2019년 수능특강 영어 21~25강 변형문제 3단계: 어휘양자택일 정답지 <올바른선생님연합> 고등부 출제위원 Kate J 선생님

21-1 21-2
The scientific possibility that human activities Sustainability can be seen as balancing three
might [protect / cause] significant wanning of the kinds of capital value - social, material and
earth’s atmosphere has been recognized since the natural. Natural capital includes [biography /
19th century. That this might be important biodiversity] at all its levels. Material capital
practically was first signalled by James Hansen consists of money, and built and [captured /
and his colleagues in a 1981 paper in which manufactured] objects. Social capital is invested in
they [contradicted /predicted] that anthropogenic health, education and social organisation Three
warming should begin to be detectable over and major branches of science inform our
above natural climate [profitability / variability] understanding of these issues: ecology, economics
by the end of the 20th century. At the time of and politics. Much of the challenge in sustainable
publication ， 1 was a civil servant in the then development demands the [legitimation /
Department of Energy. 1 recall Bill Burroughs, a reformation] of relationships between the three.
colleague, and ex-scientist like myself, mentioning The natural environment is frequently ignored or
this paper over lunch. Bill had been a researcher [underestimated / overestimated] in much
in atmospheric physics and has since economic and political analysis. Particular
[distinguished / published] a number of popular decisions might be supported by cost-benefit
science books on the weather and climate. We analysis but future costs arising from damage to
could see that this forecast of climate change natural capital are often [ignored / considered].
might be the beginning of something important, Political systems frequently favour such flawed
although when it might begin to impact on policy decision-making because it offers seemingly good
thinking was hard to guess. value to the beneficiaries. Environmental
* anthropogenic 인간에 의해 야기된 [degradation / elevation] generally occurs because
a powerful lobby is getting something for
- 정답 : cause / predicted / variability / published nothing.

- 오답 : protect 보호하다 / contradict 모순되다 - 정답 : biodiversity / manufactured / reformation

/ profitability 수익성 / distinguished 구별하다 / underestimated 과소평가하다 / ignored /
degradation

- 오답 전기
: biography / captured포착하다 /
legitimation 정당화 / overestimated 과대평가하다
/ considered 고려하다 / elevation 승격

※올바른선생님연합의 모든 자료는 비영리 목적으로 선생님 및 학생 모두 활용할 수 있습니다.

