4 EVS SEM-2 Textbook

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ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Class - 4 (Semester - 2)
Textbook Development Committee
Editorial Board
Sri. S. Suresh Kumar IAS
Commissioner of School Education & State Project Director, SS, AP, Amaravati.
Smt. Vetriselvi. K IAS

Special Officer, English Medium Project, O/o CSE-AP, Amaravati.
Dr. B. Pratap Reddy MA., B.Ed., Ph.D.

Director, SCERT, AP, Amaravati.
Sri K. Ravindranath Reddy MA., B.Ed.

Director, Govt. Textbook Press, AP, Amaravati.
Editors
Dr. K. N. Shoba M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D (English), M.A. (Edu.)
Asst. Professor, Anna University, Chennai.
Dr. E. Uday Bhaskar Reddy Prof. (Retd.) Dr. Suman Bandi Prof.
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. Regional Institute of English, Bangalore.
Dr. K. Sreeramulu Prof. (Retd.) Dr. R. Pardhasaradhi

Head of the Dept. of Zoology, Associate Professor and Head,
VSR & NVR College, Nagarjuna University. Sri Y.N. College, Narsapur.
Dr. D. Gopala Krishna Principal (Retd.) Dr. G. Chenna Reddy Associate Prof.
IASE, Rajamahendravaram. Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur.
Dr. N. Upendar Reddy Prof. (Retd.) Dr. P. Vinay Kumar Principal,

SCERT, Hyderabad. DIET, Angaluru, Krishna (Dt.).
Dr. V. Raghava Rao Lecturer (Retd.)

APRJC, Hyderabad.
Published by Samagra Shiksha, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati.
i
© Government of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati
First Published 2020

New Impression - 2021, 2022, 2023
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means
without the prior permission in writing of the
publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any
form of binding or cover other than that in
which it is published and without a similar
condition including this condition being
imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
The copy right holder of this book is the
Commissioner of School Education,
Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh.
This book has been printed on 70 G.S.M. SS Maplitho

Title Page 200 G.S.M. White Art Card
Free distribution by Samagra Shiksha, Government of Andhra Pradesh
Printed in India
at the A.P. Govt. Text Book Press
Amaravati
Andhra Pradesh
ii
Co-ordinators
Dr. T. https://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
V. S. Ramesh M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D.
Dept. of C&T, SCERT, AP.
Sri D. David M.Sc., M.Ed.
Assessment Cell, SCERT, AP
Smt S. Umamaheswari M.Sc., B.Ed.
Digital Education, SCERT, AP
Authors
Sri. M. Hari Prasad SA (BS),
ZPHS, Giddaluru, Kurnool District
Sri. V. Srinivasulu SA (BS),
MPUPS, Chintalapalli, Kurnool District
Sri. C. Nagendra Prasad SGT,
MPPS, GC Palem, Bandiatmakur, Kurnool District
Smt. K. Sabitha Lakshmi SA
ZPHS, Kannurupalem, Visakhapatnam District
Smt. S.Padmavathi SA
ZPHS, Vepagunta, Visakhapatnam District
Smt. N. Kusuma SGT
GDET, MCPS, Patamata, Vijayawada, Krishna District
Sri B. RajaSekhar SGT
MPUPS, Chukkavalasa, Vijayanagaram District.
Smt. G. Sujatha SA
ZPHS, Kalluru, Ananthapuram District.
Smt. K. Sri Latha SGT
MPPS, Kothagudem, West Godavari District.
Sri M. Zakir Hussain SGT
MPPS, Palyamthanda, Pamidi, Ananthapuram District.
Illustrator
Uttam
Sri P. Ramachandra Rao, MPPS, Jakeru, Vizianagaram District
Sri T. Kalidasu, ZPHS, Vepagunta, Visakhapatnam
DTP & Designing

Published by Government
Star Media of Andhra
Services, Pradesh, Amaravati
Hyderabad.
Sri A. Ramaraju, Lasya Graphics, Vijayawada.
ii i
Foreword
The Government of Andhra Pradesh has unleashed a new era in school education by introducing
extensive curricular reforms from the academic year 2020-21. The Government has taken up curricular
reforms intending to enhance the learning outcomes of the children with focus on building solid foundational
learning and to build up an environment conducive for an effective teaching-learning process. To achieve
this objective, special care has been taken in designing the textbooks to achieve global standards.
As a part of the curricular reform, in order to ensure quality transaction of textbooks, handbooks
are given to teachers with elaborate lesson plans for better pedagogical techniques. For the practice of
the students, workbooks are given which will reinforce the learning in the classroom. Parental handbooks
are prepared to impart awareness regarding the teaching-learning process to the parent community. QR
codes are incorporated in the beginning of each lesson to enable learning outside the classroom.
Semester system is going to be implemented from this academic year for 1 to 5 classes.
Environmental studies textbooks have been developed in bilingual approach. In this textbook, eleven
lessons have been incorporated on various themes like Family, Plants and Animals around us, Our body,
Food, Water, Shelter, Travel, Relations, Games and Recreations etc. In order to reinforce the concepts,
several projects and activities are given to inculcate scientific temperament. Questions are framed for
each lesson to recapitulate the conceptual understanding and to achieve competencies required for
project work, drawings and model makings. Each lesson is provided with eye catching illustrations to
engage the children. The key concepts of the lessons are included under key words and the salient
features of the lessons are given under the title "What we have learnt " for the review of the important
concepts. An effort has been made to relate the scientific concepts with the real-life events thereby
developing and promoting scientific temperament.
We are grateful to Honourable Chief Minister Sri.Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy for being our source
of inspiration to carry out this extensive reform in the education department. We extend our gratitude to
Sri. Botcha Satyanarayana, Honourable Minister of Education for striving towards qualitative education.
Our special thanks to Sri. Budithi Rajsekhar, IAS, Special Secretary, School Education,
Sri. S. Suresh Kumar, IAS, Commissioner of School Education & State Project Director, SS,
Smt. Vetriselvi.K, IAS, Special Officer, English Medium Project for their constant motivation and guidance.
We convey our thanks to the textbook writers who studied curriculum from Chicago to Singapore
and recommended best practices across the globe to reach global standards. Our heartfelt thanks to NCERT,
SCERT of Kerala, Tamilnadu and Karnataka in designing the textbooks. We also thank our textbook
writers, editors, artists and layout designers for their contribution in the development of this textbook. We
invite constructive feedback from the teachers and parents in further refinement of the textbook.
Dr. B. Pratap Reddy

Director
SCERT, Andhra Pradesh
iv
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Instructions to the Teachers
E Children should understand, observe, explore and love their environment. Hence, the text book
on Environmental studies at primary level is given the title ‘Our World’.
E The syllabus and lessons are written according to the context of our Andhra Pradesh State and the
themes based on the learning outcomes of the National Council For Educational Research And
Training (NCERT).
E The contents of the lessons are prepared on the themes family, plants and animals, food and water,
where do we live, communication and transport, our traditions and cultures and our universe.
E There are eleven lessons under seven themes. Each lesson is enriched with colourful pictures to
make children understand the concepts better.
E Every lesson starts with either a real life situation or child experiences. It give opportunity to hands
on experience.
E Children are encouraged to talk about the concepts and their experiences in the classroom.
E Activities are designed in such a way that the children observe and explore their surroundings,
discuss with their friends, family members, elders and collect the information, tabulate the data, do
experiments, participate in activities and projects.
E This textbook focuses mainly on the processing skills. Hence whole classroom, groups or individual
activities, logos and Q.R codes are also given to specify the different activities . The cat logo poses
a question for children to observe their surroundings and the practices to be followed. The bird
logo comes up with certain suggestions and practices children can do.
E Exercises are given not only to know what children have learnt, but also to exhibit and express
their creativity, experiences and thoughts. So all children should be given a chance to participate in
the activities.
E In each lesson there is an activity ‘Let us do’, to give scope for children to explore. Children
should do these activities either individually or in a group.
E There is another activity by the title ‘Think and Discuss.’ A scope is provided for the children to
think and discuss them with teachers or elders. Children should identify them independently.
E ‘Key words’ are given at the end of each lesson. These are the important concepts of the lesson.
Children’s conceptual understanding should be evaluated with the key words. Salient features of
the lesson are given by the title ‘What we have learnt’. Children should be made to read these
features. These are given to review the concept.
E In each and every lesson, the activities are incorporated keeping in view the Continuous and
Comprehensive Evaluation (C.C.E).
E Teacher should note down the progress of children based on the competencies achieved.
E If 80% of the children can do this, then only the next lesson should be taken up and remedial
coaching should be conducted for those children lagging behind.
vi
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vii
Our National Anthem | C²rjáT ^Ôá+
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka jaya he Èq>·DeTq n~óHjáT¿£ ÈjáTV²!

