphere for maternity care.

6.2 FUTURE SCOPE

6.2.1 Fetal Monitoring
This includes monitoring the heart rate of the baby to ensure that it is doing well.
6.2.2 Blood Sugar Tracking
This system cannot implement blood sugar level monitoring.
6.2.3 Data Security
The system cannot guarantee absolute protection against all possible cyber threats.
6.2.4 Collaboration with Healthcare Providers
The system should be developed in collaboration with healthcare providers to
ensure accuracy and alignment with medical standards.
6.2.5 Testing and User Feedback
The system should be rigorously tested and evaluated with diverse user groups to
gather feedback and refine the product.
6.2.6 Support for Multiple Languages
The system offers multilingual support to cater to diverse patient populations,
promoting inclusivity and accessibility.
6.2.7 Long-term Data Analysis
Allows for long-term analysis of patient data trends, facilitating the identification
of patterns and insights for improved healthcare decision-making.

REFERENCES
[1] Ahmad, S. G., Iqbal, T., Javaid, A., Munir, E. U., Kirn, N., Jan, S. U., & Ramzan,
N. (2022). Research Article: “Sensing and Artificial Intelligent Maternal-Infant
Health Care Systems: A Review”. Sensors, vol.2022,22(12) 4362.
[2] Poudyal, A., van Heerden, A., Hagaman, A., Maharjan, S. M., Byanjankar, P.,
Subba, P., & Kohrt, B. A. (2019). Research Article: “Wearable Digital Sensors to
Identify Risks of Postpartum Depression and Personalize Psychological Treatment
for Adolescent Mothers: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Exploratory Study in
Rural Nepal”. Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol.8,No 9,2019, e14914.
[3] Tomoki Saito, Hikaru Suzuki, and Akifumi Kishi. Research Article: "Predictive
Modeling of Mental Illness Onset Using Wearable Devices and Medical
Examination Data: Machine Learning Approach," Frontiers in Digital Health, vol.
4, pp. 861808, 2022.
[4] Enrique Garcia-Ceja, Michael Riegler, Tine Nordgreen, Petter Jakobsen, Ketil J.
Oedegaard, Jim Tørresen. Research Article: "Mental Health Monitoring with
Multimodal Sensing and Machine Learning: A Survey," A survey on Pervasive
and Mobile Computing, vol. 51, pp. 1-26, December 2018.
[5] Debard, G., De Witte, N., Sels, R., Mertens, M., Van Daele, T., & Bonroy, B.
(2020). Research Article: “Making Wearable Technology Available for Mental
Healthcare through an Online Platform with Stress Detection Algorithms: The
Carewear Project”. Journal of Sensors, Volume 2020, Article ID 8846077, 15
pages. Hindawi.

APPENDIX
A continuous loop is depicted in the complete system flow diagram, wherein the device's
sensor data is collected, pre-processed and analyzed to extract relevant health metrics,
stress detection algorithms are used to identify potential stress events, and the user is
notified through alerts, recommendations, or data visualizations. Through the smartphone
app, users may communicate with the system, receive health information, handle stress,
and take part in community activities. Real-time monitoring and updates are ensured via
loops, and decision points employ algorithms that use thresholds and criteria to identify
stress events.
Fig 8.1: User Interface 1

Fig 8.2: User Interface 2
Fig 8.3: Moderate Stress Management

Fig 8.4: High Stress Management

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Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi – 590018

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

KATE ANGELA JEANNE PEREIRA 4SO20AI027

DEPARTMENT OF INTELLIGENT COMPUTING & BUSINESS SYSTEMS

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

KATE ANGELA JEANNE PEREIRA 4SO20AI027

DEPARTMENT OF INTELLIGENT COMPUTING & BUSINESS SYSTEMS

KATE ANGELA JEANNE PEREIRA 4SO20AI027

bonafide students of VIII semester (Artificial Intelligence & Machine

Dr Shreenath Dr Shreenath Dr Rio

The Empowering Maternity project pioneers a transformative approach to pregnancy

Our methodology employs a comprehensive approach, encompassing meticulous

In conclusion, our project underscores the transformative potential of personalized care

2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION 3

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

4.2.5 ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVITY SENSOR 23

6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 28-29

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

TABLE 5.1: TEST CASES AND VALIDATION 26

FIG 3.1.1 ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM 13

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

Empowering Maternity adopts a revolutionary approach to maternal care by

The project's sensor data acquisition involves utilizing accelerometers, Electrodermal

In essence, the Empowering Maternity project represents a paradigm shift in maternal

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

1.2 SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

2.1 PRODUCT PERSPECTIVE

Empowering Maternity is a watershed moment in maternal care, providing a

Empowering Maternity goes beyond typical monitoring methods, delivering a

The system's integration into established healthcare practices is a key component

Empowering Maternity was created with a user-centric ethos in mind, involving a

The system is at the forefront of innovation, leveraging cutting-edge sensor

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

2.2 PRODUCT FUNCTIONS

Empowering Maternity uses sophisticated preprocessing methods to

 Combining Accelerometer Axes: The system combines the

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

2.2.3 Physical Activity Detection:

To provide a comprehensive picture of the expectant mother's health,

 Use of ACCMAG Data: The system determines steps by utilizing

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

 Instantaneous User feedback:

2.3 USER CHARACTERISTICS

By offering elements specifically designed to foster a cooperative approach to

2.3.1 Mothers to Be:

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

 Collaborative Care: Empowering Maternity promotes a

2.4 SPECIFIC CONSTRAINTS

Emphasizing privacy, sensor dependability, and user involvement, empowering

2.4.1 Data Privacy:

Department of Intelligent Computing & Business Systems

User cooperation in consistently providing accurate information and

2.5 GENERAL CONSTRAINTS

The overall functionality and dependability of Empowering Maternity are shaped

2.5.1 Technical Compatibility:

2.6 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

2.6.1 EXTERNAL USER REQUIREMENTS