 2019년 수능특강 영어 21~25강 변형문제 3단계: 어휘양자택일 정답지
21-3
In a 2008 National Geographic artic1e, Verlyn
Klinkenborg noted, “Of all the pollutions we face,
light pollution is perhaps the most easily
remedied." Returning the night sky to its
[manmade / natural] state is as simp1e as
thoughtful placement of outdoor lighting: putting
light where it’s needed and darkening areas where
it’s not. Solutions are available and possible to
[implement / impress]. Moreover, these solutions
are guided by principles and technology that save
energy, conserve resources, and [degrade / restore]
ecosystems. Light pollution is controlled by
maximizing efficiency, improving security, and
creating a more aesthetically pleasing nocturnal
environment. When we eliminate [unnecessary /
necessary] light at night in our communities, we
also conserve resources, lower costs, and improve
the quality of life. If only the other serious
environmental issues [conforming / confronting]
the globe were this easy and rewarding to solve!
* nocturnal 야간의
- 정답 : natural / implement / restore
직면하다
unnecessary / confronting
- 오답 : manmade 인공의 / impress 인상을 갖게
하다 / degrade 저하시키다 / necessary 필요한 /
conforming 순응하다
※올바른선생님연합의 모든 자료는 비영리 목적으로 선생님 및 학생 모두 활용할 수 있습니다.
<올바른선생님연합> 고등부 출제위원 Kate J 선생님
21-4
Captive breeding programs and laws such as the
Endangered Species Act are a kind of first aid
measure in global efforts to [devastate / protect]
species. They can be thought of as emergency
measures needed to preserve the planet’s
biodiversity. They’re similar to the kinds of
[treatment / compliment] a heart attack patient
receives in an emergency room of a hospital. An
emergency room physician may save a patient
suffering from a heart attack, but unless the
patient diets, exercises, [quits / continues]
smoking, and learns to handle stress, he or she is
not likely to survive very long. By the same
token, emergency measures are not enough to
[falsify / ensure] a diverse, biologically rich
world. To achieve this goal, preventive measures
are needed. Like other environmental problems,
this one can be [handled / handed in] by slowing,
even halting, the growth of the human population
and a fundamental redesign of human systems
such as agriculture, energy, industry, and waste
management.
/ * captive breeding ( 야생 동물의 포획 사육
)
- 정답 : protect / treatment / quits / ensure /
handled 다루다
-오답 파괴하다 / compliment 칭찬 /
: devastate
계속하다
continue 위조하다 / handed in
/ falsify
제출하다
 2019년 수능특강 영어 21~25강 변형문제 3단계: 어휘양자택일 정답지
22-1
Killer whales have been [served / observed] in all
oceans and seas, but are more prevalent in the
coastal waters at higher latitudes. Although
reported in both tropical and offshore waters,
killer whales prefer colder and more [destructive /
productive] waters of both hemispheres, and are
found in greatest abundances at high latitudes.
Along the West Coast of North America, killer
whales occur in British Columbia and Washington
inland waterways along the entire Alaskan coast.
They also occur along the outer coasts of
California, Oregon, and Washington. Killer whales
are black with white [underparts / counterpars].
There is a white spot on each side of the head,
just above and in back of the eye. Their dorsal
fins are sharply triangular and very tall, reaching
up to 6 feet in height. Killer whales can reach
up to 31 feet in [weight / length]. Like sperm
whales, killer whales are unusual among cetaceans
in that males reach a much larger size than
females.
물고기나 동물의 등에 있는
* dorsal ( ) / viewer].
* cetacean고래목의 동물
- 정답 : observed / productive / underparts /
length
- 오답 제공하다 / destructive 파괴적인
: served
/ counterparts상대 / weight 무게
※올바른선생님연합의 모든 자료는 비영리 목적으로 선생님 및 학생 모두 활용할 수 있습니다.
<올바른선생님연합> 고등부 출제위원 Kate J 선생님
22-2
If you kept a list of things [conserved /
observed] in the sky, it might include birds,
smoke, clouds, rainbows, halos, lightning, stars,
the Moon, the Sun, and comets. One of the first
ideas that might occur to you is that the sky has
depth. Some things in it appear closer, and some
appear farther away. Why? [Perspective /
prospective]! From everyday experiences you
know that c10ser objects block your view of
more distant objects. For example, if you hold
your hand in front of your eyes, you cannot see
a more distant tree Therefore, if a bird flying by
blocks your view of a cloud, you logically
[conclude / questioned] that the bird is closer to
you than the c1oud. Then you see a cloud move
“ in front of" the Sun, and you conclude that the
cloud is [farther / closer] to you than the Sun.
Or perhaps you see a solar eclipse, and you
conclude that the Moon is closer to you than the
Sun. In this way, all of the objects on your list
could be put in order of distance from a [subject
- 정답 : observed / perspective / conclude /
보는사람
closer / viewer
- 오답 : conserved 보존하다 / prospective 전망 /
questioned 의문을 제시하다 / farther 더 먼 /
subject 피실험자
 2019년 수능특강 영어 21~25강 변형문제 3단계: 어휘양자택일 정답지