Bharata-bhagya-vidhata uó²sÁÔá uó²>·«$<óÔ!
Panjaba-Sindhu-Gujarata-Maratha |+C², d¾+<óT , >·TÈsÔá, eTssÄ,
Dravida-Utkala-Banga ç<$&, ÔáØÞø, e+>±!
Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga $+<ó« , V¾²eÖ#á\, jáTeTTH, >·+>±!
uchchala-jaladhi-taranga #áÌ\ È\~ó ÔásÁ+>±!
Tava Subha name jage, Ôáe XøuóH yûT C²¹>!
tave subha asisa mage, Ôáe Xøuó ¥w eÖ"¹>
gahe tava jaya-gatha. >±V² Ôáe ÈjáT>±<¸!
Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he Èq>·D eT+>·Þ<ø jáT¿£ ÈjáTV²!
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata. uó²sÁÔá uó²>·« $<óÔ!
Jaya he, Jaya he, Jaya he, ÈjáTV²! ÈjáTV²! ÈjáTV²!
jaya jaya jaya jaya he. ÈjáT ÈjáT ÈjáT ÈjáTV²!!
- Rabindranath Tagore - sÁM+ç<H<¸ sÄ>·ÖsY
Pledge | ç|ÜÈã
India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters.
I love my country and I am proud of its rich and varied heritage.
I shall always strive to be worthy of it.
I shall give my parents, teachers and all elders respect,
and treat everyone with courtesy. I shall be kind to animals.
To my country and my people, I pledge my devotion.
In their well-being and prosperity alone lies my happiness.
- Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao
uó²sÁÔ<á Xû +ø H eÖÔáuóÖ $T. uó²sÁrjáTT\+<sÖÁ H d¬<sTÁ \T.
HûqT H <ûXæ ç|$TdTHï qT. dTd+|qyîTq® , VQ$<óy Tî q® H <ûXø ysÁdÔ Çá d+|< HÅ£ >·sÇÁ ¿±sÁD+.
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È+ÔáTeÚ\|³¢ <jTá ÔÃ +{²qT.
H <ûXø+|³,¢ H ç|È\|³¢ dysÁÜÔÃ +{²q ç|ÜÈã #ûdTïHqT.
y] çXâjÖî _óe<TýÆ ñ H q+<¿ì eTÖý+.
- |Õ&eTç] yî+¿£³ dTu²ÒseÚ
viii
Learning Outcomes
For All Classes New Text- Books
Academic Standards
Open Below Link
The Learning outcomes - academic standards to be achieved through the Class - 4 Textbook
'Our World' have been given below. These should be achieved by the end of the academic year.
The Teaching-Learning process should be carried out with the inclusion of these standards.
The following processing skills should be developed among the children.
1) Conceptual Understanding : Children should understand the different concepts given

in the 11 lessons of this text book. They should compare these with their real life
experiences. They should be able to give examples, say similarities and differences,
classify, explain and tell the reasons.
2) Questioning and Hypothesis: Children should be able to question about the

surroundings, situations and incidents they have seen and observed.
3) Doing and Explaining: Children should be able to do smaller and simpler experiments
and explain the concepts. They should be able to tell the sequence of the steps of the
experiment and the things that are used.
4) Information Skills - Projects : Children should grasp, note, tabulate and analyze the
things by observation, reading and discussing with others. They should be able to infer
the analysis and do the generalization. They should participate actively in the projects.
Projects should be exhibited and explained by them in the class.
5) Drawing and Model Making: Children should be able to explain the concepts by
drawing and colouring the pictures and by making models.
6) Appreciation: Good attitudes should be developed among the children. They should
recognize and appreciate the greatness of animals, birds, plants and people of their
society. The values like kindness, co-operation, working together etc., should be
inculcated. They should be able to identify and appreciate the diversities of the
surroundings and society. They should be able to appreciate different food habits, life
styles, cultures and traditions. Personal hygiene, good food habits, doing the personal
work by themselves, helping the elders and children with special needs should be
encouraged.
ix
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>·TD²\T n\y³T #ûdTÅ£+{²sÁT.
x
ENVIRONMENTAL
For All Classes New Text Books OpenSTUDIES
Below Link
|ü]düsê\ $C≤„q+
Class (‘·s¡>∑‹) - 4
Semester (ôd$TdüºsY) - 2
Lesson No. of
Lesson Name Month Pages
No. Periods
bÕsƒ+¡ dü+K´ bÕsƒ+¡ ù|s¡T |”]j·T&ÉT¢ HÓ\ ù|J\T
7. Professions and Services 9 November 02-19

eè‘·T\Ô T eT]j·TT ùde\T qe+ãs¡T
8. Transportation 9 December 20-31
s¡yêD≤ &çôd+ãs¡T
9. Communication 11 January 32-43
düe÷#ês¡ Á|ükÕs¡+ »qe]
10. Let us Visit 9 February 44-57
#·÷dæ e<ë›+ |òÁæ ãe]
11. Where are we? 9 February 58-79
eTqyÓTø£ÿ&É ñHêï+ |òÁæ ãe]
Teacher corner Student corner
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 1

Chapter
7
Learning Outcomes
Pupils will be able to:
observe the household materials, recognize their relevance to
different professions.
observe, collect data, explain reasons for existence of different
professions and appreciate the services available.
record observations/information on services available in rural
places in support of farmers and villagers.
While Vijaya was going with her grandfather to the market, she noticed a house
being painted. Vijaya wishes to know about the work. Here is a conversation between
Vijaya and her grandfather.
2 Class - 4 Our World

bÕsƒ¡+ https://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
nuÛ´Ñ düq |ò*ü ‘ê\T

$<ë´s¡Tú\≈£î dæ~∆+#˚ kÕeTsêú´\T:
Ç+{Ï˝À yê&˚ edüTeÔ ⁄\qT >∑eTìkÕÔsT¡ . $$<Ûä eè‘·T\Ô ≈£î yê{ÏøÏ >∑\ dü+ã+<Ûëìï >∑T]ÔkÕÔsT¡ .
$$<Ûä eè‘·T\Ô yê]ì |ü]o*+∫, düe÷#ês¡+ ùdø£]+∫ nìï s¡ø±\ eè‘·T\Ô T ñ+&É{≤ìøÏ ø±s¡D≤\T,
yês¡+~+#˚ ùde\qT n_Ûq+~kÕÔsT¡ .
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ùdø£]+∫ ìøÏ|å +Ôü #˚kÕÔsT¡ .
$»j·T, ‘ê‘·>±]‘√ ø£*dæ e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ≈î£ yÓfió¯ ‘·Tqï|ü&ÉT, <ë]˝À ˇø£ Ç+{ÏøÏ s¡+>∑T\T y˚jT· &É+ >∑eTì+∫+~. <ëì
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 3
Vijaya : Grand pa! Why do people paint their houses?
Grandfather : Well, a house looks beautiful and bright. So, we paint our houses. Look
there, you seehttps://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
a man painting. He is a painter.
Vijaya : What do we use to paint, Grand pa?
Grandfather : We use a brush and colours to paint the house, dear. The brush is a tool to
paint.
Vijaya : Grand pa! What is a tool?
Grandfather : A tool is an instrument to do the work easily. There are different tools
for people doing different works. What tool do you use to sharpen your
pencil?
Vijaya : Sharpener.
Grandfather : Yes, we should know the tools and their uses. Let us learn in detail:
Observe the picture:
There are different types of brushes used as the tools to do different work. A
paint brush is used by painters, and a shaving brush is used by a barber. Who uses a
shoe polishing brush ?
Discuss with your friends about the brushes shown in the picture and the people
who utilize them for their profession.
People do different kinds of works for their livelihood. The

work that involves any skill to get an income is called a profession.

