Sofi’s / Conditionals

Section I.- Cause and Effect. Translate the following sentences from
Spanish to English:
1) Cause-and-Effect
present tense + present tense
If you heat water up to 100° C, it boils.
I get angry when people send me messages all day long.

1) Cuando nado, me siento fresco.

When I swim, I feel fresh.
2) Cuando ella llora, se le ponen los ojos rojos.
When she cries, her eyes get red.

3) Cuando me gritas, me estreso mucho.

When you shout at me, I get very stressed.

4) Cuando me pongo ropa nueva, me veo muy elegante.

When I wear new clothes, I look very elegant.

5) Cuando mi mamá no hace de comer, pedimos pizza.

When my mom does not make lunch, we ask for pizza.

Section II.- Future Possible. Use will (certainty), may (possibility) or can
(opportunity due to circumstances) accordingly.
2) Future possible
present tense + will, can or may
If we go to la Dolce Vita,
a) I will order lasagna. (100% certainty)
b) my mother may order apple strudel. (possibility)
c) we can taste authentic Italian food. (opportunity due to
circumstances)

1) Si vienes a mi fiesta, seré muy feliz.

If you come to my party, I will be very happy.

2) Si le regalas una corbata (a él), es probable que no le guste el color.

If you give him a tie, he may not like the color.

3) Si no traes una regla y una pluma roja, no puedes tomar el examen.

If you do not bring a ruler and a red pen, you cannot take the exam.

4) Si sigues las instrucciones del médico, pronto te aliviarás.

If you follow the doctor's instructions, you will get well soon.

5) Si no tomas las notas en clase, probablemente no sepas cómo

hacer la tarea de traducción.
If you do not take class notes, you may not know how to do the
translation homework.

Section III. Present Unreal. Use would (certainty), might (possibility) or

could (opportunity due to circumstances) accordingly.
3) Present Unreal
“simple past tense” + would, might, could
If you did more exercise,
a) you would be healthier.
b) you might attract more girls.
c) you could join our basketball team.

1) Si él estuviera aquí, él podría ayudarnos.

If he were here, he could help us.
2) Si no me llamaras tan tarde en la noche, no me enojaría contigo.
If you did not call me so late at night, I would not get mad with you.

3) Si fueras al club social, es probable que conocieras personas

interesantes.
If you went to the social club, you might meet interesting people.

4) Si me visitaras más frecuentemente, nos conoceríamos mejor.

If you visited me more frequently, we would get to know each other
better.

5) Si jugaras ajedrez, podrías participar en el torneo.

If you played chess, you could participate in the tournament.

Section IV.- Past Unreal, Present Consequence. Use would (certainty),

might (possibility) or could (opportunity due to circumstances)
accordingly.
4) Past unreal
a) with present consequence
if + past perfect (had + PPV) + would/could/might + SFV
If I hadn’t eaten so much last night, I wouldn’t feel sick now.
1) Si hubieras pedido pizza vegetariana, nuestros amigos vegetarianos
podrían comer ahora con nosotros.
If you had asked for vegetarian pizza, our vegetarian friends could eat
with us now.

2) Si no hubieras llegado tarde al aeropuerto, ahora estarías en el

avión rumbo a Canadá.
If you had not arrived late at the airport, you would be on your way to
Canada now.

3) Si hubiera traído mis herramientas, ahora podría arreglar tu puerta

del refrigerador.
If I had brought my tools, I could fix your fridge door now.

4) Si hubieras empezado a ahorrar hace algunos meses, ahora

podrías comprar esa laptop.
If you had started to save some months ago, you could buy that laptop
now.

5) Si hubieras tomado un par de aspirinas, ahora no te dolería la

cabeza.
If you had taken a couple of aspirins, you would not have a headache
now.
Section V.- Past Unreal, Past Consequence. Use would (certainty),
might (possibility) or could (opportunity due to circumstances)
accordingly.
b) with past consequence
if + past perfect (had + PPV) + would/could/might + have + PPV
If I hadn’t talked back to my mom, she wouldn’t have punished
me.

1) Si no te hubieras quedado dormida en la clase, la maestra no te

habría asignado trabajo extra.
If you had not fallen asleep in class, the teacher would not have
assigned extra work to you.

2) Si hubieras visto esa película, te habrías aburrido horriblemente.

If you had seen that movie, you would have gotten terribly bored.

3) Si me hubieses llamado más temprano, habría podido recogerte en

tu casa.
If you had called me earlier, I could have picked you up in your house.

4) Si no hubiésemos escrito el examen con lápiz, probablemente el

maestro no nos lo habría aceptado.

If we had not written the exam in pencil, the teacher might not have
accepted it.
5) Si en verdad la hubieras amado a ella, no habrías salido con la otra
chica.
If you had truly loved her, you would not have dated the other girl.