22-3
Photosynthesis is considered by many to be the
most important [psychological / biological] process
on Earth. Photosynthesis involves the highest
energy processes of life; it is the process where
(by far) most of the energy in our ecosystem is
[captured / nurtured]. All other biological
processes are exergonic (they lose the energy
captured by photosynthesis) - and thus all other
processes involve [less / more] energy than
photosynthesis. It is also the process where, by
far, the most energy in our ecosystem is lost. In
fact, photosynthetic organisms dissipate (dump
purposely) a large part of absorbed light energy
to prevent the buildup of reactive oxygen species
(intermediates of photosynthesis) that can [benefit
/ damage] the plant. At full sunlight, regulatory
dissipation can involve more than 75% of
absorbed light energy. Consequently, typical
agricultural crops [restore / store] only about 1 %
of their absorbed solar energy in the form of
biomass.
*dissipate 산일시키다 소멸시키다 .
**exergonic 에너지 방출성의
- 정답 : biological / captured / less / damage /
store
- 오답 : psychological 심리적인 / nurtured 양육
하다 / more 더 많은 / benefit 이익이 되다 /
restore 회복하다
※올바른선생님연합의 모든 자료는 비영리 목적으로 선생님 및 학생 모두 활용할 수 있습니다.
<올바른선생님연합> 고등부 출제위원 Kate J 선생님
22-4
Amateur scientists and independent scholars
played an important role in the growth of modem
science (Joseph Priestley and Gregor Mendel are
two good examples), but today almost all
scientists have Ph.D.’s and academic or industry
[generation / affiliation]. Funding is provided by
public granting agencies, like the NSF or NIH in
the United States, as well as private institutes and
corporations, each with their own agendas and
[responsibilities / vulnerability]. Research is
[evaluated / elevated] for publication through a
deliberative system of peer review and then
disseminated in highly specialized professional
journals. In many fields a research article will
have more than twenty authors, [disappeared /
arranged] hierarchically like film credits. Like the
movies produced by a Hollywood studio, or the
laws enacted by a legislative body, scientific
knowledge is the product of a [simple / complex]
social web.
* disseminate 유포하다 퍼뜨리다 .
- 정답 : affiliation / responsibilities / evaluated /
arranged / complex
- 오답 : generation 세대 / vulnerability 최약성 /
elevated격상하다 / disappeared 사라지다 /
simple 단순한
 2019년 수능특강 영어 21~25강 변형문제 3단계: 어휘양자택일 정답지
23-1
Coaches must understand that when they make a
[analogy / strategy] decision, it is a good or bad
decision at the time it is made based on the
players' abilities ， the situation, and the
percentages, not on whether the play was
successful or unsuccessful! Coaches make
decisions based on all the factors [useless /
available] to them, and then the players have to
execute the play called by the coach. How the
players perform their skills on a particular play
has [nothing / a lot] to do with the wisdom of
the coach’s decision. The coach must make his
decision [after / before] he knows how the
players will perform (known as first guessing),
but the fans, parents, and media have the luxury
of waiting until a play is over and then
determining if the decision was a good or bad
one (known as second guessing). Fans, parents,
and the media are therefore never [right / wrong]
on a strategy decision!
- 정답: stategy / available / nothing / before /
wrong
-오답 : analogy 비유 / useless 쓸모없는 / a lot
많이 / after ~한 후에 / right 옳은
※올바른선생님연합의 모든 자료는 비영리 목적으로 선생님 및 학생 모두 활용할 수 있습니다.
<올바른선생님연합> 고등부 출제위원 Kate J 선생님
23-2
Clearly, there are times when it is [superficial /
beneficial] to focus narrowly and others when a
wider focus is preferable. For example, tennis
players must be able to focus narrowly on the
ball but also use a broad focus to [abolish /
establish] which way the opponent is moving -
and hence to plan their next stroke Similarly, it
is sometimes important to focus 00 ourselves and
other times more important to be able to focus
on [external / internal] events. For example, a
rugby forward might maintain an internal focus in
a scrum to be sure he was pushing effectively
but an external focus to follow the direction of
the ball. Effective [offenders / attenders] are those
who can rapidly switch the direction and width of
their attention and who do not easily become
overloaded by information. Effective attention is
beneficial in all sports. However, success in some
sports is particularly [associated / appreciated]
with a particular attentional skill. For example,
karateka particularly values a broad external focus
(called zanshin), which allows the fighter to
[reject / detect] an attack from any direction.
- 정답 : beneficial / establish / external /
attenders / associated / detect
-오답 추상적인 / abolish 폐기하다
: superficial
내적인
/ internal 공격자 / appreciated
/ offenders
감상하다 거절하다
/ reject
 2019년 수능특강 영어 21~25강 변형문제 3단계: 어휘양자택일 정답지 <올바른선생님연합> 고등부 출제위원 Kate J 선생님