$»j·T : ‘ê‘·jT· ´ ! Çfi¯fl≈£î s¡+>∑T˝…+<äT≈£î y˚kÕÔsT¡ ?
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n‘·ìì ô|sTT+≥sY n+{≤s¡ T.
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|üìeTT≥Tº Áãwt.
$»j·T : ‘ê‘· |üìeTT≥Tº n+fÒ @$T{Ï ?
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Áãwt
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y˚Tø£|t Áãwt
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≈£îå s¡≈î£ &ÉT (u≤s¡“sY) ùw$+>¥ Áãwt yê&É‘ê&ÉT. eT] wüO bÕ©wt Áãwt mes¡T yê&É‘ês¡T ?
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eè‹Ô n+{≤s¡T.
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 5

Let’s see different kinds of professions and the tools they use.
Farmer-The food makerFor All Classes New Text Books Open Below Link
In India, most of the people depend on agriculture. Farmers cultivate land and grow
crops. Farmers use many tools in farming. Let us see the different tools used in farming.
Let us see how the tools are used by the farmer

Farmers use different tools to do their work with ease. The level beam is used to level
the field. The spade is also used for digging passages for water flow. A sickle is used to
harvest the crops. A plough is used to till the land. Bullocks are used to pull the carts
and to plough. But, now-a-days tractors are used to level or till the land.
Tailor -The Designer

There are many other professions which help us in our
daily life, out of which, tailoring is one. The Tailor
stitches pants, shirts, jackets, blouses etc. He takes
measurements with a tape, cuts the cloth with a pair
of scissors and stitches the cloth with a sewing
machine.

eTq+ Ç|ü&ÉT $$<Ûä eè‘·T\Ô yês¡T $ìjÓ÷–+#˚ |üìeTT≥T¢ >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+.
¬s’‘·T ` nqï<ë‘· For All Classes New Text Books Open Below Link
uÛ≤s¡‘<· X˚ +¯ ˝À n‘·´~Ûø£ eT+~ Á|ü»\T eékÕj·T+ô|’ Ä<Ûës¡|&ü ‘É ês¡T. s¬ ‘’ T· \T uÛ÷Ñ $Tì kÕ>∑T#˚dæ |ü+≥\T |ü+&çkÕÔsT¡ . s¬ ‘’ T· \T
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bÕs¡ Hê>∑*
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bÕs¡&ÜìøÏ ø±e\dæq uÀ<Ó\qT @sêŒ≥T #˚kÕÔs¡T. ø=&Ée*‘√ ø√‘·\T ø√kÕÔs¡T. Hê>∑*‘√ uÛÑ÷$Tì <äTqTï‘ês¡T. m<äT›\qT
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<äTqï&É+ e+{Ï |üqT\T #˚dTü HÔ êïs¡T.
düHé f…Æ\sY‡
<äØ® ` <äTdüTÔ\ s¡÷|üø£s¡Ô
eTq ì‘·´ J$‘·+˝À eTq≈£î ñ|üj÷Ó >∑|&ü ˚ nH˚ø£ eè‘·T\Ô ˝À ã≥º\T ≈£î≥º&+É ˇø£
eTTKýÓTÆq eè‹Ô. <äØ®\T ìø£ÿs¡T¢, #=ø±ÿ\T, C≤¬ø≥T¢, >öqT¢ yÓTT<ä\>∑Tq$
≈£î&ÉT‘·T+{≤s¡T. n‘·qT ø=\‘·\ø£T fÒ|⁄ü qT, ø£‹]Ô +#·&ÜìøÏ ø£‘sÔÓ ¡qT, ≈£î≥º&ÜìøÏ
≈£î≥Tº$TwüHqé T ñ|üj÷Ó –kÕÔ&TÉ .
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 7

The tools used by the tailor

Threads Machine Scissors Bobbins
Scale & Markers Machine Oil Needle Measuring Tape
Mason - The Constructor

We find various types of constructions around us.
Whatever may be the construction it needs some
professionals.
Observe the picture
1. What is the man in the picture doing?
2. What tools does he use in building a wall ?
The person who helps in the construction of a
house is called mason. He builds our houses.
The tools used by the mason
Spirit Level Square trowel Try Square Saw
Spade Trowel Plumbob Saw machine
Hammer Iron Head Pan Water level pipe Tape

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<ësê\T ≈£î≥Tº$TwüHé ø£‘sÔÓ ¡ u≤_Hé\T
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‘ê|” y˚TÅd”Ô ` >∑èVü≤ ìsêà‘·

eTq #· T ≥÷º nH˚ ø £ s¡ ø ±\ ø£ ≥ º & Ü\T ñ+{≤sTT. Ä ø£ ≥ º & Ü\T
m≥Te+{ÏyÓ’q|üŒ{Ïø° yê{Ïì ì]à+#·&ÜìøÏ ø=+<äs¡T eè‹Ô ì|ü⁄DT\T
nedüs¡+.
á ∫Á‘êìï |ü]o*+#·+&ç
1. á ∫Á‘·+˝À e´øÏÔ @$T #˚dTü HÔ êï&ÉT ?
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¢ ?
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e´øÏìÔ ‘ê|”yT˚ ÅdÔ” n+{≤s¡T. n‘·qT eTq Ç+{Ïì ì]àkÕÔ&TÉ .
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düT‹Ô u§#ÓÃ / >∑yT˚ ˝≤ ˙{ÏeT≥º+ ô||’ ⁄ü fÒ|⁄ü

‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 9
Can you name the tools used to build a wall?

Different Professionals in our daily life

For different purposes we need different people who can help us. There are several
people in our society who belong to different professions. This is Veeraiah. He is a
greengrocer. He sells vegetables and fruits.
Farmers bring their vegetables to
the whole sale market. The mandi merchants
buy the vegetables from the farmers and
sell them to the vendors. The vendors
segregate the vegetables depending on the
size and quality and sell them through the
streets carrying them in their baskets or
moving them on cart tray.
This is Gopal. He is a milk man. This is Mounika. She is a

He supplies milk. florist. She sells flowers.
This is John. He is a chemist. This is Basha. He is a grocer. He sells

He sells medicines. cereals, pulses, spices and rice.

>√&É ìsêàD≤ìøÏ ø±e\dæq |üìeTT≥¢ ù|s¡T¢ sêkÕÔyê?
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 11

Let us watch the making of pots
Rajaiah is a potter. He makes different kinds of pots of different sizes. He sells them at
the village market. He learnthttps://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
the process of making pot from his grandfather.
Let us watch him making the pots
1 2 3
He takes the soft clay and rolls

Rajaiah brings clay He soaks the clay in water and it on a potter’s wheel, and
to make the pots kneads it with his legs to make it soft shapes the clay into a pot
4 5 6
He taps the pot made on the He dries the pots in the shade He bakes the dried pots
wheel with a wooden plate to first and then under the sun in a kiln
get the correct shape
Bring some clay from a nearby field, mix the clay with a little
Activity
water and make toys which you like and display in your class.
• Who cleans the toilets in your school?

• Who sweeps the streets in your village?
• What happens if there is no one to clean them?
In our society we find many people who help us in many ways.
The people who keep our streets and gutters clean are known
as sanitation workers. Sanitation workers protect us from
diseases, just as soldiers protect the border from enemies.
We should appreciate their importance and respect them.
Bezawada Wilson ‘Magsaysay award winner’ has been fighting one of the
worst evils of Indian Society - The practice of manual scavenging by safai
karmacharis, those involved in this most undignified of labours manually
remove night soil from dry latrines. He fought for liberation and rehabilitation
of safai karmacharis. He said “the son of manual scavenger need not take
the same profession. If we are not providing that freedom and opportunity
we are creating a social divide.”

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 13
We should keep our environment clean. Toilet is one of the places which has
harmful micro organisms.
ForAlways flush
All Classes the Books
New Text toilets.
OpenWash
Below your
Link hands with soap after
using or cleaning the bathroom.
Clean the toilet at home by using the following materials.
Cleanliness is
next to
Broom Godliness
Bucket Phenol Toilet cleaner
Let us know about professions
Washerman Gold smith Cobbler
Washes and irons clothes. Makes ornaments of gold Mends shoes
Electrician Plumber Porter
Repairs electrical appliances Fits waterpipes and taps Helps carry our luggage
Fisherman Sanitation Worker Soldier
Catches fish and sells them Clean the surroundings Protects the country

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 15

We also find people of many professions who give their services necessary for
the welfare of the society.
Activity Name the professions for the given pictures.
There are many professions which support and help the farmer:
• The Agricultural Officer provides seeds and tools to the farmer at subsidised rates.
• The Electrical Engineer supports by supplying power to the farmer.
• A Bank Manager gives loans at low interests to help the farmer.
• A Tahsildar issues land rights pass books needed to the farmers.
A plate of served rice in our hands is the farmer’s effort and hard work. Thus, we
see that there are many offices which extend their services to help farmers.
During Covid - 19 the sanitation workers acted

as a front line warriors without any fear by
constantly sanitising the areas day and night. We
should salute and respect their selfless service
rendered during such situation.

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m+‘√ nedüs+¡ . For All Classes New Text Books Open Below Link
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 17

professions, institutions, service, florist, plough, green grocer, farmer, tailor,
mason, cobbler, driver, soldier, goldsmith, plumber
• We have different household materials used in different professions.

• We have different professions in our society which help us.
• The government provides different services to the society through different professions.
• All professions are equal, we must respect them.
Improve Your Learning
I. Conceptual Understanding.
1.Name any three professions by which people help us in our daily life.
2.Which professions support a farmer in farming?
3. Write how a plumber helps you.
II. Questioning and Hypothesis.
4. What questions would you like to ask a grocer in your village about his/her profession?
III. Experiments and Field Observations.
5. Visit a cobbler in your village. Observe how he repairs the shoes.
IV. Information Skills and Projects.
6. Collect pictures of tools used by different professionals from newspapers and prepare
a scrap book.
V. Drawing and Model making.
7. Draw and colour the picture of a sickle or any tool in your workbook.
VI. Appreciation.
8. How would you appreciate the services of a scavenger in your village?
9. Look at the pictures and write how you feel about them.

