Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2023 - Hydraulics 13

Alternate Stages of Flow Accelerated Flow: d1 > d 2 V1 < V 2 S ≠ SO

- In a channel for a given total head or specific energy E,

there are two stages of flow that give the same discharge
Q:

1. The upper stage/ tranquil flow

NF < 1 subcritical

2. The lower stage/ rapid or shooting flow

NF > 1 supercritical
*egl is not parallel to channel bed
NF = Froude number
1. Water flows in a rectangular channel at a depth of 1.0 m
and a velocity of flow of 4 m/s.
Generally (all sections),
a. What is the discharge?
b. What is the critical depth?
v c. What is the Froude number?
NF =
gdm d. Is the flow sub or super-critical?
e. What is the alternate depth?
dm = mean/ average depth (m)
2. A riveted-steel triangular duct, n=0.015, flows partly full
A as shown. If the critical depth is 60 cm, compute:
dm =
B a. Critical flow rate.
B = width of the l.s. (m) b. Critical velocity.
c. Critical slope.
For rectangular sections:

v
NF =
gd

Critical depth (dc) = depth of flow where the discharge Q is

maximum for a given specific energy E, or depth of flow
where E is minimum for a given Q.

Generally (all sections),

Bc
Q2 A 3c 3. Find the critical depth in the trapezoidal channel shown
=
g Bc conveying water at 19 m3/s. Side slope 1V:3H, n= 0.012.
Ac dc

For rectangular sections:

dc = 3
q = discharge per meter width
NON-UNIFORM FLOW (Varied Flow)
SO = slope of the channel bed
S = slope of the egl
Retarded Flow: d1 < d 2
q2
g
4. A rectangular planed timber flume (n = 0.012) 3 m wide
is laid on a slope of 0.0011. For a depth of flow of 0.90
m:
a. What is the Manning’s C?
b. What is the uniform flow?
c. What smallest amount of energy can give the
same amount of flow?
V1 > V 2 S ≠ SO
5. A 3.1 – m wide rectangular flume carries water at 5.60
m3/s. The bed slope is 0.00078 and n = 0.010. At a certain
section, the depth is 92 cm.
a. How far therefrom is the depth 80 cm?
b. What is the slope of the egl?
c. What is the headloss?

6. Water is flowing in a 12 – m wide rectangular channel at

10.5 m3/s and a depth of 1.1 m.
*egl is not parallel to channel bed a. What is the specific energy?
b. What is the critical depth?
Manila, Baguio, Cebu FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch
 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194  (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998
 Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2023 - Hydraulics 13
7. The flow rate per unit width in a wide channel is q = 2.3
m3/s per m width. Is the flow subcritical or supercritical
if the depth is:
a. 0.2 m
b. 0.8 m
c. 2.5 m

8. A rectangular channel 3 m wide carries 10 m3/s at a

depth of 2 m.
a. Is the flow subcritical or supercritical?
b. For the same flow rate, what depth will give
critical flow?

9. Water flows in a 10 – m wide open channel with a flow

rate of 5 m3/s. Determine the two possible depths if the
specific energy of the flow is E = 0.6 m.

10. A discharge of 4.5 m3/s occurs in a rectangular channel

1.83 m wide with s = 0.002 and n = 0.012.
a. Find the normal depth for uniform flow
b. Determine the critical depth.
c. Is the flow subcritical or supercritical?

11. Compute the critical depth for a flow at 0.4 m3/s through
a 60° V – notch channel.

12. Water flows through an almost level channel 3 m. wide

at 12 m3/s. The depth gradually increases form 1.0 m. to
1.1 m. for a length of flow of 5m.
a. What is the head loss?
b. What is the slope of the energy gradient?
c. Compute the value of the roughness coefficient.

6) 1.132
0.427
7) supercritical
Supercritical
subcritical
8) subcritical
1.04 m
9) 0.56 m
0.173 m
10) 1.06 m
0.851 m
Subcritical
11) 0.628
12) 0.04 m
0.008
0.017

Manila, Baguio, Cebu FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch
 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194  (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998