23-3~4 똑똑히 보이는

* conspicuous
Boomerang throwing has few equals as an **whittle 조금씩 깍다
individual sport. Being an unusual type of
activity, it serves admirably as a hobby. I have - 정답 : familiar / interesting / obtained /
never known a person to become [frustrated / satisfaction / experience / worth / tempted /
familiar] with the art of the boomerang and not different
be caught in the irresistible sweeping tide of its
appeal. But there is an aspect of the boomerang - 오답 좌절스러운 지루한
: frustrated / boring /
that plays a most conspicuous role in its appeal 망가뜨리다
broken 불만족 / dissatisfaction /
– the making of the boomerang is as [boring / 설명하다
explain 가치없는 / worthless / bothered
interesting] as the throwing. In fact the making 방해하다 같은
/ the same
and the throwing are inseparably related in the
full enjoyment of the pastime. There is pleasure
in throwing a boomerang that is purchased or
[obtained / broken] from someone else, but it is
in no respect comparable to the joy and thrill
that results in handling one which you yourself
have made. All the time the boomerang is being
whittled, you are looking forward to throwing it -
constantly in your mind is the question, “Will it
come back?" And when the last chip has been
removed, you hasten to hurl it - and it works!
There is a thrill and glowing [satisfaction /
dissatisfaction] that can only come from a very
few other pastimes! Even the old-timer at the
boomerang game never fails to [explain /
experience] it; he may have made a thousand
boomerangs, yet each time he throws a new one
and it works perfectly just as he planned that it
should, he feels a surge of pride and satisfaction
that is [worthless / worth] many times over the
effort required for the making. 1t is a feeling of
craftsmanship, of having been the cause! So great,
in fact, is this joy that comes from seeing a
newly-made boomerang work perfectly, that one is
always [tempted / bothered] to put the stick away
after throwing it enough to test it thoroughly, and
then to make another designed to act in [the
same / a different] way.

※올바른선생님연합의 모든 자료는 비영리 목적으로 선생님 및 학생 모두 활용할 수 있습니다.