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 19

Chapter For All Classes New Text Books Open Below Link
8
Learning Outcomes
talk about their travel experiences.
identify different transport systems used in different areas.
explain the modes of transports in plain areas.
locate airforce, shipyards on the map of Andhra Pradesh.
Ajith and Manu are friends. Manu lives in Kurnool. She

used to write letters to Ajith whenever she goes on a trip. Ajith
received a letter from Manu regarding her travel. He was very
excited to read the letter written on train journey.
Let us read the letter written by Manu regarding her trip.
Hi Ajith! This is Manu. I want to share my exciting journey

with you. We started from home and reached the railway
station by an auto. The train arrived and I sat by the window
and started looking outside. One thing I noticed was that people putting
big packages of goods in the luggage vans. We travelled through different
places and I got to meet a lot of people.
Is the same means of transportation useful for people and goods?
What is transportation?
The movement of people and goods from one place to another by land, water or air is called
transportation. Generally we use bicycle, bus, car, train, etc to travel from one place to
another.
Let us imagine how our transport system works around us.
Life becomes miserable in the absence of transport system. Isn’t it? Transportation
keeps us comfortable. It is even more surprising to see how the transportation connects
one another.
bÕsƒ¡+ For All Classes New Text Books Open Below Link
8 https://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 21
Is the transport system same in all places?
The transport used in plain areas is different from hilly areas. The means of transport
is based on the physical conditions of the place. Thus we see that the means of transport
used in the hilly regions, forests, deserts, water or snow is entirely different. The
means of transport is also different in urban and rural areas.
1. Transport in plain areas
Look at the following pictures.
• Where do these vehicles move?

The vehicles like cycle, bike, car, lorry, bus etc., move on the road.
Look at the following vehicles
• Where do we find the above kinds of transport?

• Have you ever travelled by these vehicles?
In rural areas, where there is no proper road facilities, villagers use bullock carts,
tractors, horse buggies or tangas to travel from their village to the nearest towns.
2. Transport in hilly areas

In hilly areas people travel on foot paths
only. Animals like donkeys and horses are
used to transport goods in these areas.
We can see this type of transport at Araku
in Alluri Sita Rama Raju district of Andhra
Pradesh. Now-a-days the rope-way is
also used as a way of transport in the
hilly areas.
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 23

3. Transport in Forests
There are no permanentForroads in the
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Tribal people who live in thehttps://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
Nallamalla forest use foot-
path to travel from one place to another. They walk a
long distance to reach the main road to travel in a bus.
People carry particularly the old people or patients in
dolies. The persons who are sick, as well as pregnant
women find it difficult to reach hospitals in time.
4. Transport in deserts
Transport in desert area is limited. Therefore the
primary means of transport is the camel. Camel can walk
easily on the sand. It can also walk long distances
without taking water. Hence the Camel is known as the
ship of the desert.
The hump of the camel helps it to survive in the hot

desert regions without drinking water for weeks.
5. Transport in snowy areas

The polar regions are covered with snow all
through the year. In such regions sledges are
the most common means of transport. In our
country we find the Himalayas covered with
snow. Here people travel on Yak or dolies and
sledges.
6. Transport in rivers and canals

Transport
In Kashmir we see boats moving along the Dal lake. So the boat is the means of
transport. In our state we find this kind of transport service on the rivers of Godavari
and Krishna. There are many Lanka villages (Islands) in the middle of these rivers.
People travel to nearby towns or villages by putti or boats.

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 25

Our future transport

• Do you know how we will travel in future?
Scientists are devoloping high speed bullet trains, water
cars, flying drones to make travel easier and faster.
Ajith, this travel helped me to learn that people of different areas develop their
way of living based on the environment. The language, clothing, food, means of
transport etc., depend on the climatic conditions and availability of sources. India is a
beautiful country with diverse elements. Inspite of all the differences everyone helped
us wherever we travelled with food and accomodation. My father told me that is called
‘Unity in diversity’ which means our country is diverse in many ways yet we are united.
Some vehicles like Tonga cart, Bullock cart etc. are pulled by animals.
Activity
How do we take care of these animals ?

................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
Look at the map of Andhra Pradesh showing Airports and
Activity
Shipyards.

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 27

Fill in the table given below
Airports in A.P (place) Shipyards in A.P (place)
transport, bullock cart, tractor, tonga cart, rope way, dolies, trams, ship of the
desert, sledge, water transport, Tribals, Islands, Goods
• The movement of people and goods from one place to another by land, water or air
is called transportation.
• The means of transport used in different areas like hills, forests, deserts, water,
snow etc varies.
• In rural areas there are no proper road facilities. The villagers use bullock carts,
tractors, horse buggies or tangas to travel from their village to the nearest towns.
• In hilly areas people use rope way to move from one place to the other.
• The most common use of transport for carrying goods in the forests is bullock carts,
elephants etc.
• Camel is the common means of transport in desert.
• Sledge carts are used in snowy areas.
• Boats are the means of water transport.

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 29
1. What are the vehicles used for transport in your village or town?
2. Have you ever travelled by bullock cart? When and where?
3. Why is the camel called the "Ship of the desert"?
4. What questions will you ask to your father about transport facilities to visit your
uncles village.
5.Visit a near by bus station of your locality and collect the information about the in
the number of buses and timing of their bus departure.
6. Collect the pictures of different modes of transport and prepare a scrapbook.
7. Identify any two shipyards on the map of Andhra Pradesh.

VI. Appreciation.
8. How do you feel when you travel in a car and in a bullock cart? Do you find any
difference?

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 31
Chapter For All Classes New Text Books Open Below Link
Learning Outcomes
talk about different modern forms of communication.

differentiate between the ways of communications used in the past and
the present.
understand the advantages of mass communication in the transfer of
information at a global level.
know about communication through post card, cell phone, Internet etc.,
We have learnt in the previous class about how different organisms

communicate with each other. Now we will discuss modern systems of communication
and their usages.
Communication is the process of
expressing ideas and feelings, and the
ways in which we send and receive
information through messages or
news. Communication is of two types.
One-to-one communication, postal
services
We use different ways to carry out
one-to-one communication in our daily
lives. We use postal services as a
means of communication. Post cards
and inland letters are some of the
common mode of communication
around the world.
bÕsƒ¡+ For All Classes New Text Books Open Below Link
9 https://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 33

We should write the address of the receiver on the letter. The address consists of
the following information i.e., Name, Door number, Village, Mandal, District and Pincode.
Activity Observe the following pictures.
Post card Inland letter Envelope
Do this
Write the
address of
your uncle
with pin
code.
• We learnt there are three types of letters.

• Have you written a letter to anyone?
The journey of a letter

Do you know how our letters reach the address?
Let us see
sort out according

write a letter post in the post man
to the address
post box collects the
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 35
reaches the place post man brings the

in a vehicle letter to our home
What is PIN code?

Every post office is given a number Nationwide. This is
called PIN code (Postal index number). This PIN code must
be written along with the address. This helps to identify
the location easily.
Know the PIN code of your village.
Acti vity
Activity
Let us make a toy phone
Material required: 2 Cool drink tins, string, iron nail, hammer.
Method
1. Take a piece of string and the empty cans.
2.Punch a small hole at the bottom of each
can with a nail and put the string to fit
through.
3. Pass the edges of the string through the
holes of the two cans.
4. Tie a knot at the end of the string that is
inside the can.
5. Place the open end of one can over your
ear and ask your partner to speak at the
open end of the other can.

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kÕ∆Hê\≈£î #˚sÃ¡ ≥+ ñ‘·sÔ ê\ |ü+|æDÏ
|æHøé √&é nq>±H˚$T ?
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qT+&ç }&ç sê≈£î+&Ü #˚jT· +&ç.
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s¬ +&Ée &Éu≤“ eT÷‹ì ˙ ùdïVæ≤‘·Tì eT÷‹ e<ä› ñ+#·Tø=ì,
e÷{≤¢&eÉ Tq+&ç.
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 37

Now-a-days we use mobile phones or e-mails to pass on the information quickly. The
different devices we useFor
toAll
communicate are
Classes New Text given
Books below.
Open Below Link
Mobile phones
Through mobile phones we can communicate immediately. Video
and audio conference calls are also available. There are a lot of
apps which render services to us. Games, banking services,
booking travel tickets can be done easily through mobile phones
using the apps.
• What are the other services that can be availed in a cell phone?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
How to talk with others in a phone?

