Marzel Luis I.
Agas
IV-Mathematics
COMPENDIUM ABOUT INNOVATIVE WAYS OF TEACHING LITERATURE
APPROCHES/METHOD
1. Discovery Learning
2. Personal Response Approach
3. Information-based Approach
4. Moral-philosophical Approach
5. Project-based Learning Approach
6. Guided Practice / Cognitive
Apprenticeship
7. Repetition (Rote Learning)
8. Prompting
9. Cooperative Learning (Group Work)
10. Gamification
11. Stimulus Materials and Props
STRATEGIES
 Allow students to have maximum freedom
inside the classroom to discover learning on
certain topic. Do not told the exact
information to them instead guide them as
they use their prior knowledge and the use of
resources available inside the classroom
environment. (e.g. read novel or stories to
them and let them express their thoughts
about the story)
 Encourages learner' active involvement
(emotionally and intellectually)
 Allow them to draw own experiences,
feelings, opinions.
 In teaching knowledge about literature, the
primary source of information is the history
or the historical background of the literary
work and its characteristics.
 By reading the literary text, teacher should
search for a variety of moral values that
students should be aware of and assist them in
understanding the themes in future readings.
 The students will spend an extended period of
time (e.g. a week or more) on a single project
to gain in-depth knowledge about the task.
The project must be meaningful wherein
students can freely go to in-depth on areas of
interest. (e.g. this compendium)
 Students follow along with their teacher as an
‘apprentice’. By working side-by-side, they
learn the subtle little things (‘tacit
knowledge’) required to know in order to
master a skill.
 Repetition involves giving students time to
retry tasks over and over again until it is
consolidated in their minds. The information
should be safely in a student’s long-term
memory before moving on.
 Prompting involves providing students with
nudges, guides and questions that will help
them to move closer towards an answer. A
prompt is a suggestion to a student that they
pay attention to a particular aspect of a task
that will help them get closer to the answer.
 Cooperative learning is a teaching strategy
that involves having students work together
rather than in competition. Usually, this takes
place in small groups where the success of the
group is dependent on the students working
together to achieve a common goal (also
known as positive interdependence).
 Gamification involves implementing elements
of gameplay in your lessons. This can be as
simple as creating a competition out of an
English quiz bee.
 Recently, computer software such as excel,
and programming languages have been used
in the classroom as elements of ‘digital’
gamification.
 Stimulus materials are tools that a teacher
provides during lessons to spur students into
 engaging with the lesson or thinking more
deeply about the content provided. They
include videos, educational toys
(manipulatives), worksheets, visual prompts,
objects from outside the classroom, and so on.
Without stimulus materials, the classroom
feels empty and detached from real life. Bring
stimulus materials into the classroom to help
students make stronger connections to things
going on outside.
12. Hot Seat  One student takes the role of a character from
a book, history, etc. They did in front of the
class and get interviewed by their classmates.
The student must stay in character and answer
the questions from the perspective of that
character.
13. Open-Ended Questioning  Open-ended questioning involves asking
questions that require an elaboration in the
response. In other words, it cannot be a
question that can be answered with “yes” or
“no”.
 Students are required to provide explanations
and justifications for the points they make.
 Teachers get a more detailed appreciation of
students’ levels of knowledge.
14. Brainstorming  Brainstorming involves asking students to
come up with their initial thoughts on an
issue. The thoughts do not have to be refined
or correct. Instead, the students should use the
brainstorming time to get their mind flowing
and discussion started. Usually, this activity
takes place using flip chart / butcher’s paper.
15. Read Aloud  Read aloud is a strategy that involves the
teacher reading a text out loud to students.
The strategy relies on the teacher using
strategic pauses, pitch and tone changes, pace
and volume changes, and questioning and
comments. These reading aloud strategies
help students to become more engaged in a
lesson and get more out of the reading
experience.
16. Debating  Getting students to debate an idea is a great
way of getting them to build coherent and
logical arguments in defense of a position. It
requires them to gather, analyze and sort facts
before they present them to an audience.