 2019년 수능특강 영어 21~25강 변형문제 3단계: 어휘양자택일 정답지
24-1
What traditional entertainment always promised
was to transport us from our daily problems, to
enable us to [enjoy / escape from] the struggles
of life. Analyzing the mechanism through which
this was achieved, literary scholar Michael Wood
in his book America in the Movies described our
films as a “rearrangement of our problems into
shapes which tame them, which [enhance /
disperse] them to the margins of our attention,"
where we can forget about them. This is what we
really mean when we call entertainment “
escapist": We [rush / run away from] life by
escaping into the neat narrative formulas in which
most entertainments are packaged. Still, with
movies there was always the assumption that the
escape was [temporary / permanent]. At the end
of the film one had to leave the theater and
[reenter / reassure] the maelstrom of real life.
*maelstrom 대혼란 큰 동요.
- 정답 : escape from / disperse / run away from
도망가다 / temporary / reenter
- 오답 : enjoy 즐기다 / enhance 강화하다 / rush
돌진하다 / permanent 영구적인 / reassure 안심
시키다
※올바른선생님연합의 모든 자료는 비영리 목적으로 선생님 및 학생 모두 활용할 수 있습니다.
<올바른선생님연합> 고등부 출제위원 Kate J 선생님
24-2
Many teachers shy away from using contemporary
art in their teaching because they feel
[uncomfortable / comfortable] with their own level
of knowledge and are [willing / reluctant] to
introduce their students to anything they may not
have mastered themselves. This response is not
unique to educators. As art critic and historian
Lucy Lippard has pointed out, the field of
contemporary art “has become [mystified / defied]
to the point where many people doubt and are
even embarrassed by their own responses." To
make matters worse, teaching resources are
[abundant / scarce]. The absence of curriculum
materials about contemporary art reflects the
attitude that the only [priceless / valueless] art is
that which has “ withstood the test of time." This
attitude, in tum, reflects the belief that it is
possible to establish universal cultural standards
that remain fixed and [permanent / temporary].
- 정답 : uncomfortable 불편한 (본문 do not 지
움) / reluctant / mystified / scarce / priceless 귀
중한 / permanent
- 오답 : comfortable 편안한 / willing 기꺼이 ~
하는 / defied 반항하다 / abundant 풍부한 /
valueless 무가치한 / temporary 일시적인
 2019년 수능특강 영어 21~25강 변형문제 3단계: 어휘양자택일 정답지
24-3
What we enjoy in music is not the words, the
meanings, or the concepts hidden in the lyrics,
but first and foremost, the music that is in the
human voice, in the words and in the entire
performance of the singer. Then we also highly
[undervalue / value] the quality of the voice,
compared to others, in the same way that we
enjoy the sound of certain instruments more than
others. This is why even when we do not
understand the words in a song, we still [enjoy /
put aside] it if the music is good. Thus, while
the singer turns, twists and elongates the words,
the act performed by the singer becomes nothing
other than making strange noises that are very
soothing when done well. Outside this context, it
becomes very [difficult / easy], if not totally
impossible, to explain why we enjoy songs.
*elongate 길게 늘이다
- 정답 : value / enjoy / difficult
- 오답 : undervalue 경시하다 / put aside 제거하
다 / easy 쉬운
※올바른선생님연합의 모든 자료는 비영리 목적으로 선생님 및 학생 모두 활용할 수 있습니다.
<올바른선생님연합> 고등부 출제위원 Kate J 선생님
24-4
When photography came along in the nineteenth
century, painting was put in [blessing / crisis].
The photograph, it seemed, did the work of
imitating nature better than the painter ever could.
Some painters made pragmatic use of the
invention. There were Impressionist painters who
used a photograph in place of the model or
landscape they were painting. But by and large,
the photograph was a [challenge / charge] to
painting and was one cause of painting’s
[approaching closely / moving away from] direct
representation and reproduction to the abstract
painting of the twentieth century. Since
photographs did such a good job of representing
things as they existed in the world, painters were
freed to look inward and represent things as they
were in their imagination, rendering [emotion /
reason] in the color, volume, line, and spatial
configurations native to the painter's art.
* render 표현하다
- 정답 : crisis / challenge / moving away from /
emotion
- 오답 : blessing 축복 / charge 요금, 고발 /
approaching closely 가까이 접근하다 / reason 이
성
 2019년 수능특강 영어 21~25강 변형문제 3단계: 어휘양자택일 정답지 <올바른선생님연합> 고등부 출제위원 Kate J 선생님