• Greet with hello or good morning.
• Give your name.
• Say please, to hold on / call back later.
• Hold a hand kerchief, if you have to cough or sneeze.
• Say thank you /nice talking to you at the end of a call.
• Say sorry I cannot hear you well. (when the voice is un-clear)
e-mail - a faster transfer of information

An e-mail is a message sent from one computer to another. E-mails can be used for
sending letters, files, photos, videos, documents etc. To send E-mails, we need a computer
or a laptop or a smart phone with internet connection.
Mass Communication
• Are you reading the news paper regularly? What do you find in
the news papers?
• Are you watching news on T.V? How is it useful to you?
Mass communication is the process of exchanging information
through media to large segments of the population. News papers, T.V
and Radio are used in mass communication.

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 39

Let us know about them
News paper : It is a printed paper containing news, articles of opinion,
features, and advertisements. One can get information of the entire
world in the form of print.
Radio: It is an audio communication device. We get news, opinions,
debates etc in the radio. People get hour to hour information during
cyclones and floods.
Television (T.V): It is an audio visual communication device. People
can watch news, movies and many programmes.
Which of the above devices are available in your village?
Advanced communication - social media

You may have seen the following symbols in your father’s mobile. The symbols below
indicate different social media apps. Social media is another technology of
communication which helps us in creating and sharing of information, ideas etc.,
through internet communication and computer.
You have to take some precautions while using mass media. Continuous watching
of mobile phones may damage our eye sight. In the same way continuous listening
of music with ear phones may damage our hearing power.
Activity
Read the given phrases and categorise them into advantages and disadvantages of
modern means of communication.
Lazy improves knowledge not spending time with parents useful for the studies
improves communication skills less interaction with the people reduced reading
books reduces proper communication wasting reading hours can gather
information.
Advantages Disadvantages

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 41

communication, mass communication,
postal services, post card, inland letter, mobile phone,
SMS,
e-mail, internet, newspaper, radio television, social media,
smart phone
• Communication is the process of transfering ideas and feelings from one person to
another.
• Communication is of two types 1. One- to- one communication
2. Mass communication.
• Mobile phone is a device which is used to communicate quickly with each other.
• e-mailing is one of the fastest means of transfer of information now-a-days.
• Mass communication is the process of exchanging information through mass media
to a large segment of the population.
• Newspaper, Radio, Television are the main modes of mass communication.
I. Conceptual Understanding
1. What is the means of communication? How many types of communication are there?
2. Mention the ways for a speedy communication.
3. What are the precautions you should take in the use of mass media?
II. Questioning and Hypothesis
4. What questions would you ask the post master about the postal services?
III. Experiments and Field Observations
5. Visit a nearby post office and observe its services in and write a brief note?
IV. Information Skills and Projects
6. Collect information about the uses of cell phones and display it in your class room.
V. Drawing and Model making
7. Make a cellphone model using clay or cardboard.
VI. Appreciation
8. Write a letter to your friend requesting him to attend a function in your house.
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• uÛ≤e Á|ükÕs¡+ s¬ +&ÉT s¡ø±\T 1. e´øÏ>Ô ‘∑ · uÛ≤eÁ|ükÕs¡+ 2. ãVüQfi¯ düe÷#ês¡ Á|ükÕs¡+.
• ˇø£]‘√ ˇø£sT¡ y˚>+∑ >± dü+uÛ≤wæ+#·≥+ ø√dü+ ñ|üj÷Ó –+#˚ |ü]ø£sy¡ T˚ yÓTTu…˝’ Ÿ bò˛Hé.
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Á|üÁøÏj·T.
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2. y˚>+∑ >± uÛ≤e Á|ükÕs¡+ kÕ–+#·{≤ìøÏ @@ e÷sêZ\THêïjÓ÷ ‘Ó\|ü+&ç.
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8. MT Ç+{ÏøÏ @<Óq’ ˇø£ y˚&TÉ ø£≈î£ s¡eTàì ÄVü‰«ìdü÷Ô ˙ ùdïVæ≤‘·TìøÏ ñ‘·sÔ +¡ sêj·T+&ç.
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 43

Chapter
10
Learning Outcomes
talk about local festivals and jataras.
identify the historical places of Andhra Pradesh.
give examples of famous historical and tourism places.
locate the historical places of Andhra Pradesh in the map.
appreciate the cultural heritage of Andhra Pradesh.
Mutyalu lives in Bandapalli. She went to Paderu

on the occasion of Ugadi to her grandma's house along
with her parents. She wore a new dress and ate Ugadi
pachadi and sweets which were prepared by her
grandmother. She spent the whole day happily with
her friends, and relatives. She received blessings from
her elders.
Next day she returned to her village. While
leaving, her Grandmother invited her to visit again in
the month of May, at the time of the Jatara.
What do you do during festival days?

How do you feel?
We celebrate festivals in our house as well

as in schools. Festivals are of different types. They
are National festivals and religious festivals.

10
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 45

Republic Day and Independence Day are National festivals.
Eruvaka is a harvesting festival. Diwali,
https://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books Christmas, Ramzan
are the religious festivals.
Name some National festivals that

you celebrate in your school.
• Name some festivals that are common in your locality.

• Name some religious festivals which are familiar to you.
Hindus celebrate Ramanavami in the month of March or

April. It is the birthday of Sri Rama. People offer prayers to Rama
and make a jaggery syrup called ‘Panakam’.
Christians celebrate Christmas on the 25th of December

every year. It is the birthday of Jesus Christ. It is believed that
Santa Claus gives gifts and sweets to children.
Muslims celebrate Id - ul - Fitar. People assemble at a

Mosque to pray. They give gifts and alms to the poor. They
greet each other, saying Id Mubarak.
Gurunanak jayanthi is an important festival of the

Sikhs. They go to the Gurudwara and pray. It is the
birthday of Gurunanak who is popularly known as
Guruparab.
Buddha's Jayanthi is an important festival of the

Buddists. It is popularly known as ‘Buddha purnima’.
Which is your favourite festival? Why?

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C≤rj·T |ü+&ÉT>∑\ ù|s¡q¢ T #Ó|Œü +&ç.
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¡ TÓ qÆ |ü+&ÉT>∑\ ù|s¡q¢ T #Ó|Œü +&ç.
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nì ÁbÕeTTK´+ #Ó+~+~.
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 47

People celebrate festivals by serving the poor and
the needy. It gives joy and happiness. “Service to man
is service to God.” https://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
During summer vacation Mutyalu went to her

grandmother's house again. They went to
'Modakondamma Jatara' at Madugula village near
Paderu. Mutyalu had many doubts about this Jatara.
She asked her Mama.
Mutyalu : Mama! What is a Jatara?
Mama : Jatara means a seasonal local temple festival.
Mutyalu : What is the speciality of this Jatara?
Mama : People pray the goddess of Modakondamma. It is one of the biggest
Jatara celebrated by the tribal people of North Andhra. It is a three day
celebration and devotees visit the temple with family and friends. They
cook food in the temple premises itself and offer the deity. People get
together in the Jataras for prayers and recreation.
Activity
Is there any Jatara celebration in your village / district? Discuss with your
friends. Fill in the table.
Name of the village

Name of the Jatara
Name of the Goddess
Date of the Jatara
How jatara is celebrated
Our village our culture

Mutyalu asked her uncle why their village was named Bandapalli? He said, that there
is a big rock (banda)near the village. People believed that the Deity or Goddess visited
the rock during night. They believed that it was a sacred rock and the village is named
after the rock (banda) Bandapalli. This rock was their heritage and the festival was a
tradition. Mutyalu and her Mama made a trip to visit famous places in our state of
Andhra Pradesh. Please come, let us visit along.

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n&ç–+~.
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 49

Historical and tourism places in Andhra Pradesh
Sri Satya Sai District - Lepakshi
The Veerabhadra temple ishttps://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
located at Lepakshi in Sri
Satya Sai district. The temple was built in 1530 by the
brothers Virupannand and Veeranna who were Governors
of the Vijayanagar Empire. The world famous "Nandi"
idol is situated here. The Nandi is called Lepakshi
Basavanna.
YSR Kadapa District - Siddavatam Fort

Siddavatam Fort is located on the banks of the river
Penna. The fort was constructed in 1303 AD in 30-acres
of land. The two gateways stand for the architectural
splendour. The fort is considered as a gateway to
Dakshina Kasi.
Tirupathi District- Chandragiri Fort

Chandragiri fort was built by the Yadavanayaks in the
11th century, under the control of the Vijayanagara
rulers. Inside the fort there are the Raja Mahal and the
Rani Mahal which are well maintained till date, for more
than 300 years.
Kurnool District- Rollapadu

Rollapadu Wild life Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary, It is
a habitat for the great Indian bustard (Battameka
pitta).
Tirupathi District - Satish Dhavan space center of

Indian Space Reasearch Organisation ((I.S.R.O
I.S.R.O
I.S.R.O))
This rocket launching centre is located at Sriharikota near
Pulicat lake. Artificial satellites are sent into space by using
rockets from here.
Nelapattu Flamingo Bird Sanctuary is located at
pulicat lake. Flamingo festival is held every year.

