part c

1. explain diff type of CRUD operation in mongo db and sutiable example

CRUD operations refer to the basic actions that can be performed on data in a database.
MongoDB, being a NoSQL database, supports CRUD operations as well. The acronym CRUD
stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. Here's an explanation of each operation with
suitable examples in MongoDB:

1. **Create (Insert):**
- **Example:**
To insert a new document into a MongoDB collection, you use the `insertOne()` or
`insertMany()` method.

```javascript
db.users.insertOne({
name: "John Doe",
age: 30,
email: "john.doe@example.com"
});
```

In this example, a new document with the specified fields is inserted into the "users"
collection.

2. **Read (Query):**
- **Example:**
To retrieve data from MongoDB, you use the `find()` method. You can also specify criteria to
filter the results.

```javascript
// Find all documents in the "users" collection
db.users.find();

// Find users with age greater than 25

db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 25 } });
```

The first example retrieves all documents in the "users" collection, while the second example
filters documents based on the age.

3. **Update:**
- **Example:**
 To update existing documents, you use the `updateOne()` or `updateMany()` method.

```javascript
// Update the age of a specific user
db.users.updateOne(
{ name: "John Doe" },
{ $set: { age: 31 } }
);
```

This example updates the age of the user with the name "John Doe" to 31.

4. **Delete:**
- **Example:**
To remove documents from a collection, you use the `deleteOne()` or `deleteMany()` method.

```javascript
// Delete a specific user
db.users.deleteOne({ name: "John Doe" });
```

This example deletes the document with the name "John Doe" from the "users" collection.

These are the basic CRUD operations in MongoDB. It's important to note that MongoDB provides
various options and operators to perform more complex queries and updates, allowing for
flexible and efficient data manipulation.

2. Dicuss about diff type of mongo db basic command

MongoDB provides a powerful shell interface for interacting with the database. Here are some
basic MongoDB shell commands to get you started:

1. **`show dbs`**
- Displays a list of all available databases on the MongoDB server.

```
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
```

2. **`use <database>`**
 - Switches to the specified database.

```
> use mydatabase
switched to db mydatabase
```

3. **`db`**
- Returns the current database.

```
> db
mydatabase
```

4. **`show collections`**
- Lists all the collections in the current database.

```
> show collections
mycollection1
mycollection2
```

5. **`db.<collection>.find()`**
- Retrieves all documents from the specified collection.

```
> db.mycollection.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("12345"), "field1" : "value1", "field2" : "value2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("67890"), "field1" : "value3", "field2" : "value4" }
```

6. **`db.<collection>.insertOne({<document>})`**
- Inserts a single document into the specified collection.

```
> db.mycollection.insertOne({ "field1": "new_value", "field2": "another_value" })
```

7. **`db.<collection>.updateOne({<filter>}, { $set: { <update> } })`**

- Updates the first document that matches the specified filter in the collection.

```
 > db.mycollection.updateOne({ "field1": "value1" }, { $set: { "field2": "updated_value" } })
```

8. **`db.<collection>.deleteOne({<filter>})`**
- Deletes the first document that matches the specified filter in the collection.

```
> db.mycollection.deleteOne({ "field1": "value1" })
```

9. **`db.<collection>.aggregate([ {<stage1>}, {<stage2>}, ... ])`**

- Performs aggregation operations on the specified collection using the provided pipeline.

```
> db.mycollection.aggregate([ { $group: { _id: "$field1", count: { $sum: 1 } } } ])
```

10. **`quit()` or `exit`**

- Exits the MongoDB shell.

```
> quit()
```

These are just a few basic commands to help you get started with MongoDB shell interactions.
MongoDB provides a rich set of commands for querying, updating, and managing data in the
database, so it's recommended to refer to the official documentation for more in-depth
information and advanced commands: [MongoDB Official Documentation]
(https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/).

3. 3. explain express and it's application

Express, often referred to as Express.js, is a web application framework for Node.js. It simplifies
the process of building robust and scalable web applications by providing a set of features and
tools that streamline common web development tasks. Here are some key aspects of Express
and its applications:

1. **Routing:**
- Express simplifies the creation of routes, which define how an application responds to client
requests. Routes are defined using HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.) and URL
patterns.
- Example:
```javascript
const express = require('express');
 const app = express();

app.get('/', (req, res) => {

res.send('Hello, World!');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('Server is listening on port 3000');
});
```
- In the above example, a simple route is defined for handling GET requests to the root URL
("/").

2. **Middleware:**
- Middleware functions in Express have access to the request, response, and the next
middleware function in the application’s request-response cycle. They can modify the request
and response objects, execute code, and end the request-response cycle.
- Middleware is often used for tasks such as logging, authentication, error handling, and more.
- Example:
```javascript
app.use((req, res, next) => {
console.log('Request received at:', new Date());
next();
});
```

3. **Template Engines:**
- Express allows the use of template engines like EJS, Pug, or Handlebars to dynamically
generate HTML content on the server side.
- Example with EJS:
```javascript
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

app.get('/greet/:name', (req, res) => {

res.render('greet', { name: req.params.name });
});
```
- In this example, when a user accesses the "/greet/:name" route, the server renders the
"greet.ejs" template with the provided name.

4. **Static Files:**
- Express can serve static files (e.g., CSS, images, JavaScript) easily using the `express.static`
middleware.
- Example:
 ```javascript
app.use(express.static('public'));
```
- In this example, the "public" directory becomes accessible to clients, and its contents can be
served as static files.

5. **RESTful APIs:**
- Express is commonly used to build RESTful APIs. It provides a simple and efficient way to
handle HTTP methods and route patterns for building APIs.
- Example:
```javascript
app.get('/api/users', (req, res) => {
// Return a list of users
});

app.post('/api/users', (req, res) => {

// Create a new user
});
```

6. **Database Integration:**
- Express can be used with various databases such as MongoDB, MySQL, or PostgreSQL.
Libraries like Mongoose (for MongoDB) or Sequelize (for SQL databases) facilitate database
interactions.

7. **Web Applications and Microservices:**

- Express is suitable for building both small-scale web applications and larger, more complex
applications. It is often used in conjunction with other tools and frameworks to build
microservices.

8. **WebSocket Support:**
- While Express primarily focuses on HTTP, it can be extended to support WebSockets for real-
time communication using libraries like `socket.io`.

In summary, Express is a versatile and widely-used web framework for Node.js, providing a
powerful set of features for building web applications and APIs. Its flexibility makes it suitable for
a variety of use cases, from simple websites to more complex, scalable applications.