25-1
One reason people sometimes stay in jobs they
dislike is that they don’t want to [satisfy /
disappoint] people in their lives. Sometimes, the
people in our lives are very invested in our
staying the same as we have always been. When
they see us change direction in a career or in
life, it can be [rewarding / scary] for them. They
may try to discourage you for reasons that
actually have nothing to do with you. This
situation is very common. Incidentally, if you find
yourself in this [circumstance / resistance], think
about it this way - if you need advice about how
to go in a new direction successfully, whom
should you take it from? People who are stuck
and want you to stay stuck, or people who have
successfully moved forward in their lives? Take it
from other people who have changed directions
[unwillingly / successfully] in their own careers
and in their own lives.
- 정답 : disappoint / scary / circumstance /
successfully
-오답 : satisfy 만족시키다 / rewarding 보람있
는 / resistance 저항 / unwillingly 마지못해
25-2
Online charter schools, also known as
cyberschools, enroll students in full-time schooling
delivered over the Internet and have become a
fast-growing [subjective / alternative] to traditional
brick-and-mortar public education. The National
Education Policy Center estimated in 2013 that
300 full-time cyber-schools [enrolled / quit] more
than 200,000 students throughout the United
States. When the performance of children who
receive their education at cyberschools is assessed,
the results, however, are [great / dismal]. Dropout
rates for cyberschooled students often exceed 50
percent; the graduation rate for these students is
about two-thirds the rate for traditional schools
and student-teacher ratios are as high as 200 to 1
in some cyberschools. When it comes to student
achievement, children educated in cyberschools
[get ahead of / lag far behind] children educated
in traditional brick-and-mortar public schools.
State department of education ratings of
cyberschools in 2011-12 showed that more than
70 percent were rated as academically
[unacceptable / sustainable].
- 정답 : alternative / enrolled / dismal / lag far
behind / unacceptable

- 오답 주관적인
: subjective / quit 그만두다 /
훌륭한
great / get ahead of ~ 을 앞서다 /
지속가능한
sustainable

※올바른선생님연합의 모든 자료는 비영리 목적으로 선생님 및 학생 모두 활용할 수 있습니다.

 2019년 수능특강 영어 21~25강 변형문제 3단계: 어휘양자택일 정답지
25-3
Clearly defined expectations and limits are
parental attitudes often associated with developing
positive self-esteem in children. Setting high but
not impossible expectations, for instance, involves
providing c1ear standards of worthiness. Setting
goals and holding standards lets the child know
that certain forms of behavior are [undesirable /
desirable], good, or “ worthy" and to be strived
toward. Establishing and maintaining limits is
important because failing to do so is [destructive
/ constructive] to self-esteem in the long run. For
example, a long line of developmental literature
shows that parental over-permissiveness is related
to negative behaviors such as impulsivity and
[aggressiveness / generosity]. The same literature,
which can be found in almost any standard text
on child development, indicates that limits that
are too severe or too harshly enforced are also
[pragmatic / problematic]. For instance, they can
engender the development of anxious and
restrictive behavior, rather than [spontaneity /
reluctance] and engagement with life.
* engender 낳다
- 정답 : desirable / destructive / aggressiveness /
problematic / spontaneity
- 오답 : undesirable 바람직하지않은 / disappear 사라지다 / exploded 폭발하다
constructive건설적인 너그러움
/ generosity /
pragmatic 실용적인 마지못해 함
/ reluctance
10
※올바른선생님연합의 모든 자료는 비영리 목적으로 선생님 및 학생 모두 활용할 수 있습니다.
<올바른선생님연합> 고등부 출제위원 Kate J 선생님
25-4
There has been much written about the use of “
time out" as a means of interrupting negative
behavior cycles. “ Time out" is when a child is
removed, voluntarily or involuntarily, from a
situation and given time to cool down. Time out
works best when it is used as a [representative /
preventative] measure, rather than a punishment.
Therefore, it is most effective when implemented
very [early / later] on in an escalating cyc1e.
Most parents read our children well. Most of us
know when things are heating up. There’ s a
certain look on the face, a particular tone of
voice, increasing volume, provocative statements,
and even specific situations when we know that
conflict will most likely [disappear / escalate] - in
the car, during the “ witching hour" before
supper, first thing in the morning. If a child can
be given a second chance before the situation has
gotten out of hand, the conflict may be skirted,
or even [avoided / exploded]. This is rather like
a “ take two" on a movie set - complete with
clapperboard.
* provocative 자극적인
- 정답 : preventative / early / escalate / avoided
- 오답 : representative 대표 / later 나중에 /