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 51

Prakasam District - Motupalli port
Motupalli was a famous For
seaAllport during
Classes New TextKakatiya period.
Books Open Below Link
Marco Polo was a Portuguese navigator, who visited the
port during the 11th century. The goods like sandal, ivory,
pearls, metals, silk, pepper etc., were exported
throughout the world from this port.
Palnadu District - Amaravati Stupa

The great Amaravati stupa is the ruined Buddhist
monument. Amaravathi and Dharanikota both were
the capital cities of Andhra Sathavahanas. They
followed Buddhism and built Stupas.
N.T.R. District - Kondapalli Fort

Kondapalli Fort is located near Vajayawada, N.T.R.
district. This fort was constructed by Musunuri Nayaks.
After the fall of the Musunuri Nayakas in 1370, the
Reddys of Kondaveedu dynasty occupied the fort. The
village is famous for Kondapalli toys.
Eluru District - Kolleru lake

The Kolleru lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes
in India. It lies between Godavari and Krishna rivers.
Atapaka bird sanctuary is located in Kolleru lake. It
covers 673 square kilometers. The sanctuary protects
many migrated birds such as Pelicans, Siberian cranes,
Paintedstorks etc.
Kakinada District - Coringa

Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Kakinada
district. It is the second largest stretch of mangrove
forests in India. It has different mangrove tree species
and more than 120 bird species. In a mangrove ecosystem
the water bodies of the ocean/sea and the river meet
together at a point.
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eTVü‰ düeTTÁ<ä+˝À q~ ø£*ùd Á|ü<X˚ +¯ .
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 53

Alluri Sita Rama Raju District - Borra caves
The Borra Caves are located on the East Coast of India,
in the Ananthagiri hills of the Araku Valley,
Visakhapatnam district. These caves, are one of the
largest and deepest caves with an elevation of about 705
m. and depth of 80 m. Borra caves were formed as a result
of the Gosthani River on the limestone deposits.
Vizianagaram District - Bobbili Fort

The Bobbili Fort is located in the Vizianagaram district.
It was built during the middle of the 19th century in
Bobbili. It has a historical link to the nearby mud fort of
the same name which was destroyed during the Bobbili
war in 1757 in a fight between the Rajas of Bobbili and
the neighbouring Maharaja of Vizianagaram. The Famous
Bobbili Veena is made by Sarwasiddi craftsmen from
Gollapalli.
Srikakulam District - Telineelapuram
Telineelapuram and Telukunchi Bird Sanctuaries are
located in Srikakulam district. Every year, over 3,000
pelicans and painted storks visit from Siberia to these
villages during September and stay until March. We feel
proud of our glorious culture and heritage.
We must preserve our great culture and appreciate its importance.
jatara, culture, historical, deity, harvest, festival, port
• We celebrate National, Regional and Local Festivals.

• Lepakshi is an example of Vizianagara architecture style.
• Siddavatam, Udayagiri, Bobbili, Chandragiri and Kondapalli forts are our historical
glorious forts.
• Rollapadu, Telineelapuram, Telukunchi, Kolleru are our bird sanctuaries.
• The Amaravati Stupa is a symbol of our religious culture.
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 55

Improve Yourhttps://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
Learning
1. Name some festivals that you celebrate in your village.
2. Name the national festivals you celebrate in your school.
3. What places would you like to visit ?
4. What questions will you ask your teacher to know about the purpose of a bird
sanctuary?
5. Visit the holy places in your village. Write your findings.
6. Prepare a list of historical places in your surrounding villages/mandal.
(Ask your parents for information)
7. Draw on a chart representing festivals like a lamp for Diwali, a tree for Christmas
and a half moon for Ramzan.
VI. Appreciation.
8. Have you ever seen a Jatara? What makes you happy in the event ?

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 57

Chapter https://bit.ly/all-classes-new-text-books
11
Learning Outcomes
locate the address of their house.
understand the maps of the village, mandal, district, state, country
and their boundaries.
identify the continents and oceans on the globe.
understand the geographical structure of the earth and its diversity.
Let us read the phone conversation between Latha and Charitha
Hello Charitha!
Please give me
your address. I want to
send a gift for your
birthday?
Sure! Thank you so much Latha.

This is my address. D.No:18-1-453,
Pedda veedhi, Donubai (village)
Seetampeta (mandal), Parvathipuram
Manyam Dist., Andhra Pradesh, INDIA,
Pin Code:532460

11
$<ë´s¡Tú\T #˚jT· >∑*π>$ .....
yê] Ç+{Ï ∫s¡THêe÷qT >∑T]ÔkÕÔsT¡ .
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≈£î+≥THêïqT.
ø£è‘·»‘„ \· T. ‘·|Œü ≈£î+&Ü #ÓbÕÔ \‘·!

Hê ∫s¡THêe÷, Ç+{Ï HÓ+ãs¡T :18-1-453,
ô|<äM› ~Û, <√qTu≤jYT (Á>±eT+)
d”‘+· ù|≥ (eT+&É\+), bÕs¡«r|ü⁄s¡+èTq´+ õ˝≤¢.
Ä+Á<ÛÁä |ü<X˚ Ÿ, uÛ≤s¡‘<· X˚ +¯ .
|æHøé √&é : 532460
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 59

Do you know the postal address of your friend? Let’s discuss.
Prepare a list of addresses of your classmates with pin code.

Village
We live in different places depending on our needs and demands. People living together
in a particular place is called a village. A village constitutes a group of people settled
together in a small area.
You just remember the boundaries of your village. Now let us see the map of
Charita's village Donubai
North
Mutyalu Village
West East
Malli Village Pineapple Gardens
South
Sumbhum Village

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eTq+ #˚<ë›+
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dü+uÛ+Ñ Á>±eT+
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 61

I am Charitha. I live in Donubai village of Seethampeta mandal,
SrikakulamFor
district. The
All Classes boundaries
New of my
Text Books Open village
Below Link are hills and pineapple
gardens located to the East, Malli village to the West, and the Muthyalu
village to the North and Sambham village to the South.
Think and Discuss
What is the name of your village?

What are the boundaries to your village?
East ……………………………….. West ……………………………………..
North ……………………………… South …………………………………….
Donubai village is located in the Seetampeta mandal. A mandal consists of a group of

villages.
North
Seethampeta Mandal Map
East
West
South
The boundaries of Seethampeta mandal are - Kothuru mandal to the East,

Palakonda mandal to the West, Bhamini mandal to the North and Burja mandal to the
South.
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 63
Think and Discuss
What is the name of your mandal?

What are the boundaries of your mandal?
East ……………………………….. West ……………………………………...
North ……………………………… South …………………………………….
Present Seetampeta Mandal is in the district of Parvathipuram-Manyam. As

we have villages in a mandal, so too there are many mandals in a district.
Erstwhile Srikakulam District Map
The boundaries of Srikakulam district are - Bay of Bengal to the East,

Vizianagaram district to the West, Odisha to the North and Vizianagaram district to
the South.
Think and Discuss
What is the name of your district?

What are the boundaries of your district?
East ……………………………….. West ……………………………………...

North ……………………………… South …………………………………….

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 65

Srikakulam district is located in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Andhra Pradesh is our State. Amaravati is the capital city of Andhra Pradesh.
The boundaries of Andhra Pradesh are - Bay of Bengal to the East, Karnataka state to
the West, Odisha, Telangana and Chhattisgarh states to the North and Tamilnadu to
the south of the state. The state of Andhra Pradesh has 26 districts. It occupies the
seventh place in the country, in terms of area.
Some villages together form a mandal. Mandals together form a district and
some districts together form a State.
Districts in Andhra Pradesh and their Headquarters
Srikakulam Srikakulam Guntur Guntur

Parvathipuram Parvathipuram Palnadu Narsaraopeta
Vizianagaram Vizianagaram Bapatla Bapatla
Visakhapatnam Visakhapatnam Prakasam Ongole
Anakapalli Anakapalli SPSR Nellore Nellore
Alluri Sita Rama Raju Paderu Tirupathi Tirupathi
Kakinada Kakinada Chittoor Chittoor
Dr.B.R. Ambedhkar Annamayya Rayachoti
Konaseema Amalapuram YSR-Kadapa Kadapa
East Godavari Rajahmundry Sri Satya Sai Puttaparthi
West Godavari Bhimavaram Anantapur Anantapur
Eluru Eluru Kurnool Kurnool
Krishna Machilipatnam Nandyala Nandyala
N.T.R. Vijayawada

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Districts in Andhra Pradesh and their Headquarters
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 67

Some states together form a
country. India is our country. India's
capital city is New Delhi. Geographically
India is comprised into 28 states and 9 Andhra Pradesh Amaravati
union territories. India occupies the 7th Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar
place in terms of area and second place Assam Dispur
in terms of population in the world. Bihar Patna
Chhattisgarh Raipur
Goa Panaji
Gujarat Gandhinagar
Haryana Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh Shimla
Jharkhand Ranchi
Karnataka Bengaluru
Kerala Thiruvananthapuram
Madhya Pradesh Bhopal
Maharashtra Mumbai
Manipur Imphal
Meghalaya Shillong
Mizoram Aizawl
Nagaland Kohima
Odisha Bhubaneswar
Punjab Chandigarh
Rajasthan Jaipur
Sikkim Gangtok
Tamil Nadu Chennai
Telangana Hyderabad
Tripura Agartala
Uttar Pradesh Lucknow
Think and Discuss
Uttarakhand Dehradun
West Bengal Kolkata
What is the name of your country?

