LAB Task COMSATS ATD

Name: Raja Ali Dad

Reg#: FA18-EPE-174

Seaction: 5D

LAB Teacher: Sir Ali Muhammad

Machine LAB

Assignment#01
Marks:
A P C

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Question#01: Why transformer ratings are in KVA, not in

KW?

Answer: -

Equipment used for power generation and

transmission which are generators and transformers
are always rated in KVA. KVA stands for kilo-volt-
ampere, while calculating in KVA power factor in not
taken into account. So the output power of
transformers are independent of power factor that’s
why we use KVA as unit.
We can also understand this by the power triangle
.

Question #02: Enlist different types of transformer?

Answer: -

1. Core type.
2. Shell type.
3. Ventilated Dry-Type Transformers.
4. Gas-Filled Dry-Type Transformers.
5. Liquid-Immersed Transformers.

Question #03: Why motor ratings are in KW, not in KVA?

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Answer: -

The output of motor depends on power factor PF

that’s why we take the ratings in KW.

Question #04: Can we operate a 60Hz Transformer on

50Hz supply source and vice versa?

Answer: -

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If we operate a 60Hz Transformer on 50Hz there will be

extra current which will increase transformer copper loss
for that we will have to add an inductor in a coil so the
extra current will flow through to it.

And when we will operate 50Hz on 60Hz we are generally

increasing 20% of frequency level which will increase 20%
flux in the magnetic core which will increase flux lines in
magnetic core and this will result in increase in core
temperature and transformer will be damage after a
certain time.

Question #05: Enlist different types of Watt-Meter and

their specifications?

Answer: -

Types of Watt-meters: -

1. Dynamometer type wattmeter:-

a. Suspended-coil torsion wattmeter

b. Pivoted-coil direct-reading wattmeter

Dynamometer type works on the principle of torque

production in a current carrying coil lying in a
magnetic field created by a fixed set of coils. It
gives accurate readings in DC and slightly
erroneous readings in AC due to inductance.

2. Induction type wattmeter: -

It works on the principle of torque production by
induced currents in a short-circuited secondary
circuit. It works on AC currents only.

3. Electrostatic type wattmeter: -

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In these types a repulsive force exists on a plate in

an electric field. They are not commercially used
due to small deflection torque. This type is free of
error due to waveform, frequency, eddy current and
low power factor.

Question #06: Enlist different classes of insulation with

properties?

Answer: -

1. Class A

Class A insulation consists of materials such as cotton,

silk and paper when suitably impregnated or coated or
when immersed in a dielectric liquid such as oil. Other
materials or combinations of materials may be included in
this class if by experience or tests they can be shown to
be capable of operation at the Class A temperature.

2. Class B
Class B insulation consists of materials or combinations
of materials such as mica, glass fibre, asbestos, etc., with
suitable bonding, impregnating or coating substances
(beware a few older applications used asbestos). Other
materials or combination of materials, not necessarily
inorganic, may be included in this class, if by experience
or tests they can be shown to be capable of operation at
the class B temperature.

3. Class C
Class C insulation consists of materials or combinations
of materials such as mica, porcelain, glass, quartz with or
without an inorganic binder (beware a few older

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applications used asbestos). Other materials or

combinations of materials may be included in this class, if
by experience or tests they can be shown to be capable of
operation at temperatures above the Class H limit.
Specific materials or combinations of materials in this
class will have a temperature limit, which is dependent
upon their physical, chemical and electrical properties.

4. Class E
Class E insulation consists of materials or combinations
of materials, which by experience or tests can be shown
to be capable of operation at Class E temperature
(materials possessing a degree of thermal stability
allowing them to be operated at a temperature 15
Centigrade degrees higher than Class A materials).

5. Class F
Class F insulation consists of materials or combinations
of materials such as mica, glass fibre, asbestos, etc., with
suitable bonding, impregnating or coating substances, as
well as other materials or combinations of materials, not
necessarily inorganic, which by experience or tests can
be shown to be capable of operation at the Class F
temperature (materials possessing a degree of thermal
stability allowing them to be operated at a temperature 25
Centigrade degrees higher than Class B materials).

6. Class H
Class H insulation consists of materials such as silicone
elastomer and combinations of materials such as mica,
glass fibre, asbestos etc., with suitable bonding,
impregnating or coating substances such as appropriate
silicone resins. Other materials or combinations of
materials may be included in this class if by experience or
tests they can be shown to be capable of operation at the
Class H temperature.

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Question#07: Briefly discuss essential information you can

find on Motor Nameplate.

Answer: -

This data tells you at which voltage the motor is made to

operate. Nameplate-defined parameters for
the motor such as power factor, efficiency, torque and
current are at rated voltage and frequency. When
the motor is used at other voltages than the voltage
indicated on the nameplate, its performance will be
affected

Below is the picture which expalains.

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