Kepler’s Law: movement of the planets around the sun

3 laws => LO, LA, LOP

Kepler’s First Law (LO) => Law of Orbits
• All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus

Kepler’s Second Law (LA) => Law of Areas

• A line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times
• Area between AB and CD are the same
• Distance: CD < AB
• Time taken to travel from AB and CD = Same
• Linear speed at AB > CD

Kepler’s Third Law (LOP) => Law of Periods (relate time)

• The square of the orbital period of any planet is directly proportional to the cube of the radius
of its orbit
• Mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
• Further the planets from the sun, it will take longer time to orbit the sun
𝑇12 𝑟13
• =
𝑇22 𝑟23
rE = 1.50 × 1011 , TE = 1 year, TM = 1.88 years
(1)2 (1.50 × 1011 )3
=
(1.88 )2 𝑟𝑀 3

(1.50 × 1011 )3
0.282933 =
𝑟𝑀 3
3
(1.50 × 1011 )3
𝑟𝑀 =
0.282933

𝑟𝑀 3 = 1.19286 × 1034
3
𝑟𝑀 = √1.19286 × 1034
𝑟𝑀 = 2.28 × 1011 𝑚

𝑟𝑆 = 6.37 × 106 + 380 × 103

= 6.75 × 106

655.22 (3.83 × 108 )3

=
𝑇𝑠 2 (6.75 × 106 )3
655.22
= 182677.4764
𝑇𝑠 2
655.22
= 𝑇𝑠 2
182677.4764
𝑇𝑠 2 = 2.34997
𝑇𝑠 = √2.34997
𝑇𝑠 = 1.53 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