What are the boundaries of your country?
East ……………………………….. West ……………………………………...
North ……………………………… South …………………………………….
Some Countries together form a continent.

The Earth is covered with three parts of water and one part of land. The land
portion on the Earth is divided into seven continents. The earth, together with all of
its continents makes the world.
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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 69

Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, South America and Antarctica are
the seven continents of the Earth.
Look at the map and observe the sizes. Write the answers with the help of your
teacher
Which is the largest continent? ………………………….
Which is the smallest continent? ………………………….
South America is known as

the Bird’s continent.
The water portion on the Earth is divided into five oceans

They are Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean and Antarctic
Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the deepest ocean.

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 71
The Earth is covered with dense forests like the Amazon, huge mountains like
the Himalayas, vast deserts like the Sahara and deep oceans like the Pacific.
Amazon forest Himalayan mountain Sahara desert Pacific ocean

Colour and label
label,, the Continents [brown colour] and Oceans [blue colour] in the given
map
map..
The livelihood of the people across the world depends on the climatic conditions
of the Earth.
Let us see the geographical structure of the earth in a flow chart
Home → Village → Mandal → District

→
Solar system → World → Country → State
Fill in the table given below.
My Home My Village My Mandal

................................ ................................ ................................
My District My State My Country

................................ ................................ ................................

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 73

Charitha made a call to Reshma who lives in America to greet her on her birthday.

Charitha : Hi Reshma ! Happy birthday. What are you doing?

Reshma : Thank you Reshma. We are sitting under the moon light and talking.
Charitha : Moon light ! Is it night for you there?
Think and Discuss
Why is there a difference in the day and night between

India and America?
The Earth revolves around the sun and also rotates on its axis.
The movement of the earth on its axis is called Rotation.. It takes twenty four
hours to rotate on its axis. The movement of the earth around the sun is called
Revolution.. It takes 365¼ days to
move around the sun. The rotation
of the earth causes day and night.
The Earth moves around the Sun.
While moving, the part of the Earth
that faces the Sun has day and the
part away from the Sun has night.
So, the place where Charitha
lives is day and the place where
Reshma lives is night.

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 75

While watching the moon Reshma found the shape of the Moon to be like a bowl.
She also found that the stars are in groups with different patterns.
She asked her uncle, When will the moon look round?
He suggested her to watch and draw the shape of the moon for 15 days.
Her observations are as follows.
At the time of her observations she also found some patterns of the stars.
A group of stars that appear to form a

pattern or picture is called a constellation.
Reshma sent her drawing to her cousin Charita and asked her to observe the
moon. Charita's observations are as follows:
They found that the shape of the moon
was changing day by day.These changes of
the moon are known as the phases of the
moon. If at night the moon is completely
round and bright, that is the full moon day
(Pournami) and the night where we do not
see the moon at all is the no moon day
(Amavasya).

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Äj·Tq 15 s√E\ bÕ≥T Á|ü‹s√p #·+Á<äTì >∑eTì+∫, <ëì Äø±sêìï ∫Á‹dü÷Ô ñ+&ÉeTì dü\Vü‰ Ç#êÃ&ÉT. ÄyÓT ‘·q
|ü]o\qqT sT÷ ÁøÏ+~ $<Û+ä >± ∫Á‹+∫+~.
#·+Á<äTì |ü]o*+∫q düeTj·T+˝À, sπ wüà qø£Áå ‘ê\ >∑T+|ü⁄\ Äø±sê\qT ≈£L&Ü |ü]o*+∫+~.
qø£Áå ‘ê\T >∑T+|ü⁄\T>± ˇø£ Äø±s¡+˝À neT] ñ+{≤sTT. Ä Äø±sê\qT
qø£Áå ‘· ≈£L≥$T ˝Ò<ë qø£Áå ‘· sê• n+{≤s¡T.
sπ wüà ‘êqT ^dæq ∫Á‘êìï #·]‘·≈î£ |ü+|æ, ‘·qq÷ #·+Á<äTì

|ü]o*+#·eTì ø√]+~. #·]‘· |ü]o\q øÏ+~ $<Û+ä >± ñqï~.
M]<äs› ÷¡ #·+Á<äTì Äø±s¡+ s√Es√E≈£L e÷s¡T‘√+<äì
ø£qT>=Hêïs¡T. á e÷s¡TŒ\qT #·+Á<ä <äX\¯ T n+{≤s¡T. sêÁ‹y˚fi¯
#·+Á<äT&ÉT |üP]Ô>± >∑T+Á&É+>± ø£ì|æùdÔ Äs√EqT bÂs¡$í T nì, #·+Á<äT&ÉT
ø£ì|æ+#·ì s√EqT ne÷yêdü´ nì n+{≤s¡T.
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 77

postal address, pincode, boundaries, continent, climate
• People live in different areas depending on their needs and demands.

• The Earth is covered with three parts of water and one part of land.
• The land portion on the Earth is divided into seven continents.
• Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, South America and
Antarctic are the seven continents of the Earth.
• The water portion on the Earth is divided into five oceans.
• They are Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean and
Antarctic Ocean.
• The two movement of the Earth are rotation and revolution.
1. How many continents are there on the Earth? What are they?
2. Name the oceans on the Earth?
3. What is rotation? What is revolution?
4. Aruna wants to visit Vijay's home. What questions should she ask to reach his home?
5. Visit your village gram panchayat office and observe the functions and write a brief
note.
6. Draw a map from your home to the school.
7. Draw the oceans and continents on a chart and colour them.
VI. Appreciation.
8. Write two slogans to save the Earth.

ø°\ø£ |ü<ë\T
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]Vü≤<äT\› T, K+&É+, o‘√wüdí ‹úæ , yÓ$’ <ä´+.

• Á|ü»\T ‘·eT nedüsê\ ì$T‘·+Ô y˚sT¡ y˚sT¡ Á|ü<X˚ Ê\˝À J$düTHÔ êïs¡T.
• uÛ÷Ñ >√fi¯+ô|’ eT÷&ÉT e+‘·T\ ˙s¡T, ˇø£ e+‘·T uÛ÷Ñ uÛ≤>∑+ ñHêïsTT.
• uÛ÷Ñ uÛ≤>±ìï 7 K+&Ü\T>± $uÛõÑ +#ês¡T.
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• uÛ÷Ñ $T ô|ì’ »\ uÛ≤>±ìï 5 eTVü‰ düeTTÁ<ë\T>± $uÛõÑ +#ês¡T.
• |üd|æ øæò ˘ eTVü‰düeTTÁ<ä+, n{≤¢+{Ïø˘ eTVü‰düeTTÁ<ä+, Væ≤+<ä÷ eTVü‰düeTTÁ<ä+, Ä]ÿ{Ïø˘ eTVü‰düeTTÁ<ä+ eT]j·TT <äøD
åÏ eTVü‰
düeTTÁ<ä+. Ç$ uÛ÷Ñ $Tô|q’ Tqï eTVü‰ düeTTÁ<ë\T.
• uÛ÷Ñ $T jÓTTø£ÿ s¬ +&ÉT ø£<* ä ø£\T ÁuÛeÑ TD+, |ü]ÁuÛeÑ TD+.
1. uÛ÷Ñ $Tô|’ mìï K+&Ü\THêïsTT? n$ @$?
2. uÛ÷
Ñ $T ô|ì’ eTVü‰düeTTÁ<ë\T mìï? n$ @$?
3. uÛ÷Ñ ÁuÛeÑ TD+ nq>± H˚$T ? uÛ÷Ñ |ü]ÁuÛeÛÑ TD+ nq>± H˚$T ?
Á|ü•ï+#·&É+ ` |ü]ø£\Œq\T #˚j·T&É+
4. ns¡TD $»jYT Ç+{ÏøÏ yÓfi≤fl\qT≈£îqï~. ÄyÓT Ä ∫s¡THêe÷≈£î #˚s&¡ +É ø√dü+ @j˚T Á|üXï¯ \T n&ÉT>∑T‘·T+~?
5. MT Á>±eT+˝Àì Á>±eT |ü+#êsTTrøÏ yÓ[fl, nø£ÿ&É »]π> |üqT\qT >∑T]+∫ ≈£î|¢ +Ôü >± sêj·T+&ç.
6. MT Ç+{Ï qT+&ç dü÷ÿ\T≈£î s√&é e÷´|tqT ^j·T+&ç.
7. #ês¡Tôº |’ K+&Ü\T, eTVü‰düeTTÁ<ë\‘√ ≈£L&çq Á|ü|+ü #· |ü≥+ ^dæ s¡+ >∑T\T ~<ä+› &ç.
Á|üX¯+dü
8. uÛ÷Ñ $Tì dü+s¡ø+åÏ #·&ÜìøÏ s¬ +&ÉT ìHê<ë\T sêj·T+&ç.
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 79
Glossary
1. Siblings = brothers and sisters in a family (‘√ãT≥Tºe⁄\T)
2. Nuclear family = Family with mother, father and children (∫qï ≈£î≥T+ã+)
3. Joint family = Family with grandparents, parents, uncles, aunts and
cousins. (ñeTà&ç ≈£î≥T+ã+)
4. Single parent family = Family with mother or father and children
(neTà ˝Ò<ë Hêqï e÷Á‘y· T˚ ñqï ≈£î≥T+ã+)
5. Features = characteristics (\ø£D å ≤\T)
6. Swampy place = Wet land or marshy (∫‘·Ô&H ç \˚ )
7. Aquatic plants = plants living in water (˙{Ï yÓTTø£ÿ\T)
8. Ingredients = substances used to make a particular dish (~qTdüT\T)
9. Photosynthesis = process of preparing food in plants (øÏ s ¡ D »q´
dü+jÓ÷´>∑ÁøÏj·T)
10. Secretion = substances that are produced and discharged from the
cell (ÁkÕe+)
11. Nocturnal = active at night. (ìXÊ#·sT¡ \T)
12. Hygiene = cleanliness (|ü]X¯óÁuÛÑ‘·)
13. Disability = a physical or mental condition that limits a persons
movement. (XÊØs¡ø£˝Ò<ë e÷qdæø£ ˝À|ü+)
14. Recipe = directions for cooking (e+≥ø£+ ‘·j÷ · Ø $<Ûëq+)
15. Habits = practice or routine (n\yê≥T¢)
16. Process = series of action ($<Ûëq+)
17. Sprinkle = Applying water in a controlled manner.
(#·\T¢≥)
18. Chlorination = the process of adding chlorine compounds to water to kill
germs (˙{Ï˝À dü÷ø£àå Je⁄\qT #·+|ü⁄≥≈£î ø√¢]Hé ø£\T|ü⁄≥)
19. Ground water = The water present beneath earth’s surface.
(uÛÑ÷>∑s¡“¤»˝≤\T)

20. Filtration = a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases.
(e&Éb˛j·TT≥)
21. Decantation = process to separate mixtures from precipitate.
(y˚s¡T|üs¡#·T≥)
22. Chemical = a distinct compound or substance (s¡kÕj·Tq+)
23. Evaporation = the process of turning from liquid into water. (Ä$s¡e&É+)
24. Institution = An organization (dü+düú)
25. Service = To offer a work (ùde)
26. Florist = One who sells flowers (|üP\T ny˚Tàyê&ÉT)
27. Green grocer = One who sells vegetables (≈£Ls¡>±j·T\T ny˚Tàyê&ÉT)
28. Rural transport = Transport in villages (Á>±e÷˝À¢ s¡yêD≤)
29. Bullock cart = the cart pulled by bullocks (m&É¢ ã+&ç)
30. Tonga cart = the cart pulled by horse (>∑TÁs¡|ü⁄ ã+&ç)
31. Transportation = arrangement to move people for one place to another
(s¡yêD≤)
32. Sledges = carts pulled by dogs on the snow (eT+#·T Á|ü<X˚ Ê˝À¢ ≈£îø£ÿ\T
˝≤π> ã+&ÉT¢)
33. Internet = networks of computers around the globe (n+‘·sê®\+)
34. Historical place = a place represents past culture, tradition, monuments
etc. (#ê]Á‘·ø£ Á|ü<˚X¯+)
35. Fort = a place where a king lives and rules (ø√≥)
36. Sacred Place = holy place of a particular religion (|ü$Á‘·yTÓ q
Æ dü\ú +)
37. Port = the place where ships load and unload their cargo.
(z&É\T ì\T|ü⁄ dü\ú +)
38. Mangroves = shrubs or small trees that grow in coastal saline or
brackish water. (eT&É n&Ée⁄\T)
39. Boundaries = dividing lines (dü]Vü≤<äT›\T)
40. Continent = one are several land masses on the earth. (K+&É+)
41. Perseverance = continued effort to do (|ü≥Tº<\
ä )
42. Tankbunds = enclosure that surrounds a tank (ø£s¡ø£≥º)
‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 81

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‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 83

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For All Classes New Text Books Open Below Link

Smt. Vetriselvi. K IAS

Dr. B. Pratap Reddy MA., B.Ed., Ph.D.

Sri K. Ravindranath Reddy MA., B.Ed.

Dr. K. Sreeramulu Prof. (Retd.) Dr. R. Pardhasaradhi

Dr. N. Upendar Reddy Prof. (Retd.) Dr. P. Vinay Kumar Principal,

Dr. V. Raghava Rao Lecturer (Retd.)

Published by Samagra Shiksha, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati.

First Published 2020

All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be

This book has been printed on 70 G.S.M. SS Maplitho

Free distribution by Samagra Shiksha, Government of Andhra Pradesh

DTP & Designing

Dr. B. Pratap Reddy

Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka jaya he Èq>·DeTq n~óHjáT¿£ ÈjáTV²!

1) Conceptual Understanding : Children should understand the different concepts given

2) Questioning and Hypothesis: Children should be able to question about the

7. Professions and Services 9 November 02-19

Teacher corner Student corner

‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 1

2 Class - 4 Our World

nuÛ´Ñ düq |ò*ü ‘ê\T

People do different kinds of works for their livelihood. The

4 Class - 4 Our World

øÏ+~ ∫Á‘ê\qT |ü]o*+#·+&ç

ã÷≥T¢ bÕ©wt }&˚Ã Áãwt

‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 5

Let us see how the tools are used by the farmer

Tailor -The Designer

6 Class - 4 Our World

m&Éã¢ +&ç |æøÄ˘ ø˘‡

¬s’‘·T\T á |üìeTT≥¢qT m˝≤ ñ|üjÓ÷–düTÔHêïs√ ‘Ó\TdüT≈£î+<ë+

‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 7

For All Classes New Text Books Open Below Link

Threads Machine Scissors Bobbins

Scale & Markers Machine Oil Needle Measuring Tape

Mason - The Constructor

The tools used by the mason

Spirit Level Square trowel Try Square Saw

Spade Trowel Plumbob Saw machine

Hammer Iron Head Pan Water level pipe Tape

8 Class - 4 Our World

<ësê\T ≈£î≥Tº$TwüHé ø£‘sÔÓ ¡ u≤_Hé\T

ùdÿ\T, e÷s¡ÿsY $TwüHé ÄsTT˝Ÿ dü÷~ fÒ|⁄ü

‘ê|” y˚TÅd”Ô ` >∑èVü≤ ìsêà‘·

Á<äeeT≥º+ sπ ≈£î ‘ê|” eT÷\eT≥º+ s¡+|ü+

bÕs¡ ‘ê|” ‘·÷ø£+ <ës¡+ #·Te«\Tø√ùd $TwüHé

düT‹Ô u§#ÓÃ / >∑yT˚ ˝≤ ˙{ÏeT≥º+ ô||’ ⁄ü fÒ|⁄ü

For All Classes New Text Books Open Below Link

Different Professionals in our daily life

This is Gopal. He is a milk man. This is Mounika. She is a

This is John. He is a chemist. This is Basha. He is a grocer. He sells

10 Class - 4 Our World

eTq ì‘·´ J$‘·+˝Àì $$<Ûä eè‹Ô ì|ü⁄DT\T

¬s’‘·T\T ‘êeTT |ü+&ç+∫q ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\T ¨˝Ÿùd˝Ÿ

‘·s>¡ ‹∑ ` 4 eTq Á|ü|+ü #·+ 11

He takes the soft clay and rolls

• Who cleans the toilets in your school?

Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka jaya he Èq>·DeTq n~óHjáT¿£ ÈjáTV²!